alperen meral
Bingol University, Bingöl, Faculty Member
The present study aimed to determine the total and net erosion in the Capakcur watershed, which has a high erosion risk. Accordingly, annual soil loss in the Capakcur watershed was estimated using RUSLE. Net erosion, on the other hand,... more
The present study aimed to determine the total and net erosion in the Capakcur watershed, which has a high erosion risk. Accordingly, annual soil loss in the Capakcur watershed was estimated using RUSLE. Net erosion, on the other hand, was measured directly by determining the monthly flow rate and sediment concentrations of the Capakcur stream, which originated from the Capakcur watershed and flowed into the Murat River, throughout 2019. Soil loss in the Capakcur watershed was estimated to be 96916.20 tons.yr-1. The amount of soil transported from the Capakcur stream was 68656.09 tons.yr-1. According to these results, the sediment delivery ratio (SDR) was calculated as 0.78. This ratio was well above the average of Turkey. The main reasons for the high SDR are the topographic factors (slope length and degree), rainfall, and low vegetation closure ratio in the watershed. Due to the high SDR, the fertile upper soil layers from the basins are carried to the streams. This causes both th...
Günümüzde agro-turizm faaliyetleri her geçen gün daha da önem kazanan turizm etkinliklerinden birisiolarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Son zamanlarda agro-turizm faaliyetleri, başta gelişen ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerolmak üzere hem kırsal... more
Günümüzde agro-turizm faaliyetleri her geçen gün daha da önem kazanan turizm etkinliklerinden birisiolarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Son zamanlarda agro-turizm faaliyetleri, başta gelişen ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerolmak üzere hem kırsal kalkınmanın sağlanması hem de biyoçeşitlilik ve ekosistemi korumaya katkıda bulunmakamacıyla çeşitli kuruluşlar tarafından da desteklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada Bingöl İli Yamaç Mikrohavzası örnekalınarak Murat Nehri Havzası Rehabilitasyon Projesi uygulaması sonrasındaki agro-turizm potansiyelibelirlenmekte ve kırsal kalkınma açısından bölgeyi destekleyici öneriler geliştirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda projeuygulamasının öncesi ve sonrası CBS ve senaryo analizleri yardımıyla belirlenmiş olup mevcut tarımsal arazilerindurumu, alanın agro-turizme uygunluğu, bölgede agro-turizm açısından yapılacak faaliyetler, agro-turizmfaaliyetleri içindeki yeri ve gücü sorularına yanıt aranmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı, bölgede en çok yapılantarımsal faaliyetler açısından (c...
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WOS: 000430372900024Plants are important components of native landscape should be handled in accordance with their features, enabling them to be recognized, defined and utilized in natural and cultural environments. Road corridors are the... more
WOS: 000430372900024Plants are important components of native landscape should be handled in accordance with their features, enabling them to be recognized, defined and utilized in natural and cultural environments. Road corridors are the best places to observe changes related to succession and fragmentation in native vegetation in the mountainside. In the present study, carried out in the road corridors in the mountainside within the boundaries of Trabzon province in Turkey. It was aimed to define the vegetation visually and ecologically based on the native landscape features. While native plant compositions were ecologically defined, they were approached as an ecological corridor. Patch Analyses based on landscape metrics in the vegetation around this ecological corridor were carried out via GIS. As for visual studies, photographing, visualization and surveys were used to define the design elements and design principles of plant composition and the visual effects they had. Thus, come up in planting design, it was determined according to which design principle design elements came together and what kind of a visual effect appeared. In the final phase, the relationships between the values produced by ecological and visual parameters were stated. Consequently, some significant relationships were found out between patch analysis metrics and visual parameters, area metrics and potential effect of seasonal change of native compositions, habitat features and fragmentation values etc
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Demir, Yasin/0000-0002-0117-8471WOS: 000477688700060Erosion is a serious problem all over the world as in Turkey. The main cause of erosion in Turkey is the destruction of natural resources. The productivity function of lands is decreased... more
Demir, Yasin/0000-0002-0117-8471WOS: 000477688700060Erosion is a serious problem all over the world as in Turkey. The main cause of erosion in Turkey is the destruction of natural resources. The productivity function of lands is decreased due to the transported soil along with various minerals and organic matter, dams loss their functions long before their estimated economic life, and floods cause the loss of life and property. The negative effects of erosion on structures of natural areas can be diminished by landscape rehabilitation studies. Within the scope of this study, 855,716 ha area including Yelesen, Saban and Ortakoy villages in the Capakcur Microcatchment of the Bingol Province Central District was investigated and soil samples were collected. Landscape analysis was carried out for water, erosion and habitat functions, which are the most important components of the planning stage for the landscape rehabilitation studies. This study was also conducted to determine the erosion sensitivity and measures to be taken for a total of 855,716 ha land. The results showed that 11.68% (100,097 ha) of the study area is within the 1st degree sensitivity class, 5.24% (26,625ha) is in the 2nd degree sensitivity class, 16.15% (138,335ha) is in the 3rd degree of erosion sensitivity class and 69.03% (590,659 ha) is in 4th degree of sensitivity class. Plant growth, soil improvement, water quality, drainage, slope sensitivity and erosion status in the repaired areas should be periodically monitored after the completion of all operations. Fieldworks should be finalized with the completion and renewal planting following the erosion monitoring
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The growing world population has made establishing new agricultural areas and increasing the fertility of current areas necessary. In terms of yield and productivity, sandy soils are generally poor in terms of crop production and require... more
The growing world population has made establishing new agricultural areas and increasing the fertility of current areas necessary. In terms of yield and productivity, sandy soils are generally poor in terms of crop production and require good management in terms of plant production. Due to their large pores, they possess high water conduction capacities, however their water holding capacity is low. Water movement in these soils is formed as a result of directing by gravity and adhesive forces. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of walnut shell biochar (WS), farm manure (FM) and worm manure (VC) on the water movement in the horizontal and vertical direction in the soil. Soil was mixed with soil organic matter (SOM) at different doses (0%, 1%, 2%, 4% or 8%). Following the incubation period, water movement was observed in the soil irrigated with a constant debit. As a result of the research, it was determined that FM and VC applications increased the wetting distances in horizontal direction. In addition, increased doses of SOM increased the horizontal wetting distance (p <0.001). Similarly, increased doses of SOM were determined to decrease the wetting distance in the vertical direction.
