Trickling Filter
A trickling filter is a type of wastewater treatment system.
• A trickling filter , also called trickling biofilter, biofilter, biological filter and biological trickling filter , is a fixed-bed, biological
reactor that operates under (mostly) aerobic conditions.
Rotating Biological Contactors (RBCs) are fixed film, aerobic biological wastewater treatment systems that use rotating discs to reduce organic matter. RBCs grow microorganisms on the discs that break down organic pollutants. The objectives of RBC wastewater treatment are to manage industrial and domestic wastewater discharge to reduce water pollution threats without harming human health or the environment. RBCs have advantages like low space and energy requirements with reliable liquid/solid separation and low sludge production.
The document summarizes the wastewater treatment process. It involves three main stages - primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment removes solids and floats. Secondary treatment uses bacteria to break down dissolved organic matter. There are different approaches like fixed film and suspended film systems. Tertiary treatment disinfects the wastewater using chlorination, UV, or ozonation. Sludge is also treated to reduce water content and stabilize organic matter through aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion, or composting. The treated effluent and sludge can be reused or disposed of safely.
The document discusses membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for wastewater treatment. MBR combines a biological wastewater treatment process with a membrane filtration process. It provides several advantages over conventional activated sludge including higher quality effluent with very low levels of contaminants, complete pathogen removal, and ability to reuse treated water. The document examines various MBR configurations, design considerations, operating parameters, case studies on MBR use in antibiotic manufacturing wastewater treatment, and concludes that MBR is an effective technology for wastewater treatment applications.
The document discusses various aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment processes. It begins by defining wastewater treatment as a process to convert wastewater into an effluent that can safely return to the water cycle with minimal environmental impact. It then describes several specific treatment processes, including activated sludge processing, trickling filters, rotating biological contactors, biofilters, aerobic and anaerobic stabilization ponds, and various anaerobic digestion methods like upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed processes.
Stabilization ponds, also known as oxidation ponds, are large, shallow ponds that treat wastewater through interactions between sunlight, algae, and bacteria. Algae grow using nutrients from wastewater and release oxygen used by aerobic bacteria to break down organic matter. The algae and bacteria have a symbiotic relationship where algae provide oxygen for bacteria and bacteria provide carbon dioxide for algae. Together, they work to treat wastewater through bacterial oxidation and algal photosynthesis in the pond's water columns and sediments.
Deals with what is activated sludge, mechanisms and kinetics of treatment, design of activated sludge process, secondary clarifiers and their design and bulking sludge, raising sludge and foaming of ASP.
1. The document discusses various types of wastewater treatment processes including oxidation ditches, oxidation ponds, aerated lagoons, and septic tanks.
2. Oxidation ditches are essentially extended aeration activated sludge processes using endless ditches and rotors for aeration. Rotors are designed to impart velocities between 0.3 to 0.4 m/s.
3. Oxidation ponds, also called waste stabilization ponds, are open earthen basins that use natural means like wave action and sunlight to facilitate the aerobic and anaerobic treatment of sewage and biodegradable wastes.
Primary waste water treatment powerpointb presntationkanchan jadon
This ppt basically depends on primary waste water treatment. It gives brief description about what is water treatment,sources of waste water,types of waste water basically mostly focus on primary treatment like screening,types of screening,description on every type of screens, grit removal,communator,primary sedimentation.
Tertiary treatment is needed to further treat effluents beyond secondary treatment levels before discharge or reuse. It aims to remove additional contaminants like nutrients, pathogens, toxins, and dissolved solids. Common tertiary treatments include nutrient removal processes like nitrification/denitrification, ion exchange, and membrane technologies such as reverse osmosis. Phosphorus removal can be achieved through physical filtration, chemical precipitation, or biological enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Ammonia removal is typically done through air stripping or biological nitrification followed by denitrification. The document provides details on various tertiary treatment processes and their operating mechanisms.
First presentation of my whole life, That's i want to share with you people. I think this presentation (SECONDARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT) may fulfill your requirement.
