- Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
- Biochemistry, Journal, Software Testing, Endocrinology, Diabetes mellitus, Metabolic syndrome, and 13 moreObesity, Childhood Obesity Prevention; the Use of Technology in Projects to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity; Behavior Change Theories and Their Application to Intervention Design, Thyroid disorders, Cancer, Bioethics, Chemical, Patents, Clinical Sciences, Biological, Research Methodology, Pharmacology, anti-HIV, and Cardiovascular Riskedit
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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate and validate circulating growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) as a discriminating biomarker between highly malignant uterine sarcomas and benign uterine leiomyomas. In addition, we... more
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate and validate circulating growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) as a discriminating biomarker between highly malignant uterine sarcomas and benign uterine leiomyomas. In addition, we investigated whether GDF-15 differed between uterine sarcomas and benign adnexal tumors, ovarian or endometrial cancer, and borderline tumors of the ovary.Materials and MethodsPreoperative blood samples from 19 women with a diagnosis of uterine sarcoma were analyzed for GDF-15 with immunoassay and compared with samples from 50 patients operated on for leiomyoma uteri and with samples from 20 premenopausal and 20 postmenopausal controls. Our previously presented preoperative GDF-15 concentrations in women with borderline (n = 43), benign (n = 144), and malignant ovarian tumors (n = 125), as well as endometrial cancer (n = 510), were used for comparison.ResultsThe median circulating GDF-15 concentration was elevated in the uterine sarcoma group (943 ng/...
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ABSTRACT Aim: We aimed to diagnose latent diabetic hypothyroid patients presenting with symptoms of metabolic syndrome (MS) based on the Adult Treatment Panel-III (ATP-III) guidelines. Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) coexisting... more
ABSTRACT Aim: We aimed to diagnose latent diabetic hypothyroid patients presenting with symptoms of metabolic syndrome (MS) based on the Adult Treatment Panel-III (ATP-III) guidelines. Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) coexisting with thyroid disorders is difficult to manage. With an ever-increasing incidence of both these disorders and an increasing risk of secondary complications due to their coexistence, newer correlative studies are needed for the early diagnosis of these diseases. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 healthy controls and 150 newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients. The patients were selected based on symptomatology and thyroid function tests. They were then analyzed for body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, and apolipoprotein B (apo-B) and apolipoprotein (apo-A 1 ). Statistical Analysis: Analysis was done using the Students "t" test and Spearman's coefficient of correlation. Results: For hypothyroid patients who presented with raised BMI, diastolic hypertension and dyslipidemia were further investigated for underlying latent diabetes. Of the total hypothyroid patients, 53.3% had raised FBS, 48% had diastolic hypertension, 86.6% had hypertriglyceridemia and 66.67% patients fulfilled three conditions for MS as per the ATP-III guidelines. There was highly significant correlation of serum insulin and HOMA-IR with lipid fractions and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk ratios (total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and apo-B/apo-A 1 in hypothyroid patients. Conclusion: All hypothyroid patients should be closely watched for presence of DM and MS for prevention of atherogenic dyslipidemia, which may lead to CVDs. The estimation of serum insulin, apo-A 1 and apo-B, along with the traditional lipid profile may be useful in such patients.
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Background: Fluoride is a noxious element known to destroy gastrointestinal mucosa, leading to erythrocytes' destruction and causing anaemia. The birth weight of newborn babies is a significant indicator of a child's vulnerability... more
Background: Fluoride is a noxious element known to destroy gastrointestinal mucosa, leading to erythrocytes' destruction and causing anaemia. The birth weight of newborn babies is a significant indicator of a child's vulnerability to the risk of childhood diseases and chances of existence. Methods: This prospective cohort study was planned to find linkages between fluorosis and the low-birth weight of newborn babies with anaemic mothers. Antenatal mothers until the 20th week of gestation were followed up till delivery in the Antenatal Clinic of a District Hospital in one of the known fluoride-endemic districts (Nagaur) and the other not-so-endemic district (Jodhpur) of Western Rajasthan. Results: Around 19% of the newborn in Jodhpur and around 22% in Nagaur had low birth weight. Mean fluoride values in water samples were measured to be 0.57 (range from 0.0 to 2.7 PPM) in Jodhpur and 0.7 (range from 0.0 to 3.4 PPM) in Nagaur. Conclusions: Thus, in fluoride endemic areas, othe...