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Objective: Main purpose of this study is to identify the ruderal plant species which spontaneously grows on the wall and roof surfaces in urban and sub-urban areas due to their limited ecological needs and to contribute to the creating of... more
Objective: Main purpose of this study is to identify the ruderal plant species which spontaneously grows on the wall and roof surfaces in urban and sub-urban areas due to their limited ecological needs and to contribute to the creating of the sustainable green areas in urban environments by understanding the parameters that ruderals depend on while they require little maintenance and irrigation support if not no. Material and Methods: The main material of this study is the ruderal plants which were collected from totally 60 walls and 36 roof surfaces within six districts of Trabzon city –Akçaabat, Arsin, Çaykara, Of, Ortahisar and Yomra in Turkey. From these 96 habitats, 1540 plants samples form the walls and 448 plant samples from the roofs were collected. All the plant samples collected from the research area were identified in the herbarium of the faculty of forestry in Karadeniz Technical University. Apart from this, parametres affecting coverage rate of comm...
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In this study, grapevine, which epitomizes the opinion that vertical gardens can have a positive influence on human psychology with their beautiful view as in the example of hanging gardens of Babylon about 2500 years ago, was used as the... more
In this study, grapevine, which epitomizes the opinion that vertical gardens can have a positive influence on human psychology with their beautiful view as in the example of hanging gardens of Babylon about 2500 years ago, was used as the research material. The study in question was conducted in Bingol University, Faculty of Agriculture, the Department of Garden Plants research and application area in 2016. The offshoot growth was measured in fertilizer experiment formed as control, 1st application (200 gr/100 lt water, leaf) and 2nd application (100 gr/100 lt water+40% leaf+root) and its footprint in the vertical area was determined. While the average offshoot growth of 1103 P American grapevine rootstock in the 1st and 2nd applications was measured as 61,5 cm and 39,5 cm respectively, it was 43,0 cm and 51,0 for C American grapevine rootstock. The average growth of 1103 P and 1616 C American grapevine in the control group was determined as 30,6 cm and 32,1 cm. The average growth o...
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As the communication between quality outdoor spaces and their residents emerged as a subject of scientific study, landscape architecture has come to mean much more than the embellishment of the environment. Its importance has grown... more
As the communication between quality outdoor spaces and their residents emerged as a subject of scientific study, landscape architecture has come to mean much more than the embellishment of the environment. Its importance has grown further with the increasing awareness of the rapidly depleting natural resources. Therefore, many official and private legal and natural entities started to view landscaping projects as a matter of prestige, self-expression and branding. Vakfikebir, a city located on the northeast coast of Turkey and one of the largest cities of Trabzon, is one of the cities putting forth efforts in pursuit of this goal. In search for creating opportunities for its residents to spend quality time near River Fol, a river flowing through the city, a landscaping project was commenced in response to the request of the Municipality of Vakfikebir. The most pronounced request of the Municipality was to repurpose this unused area for the use of the residents and create a distinct...
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Agriculture and tourism completes each other in terms of common features. The relation between the two, longing of people for natural life, and excessive consumption of natural sources, integrates agriculture and tourism in a common... more
Agriculture and tourism completes each other in terms of common features. The relation between the two, longing of people for natural life, and excessive consumption of natural sources, integrates agriculture and tourism in a common denominator and exposes agro-tourism. Agro-tourism which based on the idea; protect and use, means a kind of sustained tourism without harming agricultural areas. As a rural development means agro-tourism contributes to increase income level depending on activities of the local people and their socio-cultural lives who esspecially living in a rural area. VCMc, which is located in Bingöl city, East of Turkey province, starts from the villages of Balgöze, Bayirli, Binekli, Çanakci, Çaytepe, Dilektasi, Doğanevler, Elmagunu, Gözutok, Kepceli, Kocsirti, Mesedali, Pinaralti, Sarmakaya, Yağizca, Yenisu, Yiğitbasi. The altitude of the CpMc changes between 1000 and 3000 meters. The area of VCMc is 28592,2 hectares. Demand for organic foods and requirement to prod...
Kentlesme siklikla endustrilesme ile iliskilendirilen bir kavramdir ve dunyanin endustrilesme hizina bagli olarak, kentlesme hizi da onlenemez bir sekilde artmaktadir. Kentlesme hizindaki bu artisin en onemli sonuclarindan biri de giderek... more
Kentlesme siklikla endustrilesme ile iliskilendirilen bir kavramdir ve dunyanin endustrilesme hizina bagli olarak, kentlesme hizi da onlenemez bir sekilde artmaktadir. Kentlesme hizindaki bu artisin en onemli sonuclarindan biri de giderek azalan dogal kaynaklar uzerindeki ciddi baskilar hissedilmektedir. Yatay duzlemlerin sahip olduklar i ekonomik degerler nedeniyle yesil alan yaratmak icin icin fazla pahali oldugu dusunulen kentler, ciddi yesil altyapi eksikligi cekmektedirler. Bu pahalilik ayrica tarimsal alanlari kentlerin disina dogru itmekte ve yer azligi nedeniyle ureticileri pek cok bitki buyumeyi duzenleyici madde kullanmaya mecbur birakmaktadir. Tum bu kimyasallarin kullaniminin gida kalitesini etkiledigine dair gorusler oldukca guclu bir bicimde gundemde yer tutarken, bu maddeler cevre kirliligine de sebep olmaktadir. Bu maddelerin yarilanma omurleri uzun olup, toprakta, sebze ve meyveler uzerinde kalmakta ve besin zinciri ile de insana kadar ulasmaktadir. Yer pahaliligi v...
