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Guy Faure

CIRAD, ES/UMR innovation, Faculty Member
ABSTRACT
Research Interests:
Les exigences du marché s’accentuent progressivement avec la mise en place de systèmes de normes et de certification destinés à garantir la santé du consommateur, le droit des travailleurs, et limiter les impacts négatifs sur... more
Les exigences du marché s’accentuent progressivement avec la mise en place de systèmes de normes et de certification destinés à garantir la santé du consommateur, le droit des travailleurs, et limiter les impacts négatifs sur l’environnement. La production d’ananas dans le Nord du Costa Rica est plus particulièrement concernée par la loi américaine sur le bio-terrorisme et les normes EurepGap issues du secteur privé européen. Ces évolutions impliquent des changements de certaines techniques agricoles, la tenue de registres, des surcoûts de production, et des mécanismes de commercialisation plus stricts. Une partie des producteurs d’ananas rencontre de graves difficultés pour réaliser les adaptations nécessaires. Les grandes entreprises agricoles se voient renforcées, les plus petites exploitations agricoles sont écartées, et les filières se raccourcissent.
Le conseil à l’exploitation constitue l’un des services à l’agriculture, au même titre que l’approvisionnement en intrants, le crédit, l’appui à la commercialisation, la recherche, la formation des paysans. Il renforce les capacités des... more
Le conseil à l’exploitation constitue l’un des services à l’agriculture, au même titre que l’approvisionnement en intrants, le crédit, l’appui à la commercialisation, la recherche, la formation des paysans. Il renforce les capacités des producteurs à maîtriser le fonctionnement de leur exploitation et à améliorer leurs pratiques. En ce sens, le conseil à l’exploitation familiale va au-delà de la logique de vulgarisation classique (transfert et adoption de techniques) : il aide les producteurs à mieux définir leurs besoins, à préciser leurs objectifs tant au niveau de leur exploitation que de leur famille, à prendre de meilleures décisions et à maîtriser les processus de gestion concernant l’ensemble de leurs activités génératrices de revenus, en prenant en compte les aspects techniques, économiques, sociaux et environnementaux. Loin de présenter une méthode applicable en toutes circonstances, ce guide propose des principes pour construire une méthode et des outils adaptés aux condit...
the Neuchatel Initiative. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions of this case study are the author’s own and should not be attributed to the World Bank, its management, its Board of Executive Directors, or the countries they... more
the Neuchatel Initiative. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions of this case study are the author’s own and should not be attributed to the World Bank, its management, its Board of Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. Extension and Rural Development: A Convergence of Views on International Approaches? Abstract. The emergence of Management Advice for Family Farms in West Africa is closely related to the increased integration of farmers into an open market economy. This is creating a strong demand from farmers for advisory support services, focussing on management of the farm. These should go beyond the technical aspects of farming and include the organisational, economic financial and technical implications of farm management. With the gradual withdrawal of Government from extension services delivery, a stimulating context exists for reviewing approaches and systems of support delivery facilities for producers. In response to these developments, several expe...
Research Interests:
5e journées INRA-SFER-CIRAD 8 et 9 décembre 2011 AgroSup Dijon.
Préface P. Caron Introduction Repenser l’innovation pour le développement durable G. Faure, E. Coudel, C.T. Soulard, H. Devautour PARTIE 1. REPENSER L’INNOVATION DANS UN MONDE INCERTAIN 1. Normes gouvernant l’innovation agricole - L.... more
Préface P. Caron Introduction Repenser l’innovation pour le développement durable G. Faure, E. Coudel, C.T. Soulard, H. Devautour PARTIE 1. REPENSER L’INNOVATION DANS UN MONDE INCERTAIN 1. Normes gouvernant l’innovation agricole - L. Busch 2. Systèmes d’innovation : du concept à la pratique émergente - B. Triomphe et R. Rajalahti 3. De quels types d’entrepreneurs innovants avons-nous besoin ? - A. Hall et K. Dorai PARTIE 2. APPRENDRE À INNOVER AUJOURD’HUI 4. Innover dans les systèmes de culture et de production - J.M. Meynard 5. Innovation et insertion sociale, réduire la vulnérabilité des populations rurales - D. Requier-Desjardins 6. Innovations de marché axées sur la qualité : dimensions sociales et d’équité - E. Biénabe, C. Bramley, J. Kirsten 7. Innovations et gouvernance des territoires ruraux - A. Torre et F. Wallet PARTIE 3. CONCEVOIR DES FUTURS POUR L’AGRICULTURE ET L’AGROALIMENTAIRE 8. L’agrobiodiversité, vers des instruments de protection innovants - J. Santilli 9. Politi...