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Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder with severe comorbidities. A multiomics approach can facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers with proper validation of potential microRNA... more
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder with severe comorbidities. A multiomics approach can facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers with proper validation of potential microRNA (miRNA) interactions. Objective The aim of this study was to identify significant differentially expressed common target genes in various tissues and their regulating miRNAs from publicly available Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets of patients with T2DM using in silico analysis. Methods Using differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified from 5 publicly available T2DM data sets, we performed functional enrichment, coexpression, and network analyses to identify pathways, protein-protein interactions, and miRNA-mRNA interactions involved in T2DM. Results We extracted 2852, 8631, 5501, 3662, and 3753 DEGs from the expression profiles of GEO data sets GSE38642, GSE25724, GSE20966, GSE26887, and GSE23343, respectively. DEG analysis showed that ...
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BackgroundNutritional deficiency is associated with weaken immune system and increased susceptibility to infection. Among other nutrients, several trace elements have been shown to regulate immune responses. Iron is one of the most... more
BackgroundNutritional deficiency is associated with weaken immune system and increased susceptibility to infection. Among other nutrients, several trace elements have been shown to regulate immune responses. Iron is one of the most abundant trace elements present in our body, which is required in various biological processes. Iron has an immunomodulatory function and thus influence the susceptibility to the course and outcome of a variety of viral infections. So, this present study was aimed to study relations of different iron-related biomarkers in association to severity and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 patients.Materials and methodsA total of 150 individuals infected with COVID-19 and 50 healthy individuals were recruited. Cases were divided based on severity (mild, moderate, and severe) and outcome (discharged or deceased). Serum iron, TIBC, ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation levels were analyzed by the direct colourimetric method.ResultsIn cases the median levels of serum iron, TIBC, transferrin, transferrin saturation and ferritin are 29 µg/dL, 132.53 µg/dL, 106.3 mg/dL, 17.74 % and 702.9 ng/dL respectively. Similarly, in controls the median levels of serum iron, TIBC, transferrin, transferrin saturation and ferritin are 53 µg/dL, 391.88 µg/dL, 313.51 mg/dL, 12.81 % and 13.52 ng/dL respectively. On comparing the cases with the controls, a significant lower level of iron, TIBC, and transferrin were found in the cases along with the significant higher levels of ferritin and transferrin saturation. On comparing the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of Iron, Ferritin, Transferrin, Transferrin sat % and TIBC in relation to survival in COVID-19 patients it was found that iron, followed by transferrin and ferritin has the highest area under the curve (AUC) with 74 %, 63 % and 61 % respectively. Further, in pairwise analysis of ROC curve, a significant difference was found between the Iron-transferrin (p < 0.01), iron-TIBC (p < 0.001) and transferrin-ferritin (P < 0.01). The multiple regression model based on Iron and transferrin outperformed any other combination of variables via stepwise AIC selection with an AUC of 98.2 %. The cutoff point according to Youden’s J index is characterized with a sensitivity of 98 % and a specificity of 96.8 %, indicating that iron along with transferrin can be a useful marker that may contribute to a better assessment of survival chances in COVID-19.ConclusionOur study demonstrated a significantly decreased levels of iron, TIBC, & transferrin and a significantly increased levels of ferritin and transferrin saturation in COVID-19 patients when compared with controls. Further, Iron and transferrin were observed to be a good predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19. From the above analysis we confirm that iron-related biomarkers play an important role in the development of oxidative stress and further lead to activation of the cytokine storm. So, continuous monitoring of these parameters could be helpful in the early detection of individuals developing the severe disease and can be used to decrease mortality in upcoming new waves of COVID-19.
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Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-tih-10.1177_07482337211019172 for Effect of occupational co-exposure to lead and cadmium on selected immunomodulatory cytokines by Taru Goyal, Prasenjit Mitra, Preeti Singh, Shailja Sharma, Purvi Purohit... more
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-tih-10.1177_07482337211019172 for Effect of occupational co-exposure to lead and cadmium on selected immunomodulatory cytokines by Taru Goyal, Prasenjit Mitra, Preeti Singh, Shailja Sharma, Purvi Purohit and Praveen Sharma in Toxicology and Industrial Health
Introduction: Role of T cells in VAT inflammation is poorly characterised. Perforin deficiency is associated with autoimmune inflammatory diseases like Hemophagocytosis Lymphohistiocytosis,as also in context of type 1 DM pathogenesis.... more
Introduction: Role of T cells in VAT inflammation is poorly characterised. Perforin deficiency is associated with autoimmune inflammatory diseases like Hemophagocytosis Lymphohistiocytosis,as also in context of type 1 DM pathogenesis. Data from animal models suggest that perforin deficiency leads to VAT inflammation1Objective: We hypothesized CD8+/perf+ and CD56+/perf+ cells to be decreased in type 2 DM as compared to healthy controls. The present study also explored the difference in activation of T/NK cells between two groups Methods: 2×2 cm omental tissue was obtained from subjects undergoing elective abdominal surgery. The sample was transported in RPMI solution and stored in -80 ℃. Processing involved thawing, incubation at 37.6 ℃ for 24 hours with type IV Collagenase (1 mg/ml, Sigma Aldrich) 1ml/g of tissue,centrifuge (32g for 10 min at 10℃). The resultant Stromal Vascular fraction (SVF) was suspended in phosphate buffer saline (PBS), passed through cell strainer to make singl...