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Anthropogenic activities due to increasing population and traffic density are responsible for a great portion of highway pollution. The heavy metal accumulation in highway routes poses a risk both for agricultural areas and residential... more
Anthropogenic activities due to increasing population and traffic density are responsible for a great portion of highway pollution. The heavy metal accumulation in highway routes poses a risk both for agricultural areas and residential areas. The study investigated the changes in heavy metal accumulation along a 200 km long portion of the D300 highway passing through Elazig, Bingol, and Mus, cities located in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The heavy metal accumulation in 46 soil samples collected in 2018 and 2019 from 5 different land classes was analyzed using the ICP-MS device in an accredited laboratory. The analysis results were explained using different statistical methods depending on the standard, annual change, land class, and vegetation. Although the majority of the soil samples were within acceptable levels, the chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) levels of certain samples were above the standard levels. Considering the land classes, compared with other areas, residentia...
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Türkiye bitki çeĢitliliği açısından oldukça zengin bir doğal bitki örtüsüne sahiptir. Yüksek çeĢitlilikteki doğal bitki örtüsü içerisinde yer alan birçok ağaç, çalı ve otsu karaktere sahip bitki türleri bulunmaktadır. Doğal bitki türleri... more
Türkiye bitki çeĢitliliği açısından oldukça zengin bir doğal bitki örtüsüne sahiptir. Yüksek çeĢitlilikteki doğal bitki örtüsü içerisinde yer alan birçok ağaç, çalı ve otsu karaktere sahip bitki türleri bulunmaktadır. Doğal bitki türleri bulundukları coğrafyada kullanıldıklarında yöre koĢullarına en iyi adapte olabilen türler olmaktadırlar. Peyzaj mimarlığı uygulamalarında bakım maliyetlerinin azaltılması, sağlıklı bir bitki dokusu sağlanması, yerel çevreye uyum, çevre kalitesinin iyileĢtirilmesi gibi nedenlerle doğal türlerin kullanılması büyük önem taĢımaktadır. Türkiye’de özellikle doğal kaynak yönetimleri açısından yaĢam birliktelikleri son derece önem kazanmaya baĢlamıĢtır. Özellikle Batı Karadeniz bölgesi gerek içermiĢ olduğu tür zenginliği ve gerekse de yaĢam birliktelikleri çeĢitliliği ile dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalıĢmada Düzce Kent Merkezi çevresinde envanteri çıkarılmıĢ olan endemik bitki türleri mevsimsel olarak gözlemlenmiĢ ve bu bitkilerin estetik ve fonksiyonel yönden ...
PurposeOne of the problems that urbanization creates on the ecosystem is the increase of heavy metal accumulation of the urban lands. Due to constant urbanization and industrialization in many parts of the world, metals are constantly... more
PurposeOne of the problems that urbanization creates on the ecosystem is the increase of heavy metal accumulation of the urban lands. Due to constant urbanization and industrialization in many parts of the world, metals are constantly spreading to the environment and pose a great threat to human health. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of heavy metal accumulation values of the lands located in Bingöl city center on the urban ecosystem by examining them in terms of zonal and land-use classification.Design/methodology/approachThe research was conducted on 30 samples taken from five zones and six land-use classes (traffic area-TA, school area-SA, commercial-industry area-CA, green space-GS, residential area-RA and open space-OS). Heavy metal deposits of soil samples were determined in accredited laboratories using the Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) device. The study employed the SPSS program for statis...
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The present study aims to use the Bingol city center and agricultural plain as a base in future flood management plans and scenarios through flood modeling. In accordance with this purpose, the precipitation map of the catchment was... more
The present study aims to use the Bingol city center and agricultural plain as a base in future flood management plans and scenarios through flood modeling. In accordance with this purpose, the precipitation map of the catchment was prepared using the Kriging method by assigning values, with the Schreiber formula. Then, the slope, aspect, distance to the stream, land use, geology, soil, and precipitation maps were classified according to the analytical hierarchy process, and consistency indices and consistency ratios were calculated; thus, the factors affecting the flood were ranked as precipitation (CI 0.324), distance to the stream (CI 0.207), slope (CI 0.168), geology (CI 0.101), soil (CI 0.091), land use (CI 0.087), and aspect (CI 0.022). In the last step, consistency indices calculated by the AHP method were superposed on the weighted sum method, and then flood risk analysis was performed.
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The reserves of water, which is one of the most important requirements for human life, gradually decreases under current conditions and rapidly depletes despite being one of the renewable resources. Considering the global water reserves,... more
The reserves of water, which is one of the most important requirements for human life, gradually decreases under current conditions and rapidly depletes despite being one of the renewable resources. Considering the global water reserves, it became imperative to implement measures to protect the anticipated water reserves. The fact that the amount of quality water per capita decreases every day in the world and the increasing competition in water management could be considered among the indicators of the above-mentioned case. In recent years, as the effects of this adversity became increasingly more evident, several sustainable methods were adopted all over the world such as rain gardens and rainwater storage facilities. These sustainable techniques could be observed in many areas, especially in urban centers. In the present study, the area with the highest water collection was determined at Karadeniz Technical University Kanuni Campus and identified as the study area. Precipitation ...
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Children with cancer are at high risk for hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infections due to immunosup-pression secondary to chemotherapy and multiple transfu-sions of blood products during the course of their disease. HBV and HCV... more
Children with cancer are at high risk for hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infections due to immunosup-pression secondary to chemotherapy and multiple transfu-sions of blood products during the course of their disease. HBV and HCV infections in the majority of these ...
