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This article explores the development of the imperial title pontifex maximus from Emperor Augustus (12 BCE) to fourth-century Emperor Gratian (382 CE) as well as the transformation of the title into that of pontifex inclitus after... more
This article explores the development of the imperial title pontifex maximus from Emperor Augustus (12 BCE) to fourth-century Emperor Gratian (382 CE) as well as the transformation of the title into that of pontifex inclitus after Gratian. Following the precedent of Augustus, every emperor down to Gratian (d. 383) was pontifex maximus. The title pontifex maximus formed a standing element in the imperial titulature, usually in first place in the litany of titles. The article demonstrates that the title pontifex maximus was modified into pontifex inclitus from Gratian on. Christian emperors were anxious to eliminate the pagan associations of pontifex maximus but they were reluctant to give up their traditional claim to priestly authority.
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video of lecture at University College, London, 4 September 2014
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This volume collects twenty-four articles on the history and literature of the Late Roman West written over a period of more than fifty years, a companion to Wandering Poets and other Essays on Late Greek Literature and Philosophy (Oxford... more
This volume collects twenty-four articles on the history and literature of the Late Roman West written over a period of more than fifty years, a companion to Wandering Poets and other Essays on Late Greek Literature and Philosophy (Oxford 2015). A third volume will collect my art historical and archaeological papers. A number of revisions, additions and (occasional) deletions have been made, but no attempt to update systematically. Ch 8 and 15, on Plyny’s letters and Martianus Capella, have been completely rewritten.
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