Wydział Humanistyczny

Neologisms in bilingual digital dictionaries (on the example of Bulgarian-Polish dictionary)The paper discusses the presentation of neologisms in the recent version of the Bulgarian-Polish digital dictionary. We also continue the discussion of important problems related to the classifiers of the verbs as headwords of the digital dictionary entries. We analyze some examples from ongoing experimental version of the Bulgarian-Polish digital dictionary.

In the field of Slavonic linguistics contrastive studies of neologisms occupy little place, the newest words are insufficiently described and classified. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the need for contrastive description of the newest lexis and checking exclusively one of many possibilities of obtaining Polish, Bulgarian and Russian neologisms. Language corpora, as this possibility is in question, are not the only source from which the author obtains her research material, yet a growing interest in corpora has inspired her to also use this method. The author wants to show the reader to what degree language corpora can help in building the thesaurus of Polish, Bulgarian and Russian neologisms. Making an attempt to confront a collection of neologisms of contemporary Polish, Bulgarian and Russian language, the author points out the need to standardize the description (identical for each of the analysed languages), which she intends to propose in another publications on neologisms in Polish, Bulgarian and Russian language. The application of contrastive method to three different but related languages from the Slavonic group will help, in her opinion, to discover more mechanisms of new words coming into existence and examine the newest derivative processes and their productivity.

The “Contemporary Bulgarian-Polish dictionary”, being prepared by Joanna Satoła-Staśkowiak and Violetta Koseska-Toszewa with collaboration from Ludmila Dimitrova, is a contrastive description of Bulgarian and Polish vocabulary, including the newest lexis – the codification of which has not been attempted since the last edition of Franciszek Sławski’s “Concise Bulgarian-Polish dictionary (“Podręczny słownik bułgarsko-polski”) in 1987. “Since this time major changes have taken place not only in Bulgarian and Polish vocabulary but also in the methodology of dictionary entry formulation. In compiling this dictionary we were helped by: studies of a great number of source texts, language corpora, hundreds of conversations with native speakers of Bulgarian as well as other […] lexicographical works by prominent linguists” (from the authors).

W książce analizowane są ekwiwalentności przekładowe czasów praeterytalnych w dwu blisko spokrewnionych, jednak typologicznie znacznie różniących się językach: polskim i bułgarskim. Analiza ta prowadzona jest wielopłaszczyznowa o i dotyczy wszystkich form czasów praeterytalnych w języku polskim i języku bułgarskim. Poza ustaleniem systemowych reguł przekładowych, książka zapewnia wyraziste zestawy autentycznych lub typowych ekwiwalencji przekładowych, nie upraszczając przy tym nawet bardziej skomplikowanych translatorskich odpowiedników polsko-bułgarskich, zwłaszcza w zakresie semantyki i morfologii, ale dążąc do uzyskania maksymalnych odpowiedniości ich funkcji w tekście. Opracowanie kierowane jest do językoznawców, zwłaszcza slawistów, ale też tłumaczy i miłośników szeroko pojętej Słowiańszczyzny w ogóle.

The article describes contemporary ways of qualifying lexical units for monolingual dictionaries, bilingual dictionaries and multilingual dictionaries on the basis of selected and the most recent language corpora tools. The frequency and collocation of lexical units are discussed using language corpora, search engines and IT tools. Occasionalisms are described as units that do not meet formal lexicographical requirements.

У статті описано сучасні умови кваліфікування лексичних одиниць в одно-, дво- і багатомовних словниках на основі вибраних, найновіших корпусних інструментів. Розглянуто такі аспекти, як фреквенція і колокація, верифіковані за допомогою мовних корпусів, пошукових систем та інформаційних інструментів. Описано оказіоналізми як одиниці, що не реалізують формальні лексикографічні вимоги.

This investigation by Vanina Ivanova Sumrova is the first independent and comprehensive study of a lexico-semantic group of neologisms in Bulgarian: new terms denoting women-known as feminitives-that have appeared within the twenty-five years since 1989. More than 1,400 terms are covered; single-word terms, as well as open or closed two-element compounds (of the type biznes sekretarka or bg mama), some of them until now unattested to in studies or dictionaries. The terms are analysed from several perspectives: morphology, semantics, stylistics, codification, sociolinguistics, social culturology, lexicography, and possibilities for future development; all contributing to the multifaceted character of the study.

On the Benefits of Foreign Language Learning Based on Parallel Language CorpusA recently observed strong interest in language corpora, which can be defined as a collection of texts in an electronic format, as well as my work within the European Project Clarin on ‘The Parallel Polish-Bulgarian-Russian Corpus’ became the reason for writing the text concerning the use of the parallel language corpus for learning a foreign language. The article discusses the benefits resulting from the use of such a corpus in learning a foreign language, describes selected corpus language tools supporting the learning process as well as indicates some threats arising from the wrong use of the corpus.

Vanina Sumrova, New feminitives in Bulgarian, published by the Bulgarian Academy of Science “Prof. Marin Drinov”, Sofia 2018, pp. 196. (Ванина Сумрова, Новите феминални названия в българския език, Издателство на БАН „Проф. Марин Дринов“, София 2018, cc. 196.)This investigation by Vanina Ivanova Sumrova is the first independent and comprehensive study of a lexico-semantic group of neologisms in Bulgarian: new terms denoting women – known as feminitives – that have appeared within the twenty-five years since 1989. More than 1,400 terms are covered; single-word terms, as well as open or closed two-element compounds (of the type biznes sekretarka or bg mama), some of them until now unattested to in studies or dictionaries. The terms are analysed from several perspectives: morphology, semantics, stylistics, codification, sociolinguistics, social culturology, lexicography, and possibilities for future development; all contributing to the multifaceted character of the study. Vanina Sumrova...

The article discusses the linguistic consequences of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, such as the emergence of new words and/or an increase in the frequency of use of some already existing words. The paper is based on material from Bulgarian, Czech and Polish. A frequency approach is applied. Although, the outlined linguistic processes are global in nature, several key aspects differentiate the three chosen languages. The linguistic data were collected using online resources, including the National Corpus of Polish, the Czech National Corpus, the Bulgarian National Corpus, the Polish-Bulgarian-Russian Parallel Corpus, popular word browsers and digital dictionaries, media texts and some of the most recent scientific publications. Keywords: pandemic, lexis, word of the year, neologisms, frequency of use, Bulgarian language, Czech language, Polish language