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The importance of open green spaces in cities is increasing every day. These areas are the air supply of cities and citizens and have an important place in the urban fabric due to the roles they assume after disasters. The earthquake... more
The importance of open green spaces in cities is increasing every day. These areas are the air supply of cities and citizens and have an important place in the urban fabric due to the roles they assume after disasters. The earthquake studies in Turkey have accelerated after the Marmara earthquake in 1999 due to which 18373 people had lost their lives. After the earthquake, the importance of open green spaces that can be used for sheltering, housing and evacuation purposes has become clear and their deficiency has attracted attention. The study aims to reveal ana analyze the functions that will be assumed by open green spaces after an earthquake in the central district of Bingol, a city in the first-degree seismic zone in Turkey, the carrying capacity and locations of the green spaces and their adequacy using different analysis methods. The study firstly examines the importance and adequacy of the open urban green spaces with respect to rapid urbanization-induced intense housing. In ...
Günümüzde doğal ve kültürel kaynaklar hızla tükenmekte ancak buna karşılık etkili olabilecek koruma yaklaşımları sergilenememektedir. Mevcut kaynaklar da yanlış alan kullanımları ve yoğun kullanımlar neticesinde yok olma tehlikesi ile... more
Günümüzde doğal ve kültürel kaynaklar hızla tükenmekte ancak buna karşılık etkili olabilecek koruma yaklaşımları sergilenememektedir. Mevcut kaynaklar da yanlış alan kullanımları ve yoğun kullanımlar neticesinde yok olma tehlikesi ile karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Doğru ve etkili kaynak yönetimi ve plan kararlarının alınabilmesi için, ekolojik yapının korumasını hedef alan optimal alan kullanımlarının hassas bir şekilde belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Doğal kaynakların en belirgin sınırlarını küçük, orta ve büyük ölçekte havzalar belirlemektedir. Havza bazında ele alınan ekolojik doğal kaynak envanteri yerel ölçekte en önemli oluşumunu da mikro havzalar özelinde ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; mikro havza planlamasına yardımcı olması açısından alandaki mevcut sorunlar ve alanın sahip olduğu doğal ve kültürel olanaklar alanında uzman kişiler ve mikro havza sakinlerinin görüşleri doğrultusunda belirlemek ve bu yönde öneriler geliştirilmesine olanak sağlamaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışma; Bingöl ili Çapakçur Mikro Havzası sahip olduğu doğal ve kültürel kaynakları ile tarım ve rekreasyonel açıdan önemli bir potansiyelleri araştırılmıştır. Bu kaynakların belirlenerek mikro havzanın bu veriler doğrultusunda planlanması, doğallığın korunması ve sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması açısından çok önemlidir. Sor-Sapta-Çözümle (Sor-Sap-Çöz) analizleri gerçekleştirilerek, yapılan bu çalışmanın sonucunda da alanın en belirgin sorunları; rekreasyon imkanlarının varlığına rağmen planlamaların olmadığı, sulama yapılarının yetersizliği ve bakımsızlığı, yayla yollarının kullanılamaz halde oluşu, arıcılık ve tarımsal faaliyetlerin yetersizliği, heyelan ve erozyon yapılarının eksikliği nedeniyle yaşanan toprak kayıpları ve yeterli doğal kaynaklara sahip olunmasına rağmen (rüzgar, güneş, su) yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının verimli kullanılamaması olarak belirlenmiştir. Doğal kaynakların bilinçsiz kullanımı ve orman tahribatının çokluğu da mikro havzanın sürdürülebilir kullanımı açısından büyük tehdit oluşturduğu çalışmanın bir diğer önemli sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmıştır.
Today, natural and cultural resources are rapidly consuming, but conservation approaches that can be effective cannot be exhibited. Existing sources also face the danger of extinction due to improper field uses and intensive use. In order to ensure correct and effective resource management and planning decisions, the use of optimal areas aimed at protection of ecological building must be precisely identified. The most prominent limits of natural resources are found on small, medium and large scale basins. The ecological natural resource inventory dealt with basin reveals the most important formation on the local scale in terms of microcatchments. The purpose of this study is; in terms of helping microcatchment planning, to determine the current problems in the area and the natural and cultural possibilities that the area has, in line with the opinions of experts and microhabitants, and to develop suggestions accordingly. Working towards this goal; Bingöl Province Çapakçur Microcatchment has been investigated with its natural and cultural resources and potentials in terms of agriculture and recreation. Determining these sources and planning microcatchment in TÜRK TARIM ve DOĞA BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ TURKISH JOURNAL of AGRICULTURAL and NATURAL SCIENCES https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.679893
Today, natural and cultural resources are rapidly consuming, but conservation approaches that can be effective cannot be exhibited. Existing sources also face the danger of extinction due to improper field uses and intensive use. In order to ensure correct and effective resource management and planning decisions, the use of optimal areas aimed at protection of ecological building must be precisely identified. The most prominent limits of natural resources are found on small, medium and large scale basins. The ecological natural resource inventory dealt with basin reveals the most important formation on the local scale in terms of microcatchments. The purpose of this study is; in terms of helping microcatchment planning, to determine the current problems in the area and the natural and cultural possibilities that the area has, in line with the opinions of experts and microhabitants, and to develop suggestions accordingly. Working towards this goal; Bingöl Province Çapakçur Microcatchment has been investigated with its natural and cultural resources and potentials in terms of agriculture and recreation. Determining these sources and planning microcatchment in TÜRK TARIM ve DOĞA BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ TURKISH JOURNAL of AGRICULTURAL and NATURAL SCIENCES https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.679893
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Kentleşme sıklıkla endüstrileşme ile ilişkilendirilen bir kavramdır ve dünyanın endüstrileşme hızına bağlı olarak, kentleşme hızı da önlenemez bir şekilde artmaktadır. Kentleşme hızındaki bu artışın en önemli sonuçlarından biri de giderek... more