Actually when my teacher told me about our assignment I was felling nervous because I've never done this type of thing. when she asked one of my classmate to upload his PPT in class common email-ID, then I felt very bad !!!! not on their success but because I COULDN'T. At that time i promised to myself and with the co-ordination of my group member MR. AYUSH GOVIL, MISS. VERSHA DABAS, MISS KRITI SINGHAL and myself RISHAW KUMAR (TIWARI). And finally i got not only me, we winzzzzz.
thanx to,
Dr. TANNU ALLEN (our prof.)
and special thanx to my group member and my classmate. and you guys also.
Aeration is the process of bringing water and air into close contact to remove dissolved gases like carbon dioxide and oxidize dissolved metals such as iron. It is often the first major process at water treatment plants. There are two main methods of aeration - passing water through air, and passing air through water. Common reasons for aeration include oxidation of organic matter, increasing dissolved oxygen, and removing substances that cause odor or could interfere with subsequent treatment processes.
The document summarizes various stages of wastewater treatment processes. It discusses preliminary treatment which removes solids, grit, and grease. Primary treatment uses sedimentation to remove 60% of suspended solids. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge and oxidation ditches to remove organic matter. Tertiary treatment further removes nutrients and particles through processes like filtration and disinfection. The document provides details on the treatment units and processes involved at each stage of wastewater treatment.
Urban wastewater is usually treated using conventional activated sludge processes, which involve bacteria breaking down pollutants. Membrane bioreactors improve on this by using a membrane to filter out bacteria instead of gravitational settling. This allows for higher concentrations of bacteria and produces very high quality treated water that can be reused. Membrane bioreactors have several advantages over conventional treatment, including more compact systems and better treatment, but also have higher costs and challenges with membrane fouling.
This presentation includes the basic introduction to sewage/ wastewater, quantity estimation, the basic terms commonly used in the sewerage system, Types of sewer, sewage, and sewerage system.
This document discusses sludge processing and disposal. It defines sludge as organic matter that settles in sedimentation tanks during wastewater treatment. Left untreated, sludge decomposition causes foul odors and pollution. The document outlines various sludge treatment processes including thickening to reduce moisture, anaerobic and aerobic digestion to reduce volume and pathogens, and dewatering through methods like drying beds and centrifugation. The main objectives of sludge treatment are digesting organic matter, destroying pathogens, and achieving safe and odor-free disposal, such as through incineration, application to agricultural land, or ocean disposal.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
This document presents information on upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. It discusses that the UASB technology was developed in the 1970s to treat industrial and sewage wastewater using anaerobic digestion. The key factors affecting UASB reactor performance are identified as organic loading rate, nutrients, hydraulic retention time, volatile fatty acids, operational temperature, and operational pH. Advantages of UASB reactors include high efficiency, simplicity, flexibility, low space and energy requirements, and low sludge production, while disadvantages include low pathogen/nutrient removal, long start-up times, potential for odors, and need for post-treatment.
Sewage and wastewater contain organic and inorganic matter, gases, and microorganisms. The organic matter can undergo aerobic or anaerobic decomposition. Aerobic decomposition occurs in the presence of oxygen and forms stable end products. Anaerobic decomposition occurs without oxygen and forms gases and simpler compounds. The characteristics of sewage include physical properties like color and temperature, chemical properties like pH and dissolved oxygen, and biological indicators like BOD and COD that measure decomposability. Proper treatment of sewage is necessary to remove pathogens and pollutants before disposal or reuse of water.