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Riddhi Girdhar Agarwal All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur Purvi Purohit ( dr.purvipurohit@gmail.com ) All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodphur https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8559-2911 Manoj Khokhar All India Institute... more
Riddhi Girdhar Agarwal All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur Purvi Purohit ( dr.purvipurohit@gmail.com ) All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodphur https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8559-2911 Manoj Khokhar All India Institute of Medical Sciences jodhpur Anupama Modi All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur Nitin Kumar Bajpai All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur Gopal Krishna Bohra All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur Mahendra Kumar Garg All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur Praveen Sharma All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur
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Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by an increase in urinary albumin excretion, diabetic glomerular lesions, and a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We assessed the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN),... more
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by an increase in urinary albumin excretion, diabetic glomerular lesions, and a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We assessed the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), nuclear factor kappa-β (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), and microRNA-181 in healthy controls (HC), individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without nephropathy, and those with DN. Our study investigated the association between these genes, insulin resistance (IR), and eGFR to gain insight into their roles in the pathogenesis and progression of DN. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests were conducted on HC (N = 36), T2DM (N = 38) patients, and DN (N = 35) patients. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for whole blood gene expression analysis and performed bioinformatics analyses, including protein–protein interaction, gene ontology, and co-expression networks. We compared our expression data with other GE...
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Research Interests: Medicine and Creatinine
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BACKGROUND Childhood Lead (Pb) toxicity has been an ongoing concern for decades; however, its underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Although its prevalence has come down in developed countries (USA, Europe); it is relatively high in... more
BACKGROUND Childhood Lead (Pb) toxicity has been an ongoing concern for decades; however, its underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Although its prevalence has come down in developed countries (USA, Europe); it is relatively high in low to middle-income countries of South-East Asia. The current study aimed to evaluate the association of blood lead levels (BLLs) with neurobehavioral alterations and changes in Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) expression in Indian school children. METHODOLOGY School going children in age group of 9-15 years (N = 72) were included in the study. Neurobehavioral changes were assessed using Childhood Psychopathological Measurement Schedule (CPMS) and BLL were measured by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (GFAAS). BDNF mRNA expression and serum BDNF levels were assessed by Real-Time PCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Median BLL was 4.95 μg/dL (IQR = 4.47), very close to the recommended toxic cut off levels (<5 μg/dL). BLLs had a direct correlation with both CPMS scores and BDNF expression. Depression was found to be significantly higher in boys than in girls with high BLLs. BDNF mRNA expression and serum BDNF levels were higher among children with high BLL, although not to significant levels. CONCLUSION We report a significant association of neurobehavioral changes with the prevalence of high Pb levels in Indian children. Additionally significant correlation of BDNF with BLL in these children suggests a causal role of BDNF in Pb induced neurological damage.
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Multi‑omics integration and interactomics reveals molecular networks and regulators of the beneficial effect of yoga and exercise <br>
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Introduction Existing diagnostic biomarkers of breast cancer (BC) are limited by poor sensitivity. In this study, we evaluated the role of serum GDF-15 in early BC diagnosis, independently and in combination with CA15-3, a known blood... more
Introduction Existing diagnostic biomarkers of breast cancer (BC) are limited by poor sensitivity. In this study, we evaluated the role of serum GDF-15 in early BC diagnosis, independently and in combination with CA15-3, a known blood biomarker of BC. Material and methods A total of 113 diagnosed, pre-therapy BC patients and 54 healthy controls were recruited. Clinical characteristics, TNM staging, and hormone receptor status of the patients were recorded. Serum GDF-15 and serum CA15-3 were measured by sandwich ELISA and chemiluminescence assay, respectively. Results The serum GDF-15 levels were significantly (p<0.001) elevated in BC patients compared to healthy controls and in patients with larger tumor size, advanced disease stage, and distant metastasis. ROC analysis revealed that at the cut-off of 525.77 pg/mL, GDF-15 had greater sensitivity than CA15-3. GDF-15 and CA15-3 performed better in combination than individually, with the combined test having an AUC of 0.85 and sensi...