Kentleşme sıklıkla endüstrileşme ile ilişkilendirilen bir kavramdır ve dünyanın endüstrileşme hızına bağlı olarak, kentleşme hızı da önlenemez bir şekilde artmaktadır. Kentleşme hızındaki bu artışın en önemli sonuçlarından biri de giderek azalan doğal kaynaklar üzerindeki ciddi baskılar hissedilmektedir. Yatay düzlemlerin sahip oldukları ekonomik değerler nedeniyle yeşil alan yaratmak için için fazla pahalı olduğu düşünülen kentler, ciddi yeşil altyapı eksikliği çekmektedirler. Bu pahalılık ayrıca tarımsal alanları kentlerin dışına doğru itmekte ve yer azlığı nedeniyle üreticileri pek çok bitki büyümeyi düzenleyici madde kullanmaya mecbur bırakmaktadır. Tüm bu kimyasalların kullanımının gıda kalitesini etkilediğine dair görüşler oldukça güçlü bir biçimde gündemde yer tutarken, bu maddeler çevre kirliliğine de sebep olmaktadır. Bu maddelerin yarılanma ömürleri uzun olup, toprakta, sebze ve meyveler üzerinde kalmakta ve besin zinciri ile de insana kadar ulaşmaktadır. Yer pahalılığı ve kentsel yerleşim alanlarına yakın tarım alanlarının azlığı nedeniyle, bu yerlerde üretimde miktar ve kaliteyi arttırmak amacıyla tarımda kullanımı teşvik edilen, sentetik kimyasalların ve bitki gelişim düzenleyicilerin kontrolsüz ve bilinçsiz bir şekilde aşırı miktarlarda kullanımı sonucunda ürünlerde oluşan kalıntılar insan ve çevre sağlığı üzerinde çeşitli toksik etkilere de neden olmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, belirlenen duvarlardaki bitkiler, vejetasyon süreci boyunca belirli zaman aralıklarıyla incelenmiş, duvar yüzeylerinde belirlenen tarımsal kaçaklar tespit edilmiş, duvarlara adaptasyon sağlamış yenilebilir türler belirlenmiştir. Bu alanlarda kendiliğinden var olabilen, minimum bakım maliyetine sahip türler yenilebilir peyzaj kapsamında ele alınmış ve tespit edilen türler hem estetik hem de yenilebilirlilik fonksiyonu açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma ile kentsel alanlarda kullanıcıların güvenli gıdaya ulaşabilmesi, kentsel alanlarda tarımın geliştirilmesi ve yeşil duvarların oluşturulması, çocukların bitki büyüme süreçlerine dahil olmaları, tüketici olmaktan çıkıp üretici ve kendine yeterli toplum olmayı deneyimlemesi amaçlanmaktadır.
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As the communication between quality outdoor spaces and their residents emerged as a subject of scientific study, landscape architecture has come to mean much more than the embellishment of the environment. Its importance has grown... more
As the communication between quality outdoor spaces and their residents emerged as a subject of scientific study, landscape architecture has come to mean much more than the embellishment of the environment. Its importance has grown further with the increasing awareness of the rapidly depleting natural resources. Therefore, many official and private legal and natural entities started to view landscaping projects as a matter of prestige, self-expression and branding. Vakfikebir, a city located on the northeast coast of Turkey and one of the largest cities of Trabzon, is one of the cities putting forth efforts in pursuit of this goal. In search for creating opportunities for its residents to spend quality time near River Fol, a river flowing through the city, a landscaping project was commenced in response to the request of the Municipality of Vakfikebir. The most pronounced request of the Municipality was to repurpose this unused area for the use of the residents and create a distinctive silhouette that will have an international eminence. The project was prepared by Dr. Emrah YALÇINALP through the instrument of the Circulating Capital Enterprise of Karadeniz Technical University. The 45-day preliminary study was started with field analysis and interviews to determine the user profile; then, in light of the data obtained from the preliminary study, the project was first conceptually laid out and, then, delivered to the relevant municipal authorities as an application project. During the four-month sitework, the site was weekly visited and supervised to ensure the construction process is in keeping with the project. The project aims to contribute to the international renown of the city, which has been populated since 2017, by creating an authentic silhouette.
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Objective: Main purpose of this study is to identify the ruderal plant species which spontaneously grows on the wall and roof surfaces in urban and suburban areas due to their limited ecological needs and to contribute to the creating of... more
Objective: Main purpose of this study is to identify the ruderal plant species which spontaneously grows on the wall and roof surfaces in urban and suburban areas due to their limited ecological needs and to contribute to the creating of the sustainable green areas in urban environments by understanding the parameters that ruderals depend on while they require little maintenance and irrigation support if not no. Material and Methods: The main material of this study is the ruderal plants which were collected from totally 60 walls and 36 roof surfaces within six districts of Trabzon city-Akçaabat, Arsin, Çaykara, Of, Ortahisar and Yomra in Turkey. From these 96 habitats, 1540 plants samples form the walls and 448 plant samples from the roofs were collected. All the plant samples collected from the research area were identified in the herbarium of the faculty of forestry in Karadeniz Technical University. Apart from this, parametres affecting coverage rate of common species on three different habitats were analysed. Results: It was found that 448 samples from the roof surfaces distributed into 61 species while 1540 samples from the walls distributed into 196 species. Plus, according to the analyses, 28 species were found on all three different habitats. As a result of the observations, measurements and analyses, it is clear from the study that coverage rate of the plant species depends on anthropogenic interaction, daylight period and depth of the media but there is no relation with the number of the species on the surfaces. Conclusion: Ruderal plants are definitely important to study on, if the world wants the term sustainability to find its real meaning as they require nearly nothing to grow in hard conditions. In urban life, maintenance is getting more and more expensive for green areas in urban life and this makes it difficult for them to survive especially when cities have limited budget on this, which has often occurred all over the world recently. There is no doubt that ruderal plants offer a great opportunity for modern era urban areas with their limited needs to grow in hard conditions. Furthermore, when thinking about the fact a serious amount of the ruderal plants detected on all three basic habitats has a great landscape plant characteristics, the approaches to their usage in urban areas are really critical.