Biological and Advanced Water Treatment.pptxYalelet Abera
Micro-organisms play an essential role in the biological treatment of wastewater by converting organic waste into more stable substances. There are three main types of biological wastewater treatment processes - aerobic, anaerobic, and anoxic. Two common biological wastewater treatment methods are trickling filters and activated sludge processes. Trickling filters use microorganisms attached to media to treat wastewater as it trickles down. Activated sludge processes use air and microorganisms in suspension to treat wastewater in aeration tanks, with the treated wastewater then sent to secondary clarifiers. Design considerations for biological wastewater treatment systems include organic loading rates, hydraulic loading rates, and detention
Designed For Combined Common Effluent Treatment Plant Of Tarapur Midcvivatechijri
The document discusses the design of a combined common effluent treatment plant for Tarapur MIDC. It first discusses the need for increased sewage treatment in the growing Palghar Boisar region of India. It then outlines the various treatment processes involved, including primary processes like screening and grit removal, secondary treatments like trickling filters and MBBR, and tertiary treatments like oxidation ponds. Specific treatment units are described in detail, such as screens, grit chambers, and pumping stations. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of improved wastewater treatment and environmental protection for contaminated water in the region.
This document provides an overview of the sewage treatment process. It begins with an introduction to sewage treatment and its importance. It then describes the various stages of treatment - preliminary (screening), primary (settling), secondary (trickling filters or activated sludge), tertiary (additional filtration), and solids processing (digestion or composting). The final effluent is disinfected before discharge while solids are disposed of in landfills. The document outlines the key objectives, processes, and equipment used at each treatment stage.
L11 -SECONDARY TREATMENT OF SEWAGE - TRICKLING FILTERS.pptxPRACHI DESSAI
Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment or is reused for various purposes (called water reclamation).
Use of biotechnology in the treatment of municipal wastes and hazardousindust...Sijo A
Industrial waste water is a type of waste water produced by industrial activity, such as that of factories, mills and mines.
It is characterised by its large volume, high temperature, high concentration of biodegradable organic matter and suspended solids, high alkanity or acidity and by variations of flow.
The treatment of wastes by micro-organisms is called biological waste treatment.
Biotechnology in Microbiology- includes the how microbial associations are worked out in secondary treatment techniques like activated sludge process, trickling filters, rotating biological contractors, composting, bioremediation etc.
A biofilter uses biological degradation by microorganisms attached to filter media to remove pollutants from wastewater. Microorganisms colonize on the media's surface through transportation, adhesion, and attachment processes. As the biofilm grows, dissolved organics and suspended particles are degraded but oxygen diffusion limits aerobic zones to shallow depths. The biofiltration process is influenced by wastewater flow rate, organic loading, and substrate and oxygen diffusion rates. Common biofilters used for wastewater treatment include contact beds, intermittent sand filters, and trickling filters.
The document discusses sewage systems and sewage treatment processes. It begins by defining sewage and explaining why sewage systems are necessary to collect and transport wastewater from residential and commercial areas to treatment plants. It then describes the multi-step treatment process, including primary treatment to remove solids, secondary biological treatment to remove organic matter using microorganisms, and tertiary treatment for disinfection and removal of additional contaminants. The document provides details on various treatment methods and system components, such as screens, sedimentation tanks, aerators, lagoons, and sludge treatment. Case studies from Japan and the Philippines are also presented to compare sewage treatment approaches.
The document discusses sewage systems and wastewater treatment. It begins with an introduction to sewage and why sewage systems are necessary. It then describes the multi-step treatment process that wastewater undergoes, including primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments. Primary treatment removes solids and organic materials. Secondary treatment uses biological processes to remove dissolved organic matter. Tertiary treatment further removes nutrients and pathogens. The document also discusses sludge treatment methods and provides case studies of specific sewage treatment systems and companies.
Characteristics of sewage& waste water collectionMood Naik
This document provides an overview of sewage characteristics and sewerage systems. It defines sewage as liquid waste produced from water use. Sewage consists of organic and inorganic materials from residential, public and industrial sources. Its characteristics include color, odor, temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand. Sewage also contains microorganisms including pathogens. The document then describes components of sewerage systems including collection pipes, pumping stations, and wastewater treatment plants. It outlines different types of sewer systems and sewers.
This document provides an overview of trickling filters, which are biological wastewater treatment units where microorganisms are attached to a medium to treat wastewater. It describes the three main components of trickling filters - the distribution system, filter medium, and underdrain system. It also classifies trickling filters into standard rate, high rate, and roughing filters based on design loading and media depth. The document outlines operating strategies for trickling filters including daily operations, typical problems, and start-up and maintenance procedures.