Services related to management advice for family farms have been promoted in West Africa in order to better address the producers' needs. This paper aims at showing that these services can be understood as systems the functioning of... more
Services related to management advice for family farms have been promoted in West Africa in order to better address the producers' needs. This paper aims at showing that these services can be understood as systems the functioning of which is strongly determined by the financing mechanisms, the governance mechanisms put in place, the quality of the human resources delivering advice, and the characteristics of the advisory method. An analysis of two case studies, in Benin and Burkina Faso, shows that: i) there is a need for continuous adaptation of the method of intervention taking into account changes in financial capabilities and human resources available for providing advisory services; ii) the nature and the quality of advisory activities are closely related to the skills of advisors and managers of advisory services; iii) the governance mechanisms to steer the advisory services reveal the social relations between the stakeholders and influence the content of the advice; and i...
Resumen En el mundo rural de Costa Rica existe una gran variedad de esfuerzos colectivos de pequeños y medianos productores, por formar y mantener organizaciones, en la forma de cooperativas, asociaciones y corporaciones. Estas... more
Resumen En el mundo rural de Costa Rica existe una gran variedad de esfuerzos colectivos de pequeños y medianos productores, por formar y mantener organizaciones, en la forma de cooperativas, asociaciones y corporaciones. Estas organizaciones formales cumplen un papel muy importante en la gestión de recursos y en la prestación de servicios a sus miembros, lo que facilita la organización la producción y el acceso a mercados diversos y dinámicos, dentro y fuera de Costa Rica. De esta forma las organizaciones de productores son claves para mantener una estructura productiva estable, base de todo tejido social rural. Partiendo de diferentes enfoques analíticos desde la economía agrícola, la sociología, la planificación social, y la antropología, la presente obra hace una revisión de nueve casos de estudio de organizaciones que han desarrollado diferentes estrategias para la captura y gestión de recursos, la generación de servicios, e inserción en mercados, así como una sistematización d...
http://www.g-fras.org/en/ggp-notes/management-advice-for-family-farms-to-strengthen-entrepreneurial-skills.html?showall=1&limitstart= In West Africa, during the 1990s, new innovative advisory methods were used that broke with the... more
http://www.g-fras.org/en/ggp-notes/management-advice-for-family-farms-to-strengthen-entrepreneurial-skills.html?showall=1&limitstart= In West Africa, during the 1990s, new innovative advisory methods were used that broke with the tradition of top- down public extension focusing on production, and instead helped meet the diversity of producers’ needs by using participatory methods. Management Advice for Family Farms (MAFF) is one of these approaches. MAFF has been adapted for diverse contexts and is today implemented by a wide range of actors, including non-government organisations (NGOs), producer organisations, cotton companies, and government agencies, in several African countries, reaching approximately 100,000 producers. MAFF has recently been further adapted to other contexts, including Myanmar (South East Asia), and Malawi (East Africa).
In West Africa, during the 1990s, new innovative advisory methods were used that broke with the tradition of top-down public extension focusing on production, and instead helped meet the diversity of producers’ needs by using... more
In West Africa, during the 1990s, new innovative advisory methods were used that broke with the tradition of top-down public extension focusing on production, and instead helped meet the diversity of producers’ needs by using participatory methods. Management Advice for Family Farms (MAFF) is one of these approaches. MAFF has been adapted for diverse contexts and is today implemented by a wide range of actors, including non-government organisations (NGOs), producer organisations, cotton companies, and government agencies, in several African countries, reaching approximately 100,000 producers. MAFF has recently been further adapted to other contexts, including Myanmar (South East Asia), and Malawi (East Africa).
L’agriculture de conservation (AC) est encore peu adoptée par les exploitations familiales des pays du Sud malgré´ des investissements importants en recherche et développement. Cet article, base´ sur une revue non exhaustive de la... more
L’agriculture de conservation (AC) est encore peu adoptée par les exploitations familiales des pays du Sud malgré´ des investissements importants en recherche et développement. Cet article, base´ sur une revue non exhaustive de la littérature scientifique et sur les travaux présentés dans ce numéro thématique, explique la faible adoption de l’AC en milieu paysan due à des difficultés de mise en œuvre par les agriculteurs. Il souligne aussi les difficultés méthodologiques que pose l’évaluation des performances de l’AC, qu’elle soit ex-post avec l’analyse des pratiques observées ou ex ante avec l’utilisation d’outils de simulation. Les agriculteurs adoptent rarement tels quels les systèmes de culture proposés mais les adaptent en fonction de leurs objectifs, de leurs marges de manœuvre et de leurs capacités d’investissement. La fonction fourragère des plantes de couverture tient une place significative dans leurs choix. Les perspectives de recherche et d’action pour le développement d...