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Unfortunately, we live in a greedy little world and horizontal areas are often too expensive to leave to nature on them. Therefore, creating gardens on vertical surfaces of urban areas has recently been very important to supporting... more
Unfortunately, we live in a greedy little world and horizontal areas are often too expensive to leave to nature on them. Therefore, creating gardens on vertical surfaces of urban areas has recently been very important to supporting sustainability because these surfaces are still found to be commercially useless compared with green areas which are generally under pressure from commercial demands and politics. However, these artificial vertical green surfaces are still too far from being common, while too many ordinary walls are spontaneously covered with vegetation already. In this study, we try to address the dynamics of wall vegetation as it has a great potential to make the cities more sustainable. Totally 70 walls (35 in urban and 35 in suburban areas) in Trabzon city were examined regarding their ecological, physical and vegetation characteristics. Having identified 1540 plant samples collected from the walls during a year-round intensive field study, we performed statistical analyzes to enumerate the wall vegetation depending on the ecological characteristics; to evaluate if there are different wall vegetation compositions in urban and suburban areas; and finally to evaluate growth conditions and basic challenges for the wall vegetation.
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Water is an essential natural resource and is even known to be the cause of many wars of history. While people depend on it to survive, they also use it for everyday activities and several other purposes. As for plants, water is an... more
Water is an essential natural resource and is even known to be the cause of many wars of history. While people depend on it to survive, they also use it for everyday activities and several other purposes. As for plants, water is an essential factor, one they need for growth. Although irrigation is really important for certain agricultural plants, many criticize its water consumption, especially on scientific platforms and media. This naturally pushes the world to find alternative ways to decrease the water consumption where possible. Greywater (GW) use is one of these alternative ways. This study aims to focus on two different but ecologically useful recent phenomena; GW use and green roofs. GW use makes it possible to decrease water consumption by replacing irrigation water, while green roofs (GRs) are known to increase biodiversity in urban areas and to decrease heat island effect and as a result reduce the costs of air conditioning. Since the main purposes of this study are to evaluate the use of GW on GRs to examine if there might be an ecologically and economically more beneficial way to keep the roof green, we used a prepared greywater simulation (PGWS) to measure green roof plants' responses to it. Two different greywater models, non-diluted prepared greywater simulation (N-D.PGSW) and 50% diluted prepared greywater simulation (%50-D.PGWS), were used for irrigation; while tap water (TW) irrigation and no irrigation (N-I) were the other two conditions to make the study more reliable.
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Türkiye bitki çeşitliliği açısından oldukça zengin bir doğal bitki örtüsüne sahiptir. Yüksek çeşitlilikteki doğal bitki örtüsü içerisinde yer alan birçok ağaç, çalı ve otsu karaktere sahip bitki türleri bulunmaktadır. Doğal bitki türleri... more
Türkiye bitki çeşitliliği açısından oldukça zengin bir doğal bitki örtüsüne sahiptir. Yüksek çeşitlilikteki doğal bitki örtüsü içerisinde yer alan birçok ağaç, çalı ve otsu karaktere sahip bitki türleri bulunmaktadır. Doğal bitki türleri bulundukları coğrafyada kullanıldıklarında yöre koşullarına en iyi adapte olabilen türler olmaktadırlar. Peyzaj mimarlığı uygulamalarında bakım maliyetlerinin azaltılması, sağlıklı bir bitki dokusu sağlanması, yerel çevreye uyum, çevre kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi gibi nedenlerle doğal türlerin kullanılması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Türkiye'de özellikle doğal kaynak yönetimleri açısından yaşam birliktelikleri son derece önem kazanmaya başlamıştılar. Özellikle Batı Karadeniz bölgesi gerek içermiş olduğu tür zenginliği ve gerekse de yaşam birliktelikleri çeşitliliği ile dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Düzce Kent Merkezi çevresinde envanteri çıkarılmış olan endemik bitki türleri mevsimsel olarak gözlemlenmiş ve bu bitkilerin estetik ve fonksiyonel yönden kentsel alanlarda yapılacak olan peyzaj tasarımlarında değerlendirilme olanakları saptanmıştır.