The document provides background information on wastewater treatment. It defines wastewater and its components. It describes the functions of a wastewater treatment plant, which typically includes primary treatment to remove solids through screening and sedimentation, and secondary treatment using biological processes like activated sludge to break down organic materials. It outlines primary treatment methods like grit removal and sedimentation tanks, and secondary treatment options like activated sludge, trickling filters, and lagoons. It also discusses tertiary treatment and sludge treatment. The overall document aims to educate students on municipal wastewater treatment processes.
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES TOWARDS WATER WASTE MANAGEMENT saadmughal1271
This document discusses various biotechnological approaches for wastewater treatment, including engineered biosorbents for heavy metal removal, displaying metal binding peptides on microorganisms, and designing strains for enhanced biodegradation. It describes common wastewater treatment processes like the trickling filter, activated sludge process, and anaerobic digestion. Finally, it discusses using these biotechnological methods to treat wastewater from textile and desiccated coconut industries.
Anaerobic digestion is a technologically simple process used to convert organic material into methane through microbial action in the absence of air. The methanogenic activity occurs at 55°C or higher with a neutral pH of 6.5-7.5. High-rate anaerobic reactors like UASB reactors are widely used for wastewater treatment and can achieve organic loading rates of 1-20 kg COD/m3-day with removal efficiencies of 75-85% and retention times of 4-24 hours. Biofilters use microorganisms attached to a solid media to biologically degrade pollutants from air and wastewater streams, while bioscrubbers first absorb gases before biological oxidation in a separate basin
The document summarizes a trickling filter wastewater treatment process. A trickling filter uses media like rocks or plastic to promote microbial growth for breaking down organic matter in wastewater. Wastewater is distributed over the media through nozzles where microorganisms attached to the media degrade the organic matter. Trickling filters offer advantages of low energy use, simple operation, and cost effectiveness but also have limitations like odor, media clogging, and limited nutrient removal requiring additional treatment.
Veolia’s Case Studies for Small Wastewater Treatment PlantsOswar Mungkasa
prepared by Xin, ZHAO*, Mark, ELLIOTT *, Edwin, TAN *, Edmond, CHEUNG *, Xiaohua CHEN * * Veolia Water Solutions and Technologies (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100004, China (E-mail: xin.zhao@veoliawater.com) for Urban Environments in Asia, 25-28 May 2011, Manila, Philippines. organized by International Water Association (IWA).
Similar to Trickling Filter, Wastewater Treatment method (20)
Vermicompost-गडेउला मल training by ....pptxAnitaPoudel5
वर्मीकम्पोस्ट उत्पादन गर्ने गडेउले मलको प्रशिक्षण खोज्नुहोस्। यो एक प्राकृतिक तरिकाले उत्पन्न भएको उर्वरक हो जसले मिट्टीमा पोषक तत्वहरू जोड्छ र मिट्टीको उपचार गर्दछ।
गडेउले मलको प्रशिक्षण भनेको, केही चरणहरूमा मलाई वर्मीकम्पोस्ट उत्पादनका लागि समायोजन गर्न सिकाउने प्रक्रिया हो। पहिलो, उचित ठाउँमा मलाई संचित गर्न र त्यसलाई पुनः प्रयोग गर्नका लागि तयार गर्नुपर्छ।
पछि, वर्मीकम्पोस्ट बनाउने साधनहरूको चयन र उपयोगको तरिका शिक्षा दिइनुपर्छ। यो सामग्रीहरू मुख्यतया गडे किटाणुहरू (वर्मिकम्पोस्टिंग केवलार), मल, र पर्यावरणीय तापमान र आर्द्रताले प्रभावित हुने गरी उचित मापदण्डको तल्लो बनाइनुपर्छ।
झोलमल जैविक मल तथा बिसादी/ Jholmal: Biofertilizer and BiopesticideAnitaPoudel5
बायोपेस्टिसाइड र तरल जैविक उर्वरकहरू आजको कृषि तथा परिसर सम्बन्धी विज्ञानको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण अंग हुन्। यी उत्पादनहरू परिप्रेक्ष्यमा पर्यावरणको रक्षा र कृषि उत्पादनको वृद्धि गराउने गरी विकसित गरिएका छन्।
Class 12,chemistry project by Prekshya Dhakal.docxAnitaPoudel5
This document discusses a study on different types of food preservatives used in foods. It begins by introducing food preservatives and their purpose of preventing spoilage. It then describes the history of preservatives and categorizes them into three types: natural, chemical, and artificial. For each type, several common examples are provided and briefly explained. The roles of preservatives in food are maintaining quality, improving nutrition, and delaying spoilage. Both benefits and potential side effects of preservatives are mentioned. The document concludes that while preservatives ensure food safety, artificial preservatives can have negative health impacts.