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MicroRNAs have been widely acknowledged as a diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic biomarker for the progression of OSCC, but the correlation of hsa-miR-101-5p and hsa-miR-155-3p is yet to be established with c-Fos in OSCC and OSMF.... more
MicroRNAs have been widely acknowledged as a diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic biomarker for the progression of OSCC, but the correlation of hsa-miR-101-5p and hsa-miR-155-3p is yet to be established with c-Fos in OSCC and OSMF. An observational study enrolled 40 patients divided into 2 groups: Group I—21 OSMF patients without malignant transformation, Group II—19 patients with locally advanced, large-operable, or metastatic OSCC, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both miRNAs were extracted and analyzed from the tissue sample excised from the involved site. The linear regression analysis of the expression of hsa-miR-155-3p, hsa-miR-101-5p, and levels of c-fos in OSMF and OSCC patients and its correlation for habits, age, and gender were evaluated. The expression of hsa-miR-101-5p was 0.81 times downregulated in OSCC tissue compared to OSMF, whereas hsa-miR-155-3p and c-fos were both upregulated 9.30 times and 1.75 times, respectively, in OSCC tissue. In Gutkh...
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Forensic medicine has, for a long time, been relying on biochemical, anthropologic, and histopathologic evidences in solving various investigations. However, depending on the method used, lengthy sample processing time, scanty sample, and... more
Forensic medicine has, for a long time, been relying on biochemical, anthropologic, and histopathologic evidences in solving various investigations. However, depending on the method used, lengthy sample processing time, scanty sample, and less sensitivity and accuracy pervade these procedures. Accordingly, newer arenas such as the thanatomicrobiome have come forward to aid in its quandaries; furthermore, the parallel advances in genomic and proteomic techniques have complemented and are still emerging to be used in forensic experiments and investigations. Postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the most important aspects of medico-legal investigations. The current trend in PMI estimation is toward genomic analyses of autopsy samples. Similarly, determination of cause of death, although a domain of medical sciences, is being targeted as the next level of forensic casework. With the current trend in laboratory sciences moving to the discovery of newer disease-specific markers for diagnost...
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Substance use disorders are known to be associated with inflammation. However, the dynamics of inflammatory cytokines and microRNA in chronic opium use is yet unexplored. The current study determined the levels of inflammatory cytokines... more
Substance use disorders are known to be associated with inflammation. However, the dynamics of inflammatory cytokines and microRNA in chronic opium use is yet unexplored. The current study determined the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and immune-regulatory miR-155 and miR-187 expressions in chronic opioid use disorder. Adults ( n = 48) meeting the 5th Edition of the DSM criteria regarding opioid use disorder and healthy controls ( n = 46) were included in the study. Inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α were analyzed from serum samples, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells processed for miRNA expression. Cases showed significantly raised IL-10 and TNF-α and reduced IL-6. Dose-dependent upregulation of miR-155-5p and miR-187-5p was evident at opium dose >1500 g/month, with a corresponding increase of TNF-α and IL-10. MiR-155 showed a significant positive correlation with IL-6 and TNF-α levels, while miR-187 showed a significant negative association with TNF-α at ≥1000 g/month consumption. Therefore, increasing consumption of opium probably enhances inflammation leading to immunomodulation and aberrant expression of hsa-miR-155-5p and hsa-miR-187-5p in opioid use disorder.
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Obesity increases the risk of the development of several malignancies. The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) depot is one of the pivotal contributors behind the obesity-related pathogenetic mechanisms. In this study, we analyzed the... more
Obesity increases the risk of the development of several malignancies. The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) depot is one of the pivotal contributors behind the obesity-related pathogenetic mechanisms. In this study, we analyzed the differential gene expression profile in the VAT of obese children using two Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. GSE29718 and GSE9624 were sorted and 68 common differentially expressed genes (DEG) with fold change 1.5 upregulation or downregulation (cutoff |logFC|≥0.58496) were obtained. Gene ontology and functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for the DEG were analyzed in Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), which revealed 37 biological processes, 3 cellular components, and 1 molecular function to be significantly associated. Reactome pathway analysis showed the DEG to be involved in- one carbon pool by folate, glycine degradation, transcriptional regulation by TP53, ERK inactivation, G1/S-specific transcript...
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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 is characterized by the elevation of a wide spectrum of inflammatory mediators which are associated with poor disease outcomes. We aimed at an in-silico analysis of regulatory microRNA and their... more
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 is characterized by the elevation of a wide spectrum of inflammatory mediators which are associated with poor disease outcomes. We aimed at an in-silico analysis of regulatory microRNA and their transcription factors (TF) for these inflammatory genes that may help to devise potential therapeutic strategies in the future. Methods: The cytokine regulating immune-expressed genes (CRIEG) were sorted from literature and GEO microarray dataset and their co-differentially expressed miRNA and transcription factors were predicted from publicly available databases. Enrichment analysis was done through mienturnet, MiEAA, and Gene Ontology, and pathways predicted by KEGG and Reactome pathways. The functional and regulatory features were analyzed and visualized through Cytoscape. Results: Sixteen CRIEG were observed to have a significant protein-protein interaction network. The ontological analysis revealed significantly enriched pathways for biological proce...