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Throughout the history, while cities cover the distance to reach the beauty of shaping the cities where the societies live, it has aesthetically distanced from time to time because of the living transformations. This situation effects... more
Throughout the history, while cities cover the distance to reach the beauty of shaping the cities where the societies live, it has aesthetically distanced from time to time because of the living transformations. This situation effects human psychology negatively and cause erosion of feelings of belonging. As is known, aesthetic phenomenon is at the top of the basic needs of the humans. Throughout the history of the world, people have tried to dominate nature and they built structures for various needs. Human who is the biggest producer of aesthetic appreciation value, reflect these values with the architectural space items they build with their own hands as much as the natural space. However urbanization has increased with the industrial revolution and this reveal a lot of stress on urban ecosystems. Miss-use or destruction of plant material that is one of the most important elements of urban ecosystems caused a esthetic departure from urban areas. The visual effect of street trees is to make people feel more comfortable by reducing stress on people. Urban aesthetics has been the subject of many academic researches. Transportation axes that have an important function within the urban unity is a place that can not be ignored both in the aesthetic direction and in the functional direction. The aim of this research is detect that urban people what the understand from the aesthetic concept and prefer plants with which form structure in terms of
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The unique qualities of areas with natural landscape features help provide sustainability. Moreover, their different vegetation covers and ecosystems contribute to the preservation of their visual attraction. In recent years, the demand... more
The unique qualities of areas with natural landscape features help provide sustainability. Moreover, their different vegetation covers and ecosystems contribute to the preservation of their visual attraction. In recent years, the demand for natural areas has not only been seen at a recreational level, but has also become associated with the conservation and sustainability of those areas. Although the concept of sustainability is expressed from an ecological point of view, studies indicate that the visual aspect is also an important component. Thus, in this study, a visual quality assessment was carried out which considered both objective and subjective evaluations of different habitat types. Efteni lake-wetland and Melen Ağzı dunes (Düzce), Anzer, Ayder, and Çat Düzü highlands (Rize), and Sultanmurat and Taşli highlands (Trabzon) were selected as the study areas. A visual quality analysis was conducted with a total of 43 participants (23 students, 16 local inhabitants and four lecturers) in order establish their preferences in areas with different landscape characteristics. For the determination of the visual qualifications of these areas , a total of 24 photographs showing typical images representing each habitat type (three photographs for each) were employed. Taking perceptual parameters into consideration, assessment of visual quality was made according to the points given to each photo by the participants. Consequently, differences in visual quality were found to be influenced by the demographic status of the participants, differences in habitat types, recreational trends and the conservation status of the habitats.
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Plants that are important components of a native landscape should be handled in accordance with their features, enabling them to be recognized, defined and utilized in natural and cultural environments. Road corridors are the best places... more
Plants that are important components of a native landscape should be handled in accordance with their features, enabling them to be recognized, defined and utilized in natural and cultural environments. Road corridors are the best places to observe changes related to succession and fragmentation in native vegetation in the mountainside. In the present study, which was carried out in the road corridors in the mountainside within the boundaries of Trabzon province in Turkey, it was aimed to define the vegetation visually and ecologically based on the native landscape features. While native plant compositions were ecologically defined, they were approached as an ecological corridor, Patch Analyses based on landscape metrics in the vegetation around this ecological corridor were carried out via GIS. As for visual studies, photographing, visualization and surveys were used to define the design elements and design principles of plant composition and the visual effects they had. Thus, come up in planting design, it was determined according to which design principle design elements came together and what kind of a visual effect appeared. In the final phase, the relationships between the values produced by ecological and visual parameters were stated. Consequently, some significant relationships were found out between patch analysis metrics and visual parameters, area metrics and potential effect of seasonal change of native compositions, habitat features and fragmentation values etc.
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Together with the rapid industrialization of the world, urbanization is also uncontrollably increasing. Such an increase in urbanization exerts the greatest pressure on natural resources, obligating people to live in intense structural... more
Together with the rapid industrialization of the world, urbanization is also uncontrollably increasing. Such an increase in urbanization exerts the greatest pressure on natural resources, obligating people to live in intense structural spaces and increasing the need for green spaces in cities. Because of the expensive costs of horizontal surfaces being "green", urban places are faced with serious green-infrastructure problems. In recent years, alternatives have been searched for to eliminate such deficiencies. These alternatives, such as rain gardens, green walls (GWs), ecological designs, and green roofs, are commonly included in urban landscape designs. Besides rocky or steep-slope natural green walls (NGWs), natural green covers over buildings, walls, and so forth, structural members are also encountered in urban or rural places. On the other hand, artificial green walls (AGWs) have recently been used as a significant component of urban design. Although the AGWs are able to address various functional needs, they have not yet gained the desired popularity because of construction costs, static loads, constructional damages, and maintenance costs. In addition, such sites are largely left to exotic species with limited ecological requirements; these species are far from meeting ecological functions and resistance to extreme conditions. This study was conducted for a benchmarking assessment of artificial and natural green walls (A&NGWs) with a high potential in urban landscape design not only for esthetics, but also for ecological and economical purposes. Plant species, initial establishment, maintenance costs, and some other parameters of selected GWs were assessed. The study was considered as pioneering research for low-cost minimum-maintenance AGWs to be included in urban landscape designs. It was concluded, on the basis of the present findings, that the GW systems established with natural plant species, rock, and other materials already existing in natural landscapes could be constructed at fairly low costs, and such wall systems could have great ecological contributions.
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Erosion is a serious problem all over the world as in Turkey. The main cause of erosion in Turkey is the destruction of natural resources. The produc-tivity function of lands is decreased due to the transported soil along with various... more
Erosion is a serious problem all over the world as in Turkey. The main cause of erosion in Turkey is the destruction of natural resources. The produc-tivity function of lands is decreased due to the transported soil along with various minerals and organic matter, dams loss their functions long be-fore their estimated economic life, and floods cause the loss of life and property. The negative effects of erosion on structures of natural areas can be dimin-ished by landscape rehabilitation studies. Within the scope of this study, 855,716 ha area including Yelesen, Saban and Ortakoy villages in the Ca-pakcur Microcatchment of the Bingol Province Central District was investigated and soil samples were collected. Landscape analysis was carried out for water, erosion and habitat functions, which are the most important components of the planning stage for the landscape rehabilitation studies. This study was also conducted to determine the erosion sensitivity and measures to be taken for a total of 855,716 ha land. The results showed that 11.68% (100,097 ha) of the study area is within the 1st de-gree sensitivity class, 5.24% (26,625ha) is in the 2nd degree sensitivity class, 16.15% (138,335ha) is in the 3rd degree of erosion sensitivity class and 69.03% (590,659 ha) is in 4th degree of sensitivity class. Plant growth, soil improvement, water quali-ty, drainage, slope sensitivity and erosion status in the repaired areas should be periodically monitored after the completion of all operations. Fieldworks should be finalized with the completion and renew-al planting following the erosion monitoring.