This document provides information about a potentiometer, including its definition, types, working principle, construction, applications, and conclusions. A potentiometer is an instrument used to measure unknown voltage by comparing it to a known voltage. It can determine the electromotive force and internal resistance of a cell. The document describes how a potentiometer works using a long resistance wire with a potential gradient between points. It has applications in comparing cell voltages, measuring internal resistance, and uses in audio/display controls, radios, robotics, and education.
Conservation Biotechnology: DNA and Tissue Bank, DNA Barcoding, DNA fingerpr...AnitaPoudel5
This document discusses various biotechnological techniques used for conservation, including DNA and tissue banking, DNA barcoding, and DNA fingerprinting. It provides an overview of each technique, explaining what they are, how they work, and their applications. DNA and tissue banking preserves genetic material for research and conservation. DNA barcoding uses short DNA sequences to identify species, while DNA fingerprinting examines differences in DNA to identify individuals. These techniques help preserve biodiversity, study species and populations, and aid fields like forensics, agriculture and medicine.
Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the major environmental issues in cities of many
developing countries, including Nepal. Urbanization, Industrialization and economic
development has led to increasing generation of municipal solid waste (MSW). The use of
products that generate hazardous waste is another concern. Unmanaged disposal of medical
wastes from hospitals and clinics also contribute to pollution and public health hazards in the
localities. Therefore, SWM has become a major concern for the municipalities of Nepal. The
total sample size of 21 from the households, Restaurants, Hotels, commercial shops (including
Fruit shop, Barber shop, Spectacle shop, Library, Book shop etc.) were collected around
Kathmandu municipality.
Guheswori Waste Water Treatment Plant,
P963+FXH, Bagmati Rd, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
Guheshwori waste water treatment plant is located at the bank of the Bagmati
River on the northeastern part of Kathmandu City. It is constructed at the initiative
of the government to clean up the Bagmati River.But it is managed by nongovernment organization “VA Tech WayBag LIMITED”. The plant treats the
untreated wastewater generated by the household, industries and other institutions
of Gaurighat,Gokarna,Chabahil, Bouddha and Kharibot.
The main aim of the guheswori waste water treatment plant are:
1. To improve quality of wastewater
2. Elimination of pollutants, toxicants and many such
3. Preservation of water quality of natural water resources
4. To make wastewater usable for other purposes
5. Prevention of harmful diseases
Praramva
Biotech Pvt.Ltd was established in the year 2011 (A.D) by the three Biotech graduates of
Kathmandu University. Praramva Biotech is now one of the largest manufacturers of
Vermicompost in Nepal. Besides that, it has its own well equipped laboratory that
produces wide portfolio of bio based products for disease and pest management, crop nutrition
and soil health management. Praramva Biotech Pvt. Ltd specializes in manufacturing biological
crop protection and plant nutrition based products for progressive farmers, who need more than
sustainable results. The main aims of the Praramva Biotech Company are:
• To help farmers to increase their productivity and economy.
• To achieve sustainable development through scientific research based method in agriculture and
environment sector.
• Production and processing of medicinal plant.
• To reduce chemical fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides and promote organic farming.
-“Biofuel is an inexhaustible, biodegradable fuel manufactured from Biomass.”
• Renewable energy
• Derived from living materials.