Action research in partnership combines knowledge production, transformation of social realities and the building up of individual and collective skills. This book provides the foundation for understanding the theoretical background to... more
Action research in partnership combines knowledge production, transformation of social realities and the building up of individual and collective skills. This book provides the foundation for understanding the theoretical background to action research in partnership in the field of agriculture and putting it into practice. The key intermediate steps and milestones of the approach are presented and discussed. The initial step – defining the problem and structuring the team that brings together all stakeholders – is crucial to the success of subsequent activities. The processes and methods that allow all stakeholders to be actively involved in the design, planning, monitoring and evaluation of results are described, as are those related to assessing the relevance of the results in terms of knowledge produced, capacity building of the actors or problem solving. The book draws on a wide range of experiences in agriculture and rural development in developing countries, and especially in ...
Les auteurs analysent les évolutions actuelles des systèmes de production en Afrique, et notamment en zone de savanes d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Ils précisent les caractéristiques de ces innovations en les confrontant avec les théories... more
Les auteurs analysent les évolutions actuelles des systèmes de production en Afrique, et notamment en zone de savanes d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Ils précisent les caractéristiques de ces innovations en les confrontant avec les théories de l'innovation et présentent les grands déterminants de l'innovation qui marquent ces zones, que ce soit une pression toujours croissante sur les ressources, une ouverture toujours plus marquée vers le marché, ou l'intervention volontaire d'acteurs publics ou privés capables d'impulser des dynamiques de changements. Ils abordent l'évolution des dispositifs d'appui aux producteurs en montrant les limites des approches diffusionnistes et l'émergence de nouvelles manières d'intervenir. Ils proposent une réflexion sur les conditions pour renforcer les processus d'innovation dans un contexte rendu plus difficile qu'autrefois suite au retrait de l'Etat de nombreuses fonctions.
The emergence of Management Advice for Family Farms in West Africa is closely related to the increased integration of farmers into an open market economy. This is creating a strong demand from farmers for advisory support services,... more
The emergence of Management Advice for Family Farms in West Africa is closely related to the increased integration of farmers into an open market economy. This is creating a strong demand from farmers for advisory support services, focussing on management of the farm. These should go beyond the technical aspects of farming and include the organisational, economic financial and technical
ABSTRACT Agricultural Valorization of the Savanna Areas in Western Africa: Contrasted Result. The savanna areas in Western Africa evolve rapidly. The demographic growth induces a stronger pressure on the natural resources. When the... more
ABSTRACT Agricultural Valorization of the Savanna Areas in Western Africa: Contrasted Result. The savanna areas in Western Africa evolve rapidly. The demographic growth induces a stronger pressure on the natural resources. When the population increases the rural communities react to implement new farming systems more intensive and with stronger relationships between agriculture and livestock activities. Nevertheless strong breakdowns appear beyond some population density thresholds, especially in the more fragile areas. In this context the market role is crucial. The reinforcement or creation of commodity market chains (maize, cotton, milk, etc.) have a strong impact on the dissemination of agricultural practices which favor an agriculture able to take into account a more adequate resources management. In one hand some development poles emerge more and more influenced by the costal towns and the capitals. On the other hand some zones are marginalized due to more difficult climatic conditions, limited access to the market or chronic insecurity conditions. New coordination mechanisms between actors make it possible improvements in the agricultural systems. The commodity market chains development, the local communities or farmers’ organizations emergence, the NGO’s and public services activities influence the farmers’ incomes and the communities capacities to manage the natural resources.
Research Interests:
Small holders' agriculture is currently facing new stakes due to State's withdrawal from agricultural support and to higher market requests for producing agricultural products. Different coordination mechanisms can be observed... more
Small holders' agriculture is currently facing new stakes due to State's withdrawal from agricultural support and to higher market requests for producing agricultural products. Different coordination mechanisms can be observed inside the supply chains involving farmers, farmers' organizations, and others stakeholders. They depend on the nature of the product, the characteristics of the stakeholders involved, the technical specifications related to the transactions, and the institutional environment. Relying on a comparative case study methodology, the paper analyzes the consequences of different coordination mechanisms on inclusion or exclusion of small farmers in the northern region of Costa Rica. Market coordination could be an efficient way to integrate farmers in supply chains in the case of low technical specifications and of existence of adequate selling mechanisms. Hybrid coordination is the main mechanism and facilitates the inclusion of small farmers, depending ...
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT Large diversity of supply channels (formal and informal ones) co-exist in the area.•Milk flows between actors based on a mix of competition and complementarity process.•Organization is flexible enough to respond to the demand for... more
ABSTRACT Large diversity of supply channels (formal and informal ones) co-exist in the area.•Milk flows between actors based on a mix of competition and complementarity process.•Organization is flexible enough to respond to the demand for dairy products in Lima.•Smallholder farmers are included in the dairy sector without making big investments.•Informal sector has high profits per liter of milk but remain sensitive to controls.

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