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Urban growth has been fast for decades. Because money is very important in this urban-based world, humanity focuses on economic development, and is often too busy to deal with sustainability. Therefore, in a world that is constantly... more
Urban growth has been fast for decades. Because money is very important in this urban-based world, humanity focuses on economic development, and is often too busy to deal with sustainability. Therefore, in a world that is constantly changing, creating sustainable cities that contain a diverse range of habitats supporting plant establishment is essential. Some surprising urban habitats in which plants can grow, such as cracks on pavements and walls, rocky areas, abandoned places and roofs might be extremely important for sustainability, while urban spaces are under artificial pressure. In this study, which suggesting a method to create more sustainable green roofs for urban areas, and considering roof vegetation is already important for supporting the ecology of urban areas, we surveyed 37 roofs in an urban part of Trabzon city focusing on the habitat effect. We found 51 plant species growing on these 37 roofs, and determined five different roof vegetation typologies in the research area. The main goal in any artificial green roof is to cover roof surfaces with vegetation, and success is considered a perfect coverage rate. We found roof surface size, species richness, size of the sunlit part, daily sunlight duration, and depth of the substrate are the most effective habitat attributes on vegetation coverage on rooftops in the research area.
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In this study, grapevine was used as the research material. This plant which epitomizes the opinion that vertical gardens can have a positive influence on human psychology with their beautiful view, e.g., the hanging gardens of Babylon... more
In this study, grapevine was used as the research material. This plant which epitomizes the opinion that vertical gardens can have a positive influence on human psychology with their beautiful view, e.g., the hanging gardens of Babylon about 2500 years ago. The study in question was conducted in 2016 at Bingol University, Faculty of Agriculture, the Department of Garden Plants research and application area. The offshoot growth was measured in a fertilizer experiment that formed the control, first application (200 g/100 L water, leaf) and second application (100 g/100 L water + 20% leaf + root). Moreover, the plant’s footprint in the vertical area was determined. The average offshoot growth of 1103 P American grapevine rootstock in the first and second applications was measured as 61.5 cm and 39.5 cm respectively, and it was 43.0 cm and 51.0 for C American grapevine rootstock. The average growth of 1103 P and 1616 C American grapevine in the control group was determined as 30.6 cm and 32.1 cm. The average growth of both American grapevine rootstocks used in the experiment was determined to be higher for the first and second applications than the controls.
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Kentleşme, sıklıkla endüstrileşme ile ilişkilendirilen bir kavramdır ve dünyanın endüstrileşme hızına bağlı olarak, kentleşme hızı da önlenemez bir biçimde artmaktadır. Kentleşme hızındaki bu artışın en önemli sonuçlarından biri de... more
Kentleşme, sıklıkla endüstrileşme ile ilişkilendirilen bir kavramdır ve dünyanın endüstrileşme hızına bağlı olarak, kentleşme hızı da önlenemez bir biçimde artmaktadır. Kentleşme hızındaki bu artışın en önemli sonuçlarından biri de giderek azalmakta olan doğal kaynak değerlerin üzerinde oluşan baskıdır. Yatay düzlemlerin sahip oldukları ekonomik değer nedeniyle yeşil olmak için fazla “pahalı” bulunan kentler, bu nedenle ciddi anlamda yeşil altyapı eksikliği çekmektedirler. Öte yandan kent hayatı için yeşil altyapının ekolojik, sosyolojik ve ekonomik faydaları oldukça fazladır. Kentlerde oluşan talebin yeşil alanları ciddi bir baskı altında bırakmasının doğal bir sonucu olarak, yeşil alanların oluşturulması için alternatif arayışlara girişilmiştir. Yeşil çatı ve yeşil duvarlar akla gelen ilk çözümler olmuş, kentlerdeki yeşil altyapı eksikliği özellikle bu iki koldan giderilmeye çalışılmıştır. Doğal habitatların taklit edilmesiyle oluşturulan bu alanların sürdürülebilir bir biçimde yeşil altyapıyı desteklemesi için ciddi bir bilimsel bilgi eksikliği bulunmaktadır. Bu iki alan büyük oranda ekolojik isteklerinin sınırlı olması ile bilinen egzotik türlere terk edilmiş, bunun doğal bir sonucu olarak da doğal türlerin karşıladıkları ekolojik fonksiyonların yerine getirilmesinden ekstrem şartlara dayanıklılığa kadar önemli sorunlar ortaya çıkmıştır. İşte bu araştırma, kentsel alanlarda oluşturulacak düşey düzlemdeki yeşil dokular için önemli bir altyapıyı oluşturmayı hedeflemiş, bunun için de kendiliğinden gelişen yeşil düzlemlerdeki türleri referans alarak, bunların varlıklarını etkileyen ekolojik şartların belirlenmesine odaklanmıştır. Böylece endüstriyel yeşil duvarların yüksek bakım maliyetleri ve ekolojik isteklerine karşın, kendiliğinden duvarlara yerleşmiş, varlığını devam ettiren, dolayısıyla ekolojik ve ekonomik maliyeti sınırlı türlerin kentlerdeki yeşil duvarlara kazandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Trabzon ilinde kentsel ve kırsal 60 duvarın araştırma materyalini oluşturduğu bu çalışmada yıl boyu gerçekleştirilen alan incelemeleri ile duvarlarda bulunan bitkiler tespit edilmiş, farklı istatistiki sorgulamalarla bu bitkilerin bulundukları alandaki var oluş gerekçeleri ortaya konulmuştur. Bunun sonucunda kent alanlarında oluşturulabilecek düşük bakım ihtiyaçlı yeşil duvarlar için önemli bir adım atılmış, gelecekte yapılması muhtemel diğer araştırmalar için de öncü bir araştırma olma amacı güdülmüştür.