• Pure and the easiest available fuels on planet earth.
Sanitary Landfill:
A method of disposing of solid waste on land without creating nuisances or hazards to public health or safety, by utilizing the principles of engineering to confine the solid waste to the smallest practical area, to reduce it to the smallest practical volume, and to cover it with a layer of earth at the conclusion of each day's operation or at more frequent intervals as may be necessary.
Biomagnification, also known
as bioamplification or biological magnification, is
any concentration of a toxin, such as pesticides, in
the tissues of tolerant organisms at successively
higher levels in a food chain.
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TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC SCIENCE.pptximansiipandeyy
This presentation, "Introduction to Forensic Science," offers a basic understanding of forensic science, including its history, why it's needed, and its main goals. It covers how forensic science helps solve crimes and its importance in the justice system. By the end, you'll have a clear idea of what forensic science is and why it's essential.
Hydrogen sulfide and metal-enriched atmosphere for a Jupiter-mass exoplanetSérgio Sacani
We observed two transits of HD 189733b in JWST program 1633 using JWST
NIRCam grism F444W and F322W2 filters on August 25 and 29th 2022. The first
visit with F444W used SUBGRISM64 subarray lasting 7877 integrations with 4
BRIGHT1 groups per integration. Each effective integration is 2.4s for a total effective exposure time of 18780.9s and a total exposure duration of 21504.2s (∼6 hrs)
including overhead. The second visit with F322W2 used SUBGRISM64 subarray
lasting 10437 integrations with 3 BRIGHT1 groups per integration. Each effective
integration is 1.7s for a total effective exposure time of 17774.7s and a total exposure
duration of 21383.1s (∼6 hrs) including overhead. The transit duration of HD189733
b is ∼1.8 hrs and both observations had additional pre-ingress baseline relative to
post-egress baseline in anticipating the potential ramp systematics at the beginning
of the exposure from NIRCam infrared detectors.
Ethical considerations play a crucial role in research, ensuring the protection of participants and the integrity of the study. Here are some subject-specific ethical issues that researchers need
Search for Dark Matter Ionization on the Night Side of Jupiter with CassiniSérgio Sacani
We present a new search for dark matter (DM) using planetary atmospheres. We point out that
annihilating DM in planets can produce ionizing radiation, which can lead to excess production of
ionospheric Hþ
3 . We apply this search strategy to the night side of Jupiter near the equator. The night side
has zero solar irradiation, and low latitudes are sufficiently far from ionizing auroras, leading to a lowbackground search. We use Cassini data on ionospheric Hþ
3 emission collected three hours either side of
Jovian midnight, during its flyby in 2000, and set novel constraints on the DM-nucleon scattering cross
section down to about 10−38 cm2. We also highlight that DM atmospheric ionization may be detected in
Jovian exoplanets using future high-precision measurements of planetary spectra.
A slightly oblate dark matter halo revealed by a retrograde precessing Galact...Sérgio Sacani
The shape of the dark matter (DM) halo is key to understanding the
hierarchical formation of the Galaxy. Despite extensive eforts in recent
decades, however, its shape remains a matter of debate, with suggestions
ranging from strongly oblate to prolate. Here, we present a new constraint
on its present shape by directly measuring the evolution of the Galactic
disk warp with time, as traced by accurate distance estimates and precise
age determinations for about 2,600 classical Cepheids. We show that the
Galactic warp is mildly precessing in a retrograde direction at a rate of
ω = −2.1 ± 0.5 (statistical) ± 0.6 (systematic) km s−1 kpc−1 for the outer disk
over the Galactocentric radius [7.5, 25] kpc, decreasing with radius. This
constrains the shape of the DM halo to be slightly oblate with a fattening
(minor axis to major axis ratio) in the range 0.84 ≤ qΦ ≤ 0.96. Given the
young nature of the disk warp traced by Cepheids (less than 200 Myr), our
approach directly measures the shape of the present-day DM halo. This
measurement, combined with other measurements from older tracers,
could provide vital constraints on the evolution of the DM halo and the
assembly history of the Galaxy.
Testing the Son of God Hypothesis (Jesus Christ)Robert Luk
Instead of answering the God hypothesis, we investigate the Son of God hypothesis. We developed our own methodology to deal with existential statements instead of universal statements unlike science. We discuss the existence of the supernaturals and found that there are strong evidence for it. Given that supernatural exists, we report on miracles investigated in the past related to the Son of God. A Bayesian methodology is used to calculate the combined degree of belief of the Son of God Hypothesis. We also report the testing of occurrences of words/numbers in the Bible to suggest the likelihood of some special numbers occurring, supporting the Son of God Hypothesis. We also have a table showing the past occurrences of miracles in hundred year periods for about 1000 years. Miracles that we have looked at include Shroud of Turin, Eucharistic Miracles, Marian Apparitions, Incorruptible Corpses, etc.
Deploying DAPHNE Computational Intelligence on EuroHPC Vega for Benchmarking ...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda, Mark Dokter:
Deploying DAPHNE Computational Intelligence on EuroHPC Vega for Benchmarking Randomised Optimisation Algorithms.
2024 International Conference on Broadband Communications for Next Generation Networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom), 9--11 July 2024, Graz, Austria
https://www.cobcom.tugraz.at/
5. Introduction
• A trickling filter is a type of wastewater treatment system.
• A trickling filter , also called trickling biofilter, biofilter, biological filter and biological trickling filter , is a fixed-bed, biological
reactor that operates under (mostly) aerobic conditions.
• Trickling filters are conventional aerobic biological wastewater treatment units, such as active sludge systems or rotating biological
contactors.
• Trickling filters are a secondary treatment after a primary setting process (see also septic tanks or pre treatment).
• Trickling filter process can define as the biological system, which tends to separate or degrade the maximum organic and inorganic
waste (up to 85%) out of the primary or raw sludge via the slime layer.
6. Principle:
• Pre-settled wastewater is continuously ‘trickled’ or sprayed over the filter. As the water migrates through the pores of the filter, organics
are aerobically degraded by the biofilm covering the filter material.
Schematic cross-section of a trickling filter. Source: TILLEY et al. (2014)
8. Bar Racks :A rough screening device, eith
er vertical or inclined, with parallel bars s
paced 3 inches apart, placed in a wastew
ater collection pipe or other waterway to
catch debris. The screenings may be raked
from it.
10. 1.Filter bed: It is a bed chiefly containing crushed rock or other coarse media.
The construction of a filter bed is roughly 6 feet deep and 200 feet in thickness.
Settled sewage is flushed evenly over the filter bed containing organic and
inorganic waste via continuously rotating distributor’s arm. Holes within the
rotary distributor arm facilitates the trickling of primary influent and settled
sewage throughout the filter bed.
2.Microbial film: Within the filter media some aerobic microbes are found on the
surface, and some anaerobic microorganisms are found below the filter media.
As the wastewater trickles downward, the microorganisms associated with the
filter media starts utilizing the organic matter of the wastewater and forms a
later called microbial slime. Thus, the microorganisms in the filter media play a
pivotal role in degrading the organic matter in the sewage, thereby minimizes
BOD and COD from the sewage.
11. Drainage system: The treated wastewater from the trickling filter bed
goes down the drainage system and further undergoes tertiary
treatment via membrane filter and disinfection before secondary
sedimentation. A secondary clarifier is a sedimentation unit, which
separates the small colloids, suspended particles etc. at the bottom out
of waste fluid.
Besides, the tertiary treatment is also necessary for the safe disposal of
the effluent, as this step eliminates the pathogenic microorganisms. In
contrast, the oxidized or decomposed organic matter sloughed down
and recycled back in the trickling filter mediated via return pump.
12. Types of Trickling Filters:
Depending upon the hydraulic and organic shock load, trickling filters can be categorized into two types,
namely high rate and Standard rate trickling filter. The hydraulic loading rate can define as the sewa
ge flow (Q) per unit volume (V) of filter bed in a day, while the organic loading rate can define as the kil
ograms of BOD (Y5) introduced into the per unit volume (V) in a day.
1.The BOD removal efficiency of both standard and high rate trickling filter is about 75 to 90%. The nitrif
ication of the primary effluent is relatively higher in standard rate filters, whereas high rate trickling filters
produce partially nitrified effluent.
2.Standard rate and high rate trickling filter are suitable for the treatment of low to high strength domestic
wastewaters and industrial wastewater.
Recirculation of the effluent is not provided in the Standard rate filters. In contrast, high rate filters are
provided with return pump between the trickling filter tank and secondary clarifier that aids in efflu
ent recirculation.
To identify the characteristic difference between the two, one can look upon the table given below t
hat specifies the efficiency and depth of the standardand high rate trickling filter. Recirculation ratio
is recirculation discharge upon incoming discharge.
13. Properties
Standard rate trickling
filter (SRTF)
High rate trickling
filter(HRTF)
Hydraulic loading 1-4 m3/m2.d 10-40 m3/m2.d
Organic loading 0.08-0.32 kg BOD/m3.d 0.32-1.0 kg BOD/m3.d
Depth 1.8-3.0 m 0.9-2.5 m
Recirculation ratio 0 0.5-3.0- domestic
wastewater
8- strong industrial
wastewater
14. Advantage and Disadvantage:
Advantages:
1. Can be operated at a range of organic and hydraulic loading rates
2. High effluent quality in terms of BOD and suspended solids removal; in com
bination with a primary and tertiary treatment also in terms of pathogens
3. It is a simple and reliable secondary treatment unit of the wastewater.
4. It can be used to degrade a variety of organic waste.
5. Trickling filter can resist shock loadings.
6. It efficiently oxidizes the ammonia or efficient in ammonium oxidation.
7. Trickling filter aids to produce effluent free of BOD, COD, nutrients, suspend
ed colloids etc.
8. Its construction requires a small land area, unlike constructed wetland.
Disadvantages:
1. Its designing requires high capital costs.
2. The designing of a trickling filter requires expert skills.
3. Its operation and maintenance require regular attention by the skilled
labour personnel.
4. The trickling filter process is a continuous process, which needs an
uninterrupted supply of electricity and wastewater distribution.
5. It sometimes causes flies breeding and odour problem.
6. The effluent produced by the trickling filter needs to treated further by
the chemical disinfectants.
7. Accumulation of excessive biomass may cause clogging of the TF-unit.
8. Not all parts and materials may be locally available.
15. Conclusion:
Therefore, we can conclude that the trickling filter process is one of the attached growth system, which means that the microorgani
sms responsible for the degradation of the organic matter are attached to the non-submerged packing material. It is designed for th
e secondary treatment of the primary influent to eliminate the suspended and soluble organic waste along with the nutrients.
https://www.netsolwater.com/netsol-water/assets/img/product-images/How-to
-design-trickling-filters-and-Size-and-capacity.png
16. References:
1. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Biological wastewater treatment processes; secondary treatment". Staffordshire University.
Archived from the original on 18 April 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
2. ^ "Updates on the wastewater treatment plant stench". Christchurch City Council. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
3. ^ Saudi Aramco. "Saudi Aramco Engineering Development Program" (PPT). King Fahd University of Petroleum and
Minerals. pp. 62–65. Archived from the original (PPT) on 2011-07-28.
4. ^ US patent 4351729, Enrique R. Witt, "Biological filter and process", issued September 28, 1982
5. ^ Davis, Allen. "Recirculating Systems" (PDF). Auburn University. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on October
23, 2015.
6. ^ Beychok, Milton R. (1967). Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants (1st ed.). John Wiley &
Sons Ltd. LCCN 67019834.
7. ^ Bryan, E.H.; Moeller, D.H. (April 20, 1960). Aerobic Biological Oxidation Using Dowpac. Conference on Biological
Waste Treatment. Manhattan College.
8. ^ Van Sperling, Marcus (2007). Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors. IWA Publications. ISBN 978-1-
84339-165-4.
9. https://biologyreader.com/trickling-filter-process.html