Edward J Anthony
Cranfield University, Energ, Faculty Member
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The preparation of CaO/CuO composites with high performance is essential for combined Ca–Cu looping process, where the exothermic reduction of CuO with methane is used in situ to calcine CaCO3.
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A probabilistic modelling approach was developed and applied to investigate the energy and environmental performance of an innovative sanitation system, the "Nano-membrane Toilet" (NMT). The system treats human excreta via an... more
A probabilistic modelling approach was developed and applied to investigate the energy and environmental performance of an innovative sanitation system, the "Nano-membrane Toilet" (NMT). The system treats human excreta via an advanced energy and water recovery island with the aim of addressing current and future sanitation demands. Due to the complex design and inherent characteristics of the system's input material, there are a number of stochastic variables which may significantly affect the system's performance. The non-intrusive probabilistic approach adopted in this study combines a finite number of deterministic thermodynamic process simulations with an artificial neural network (ANN) approximation model and Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) to assess the effect of system uncertainties on the predicted performance of the NMT system. The joint probability distributions of the process performance indicators suggest a Stirling Engine (SE) power output in the range o...
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Abstract Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is expected to provide a cost-effective means of CO 2 emission reduction from the power sector. Amine scrubbing, which is the closest CCS technology to the market, is a suitable option for... more
Abstract Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is expected to provide a cost-effective means of CO 2 emission reduction from the power sector. Amine scrubbing, which is the closest CCS technology to the market, is a suitable option for coal-fired power plants in retrofit scenarios. However, the energy requirement for solvent regeneration in chemical absorption CO 2 capture processes causes a substantial reduction in the power plant efficiency and power output. Therefore, novel technologies with lower efficiency penalties need to be developed. One promising option is calcium looping (CaL) which is based on the reversible carbonation/calcination reaction of calcium-based sorbent that takes place at high temperature. For the purpose of this study, the CaL process was model was developed and then linked to a high-fidelity model of a reference 580 MW el supercritical coal-fired power plant. A secondary steam cycle was also modelled for recovery of high-grade heat from the CaL process. The results of the process analysis revealed that the efficiency penalty imposed in the CaL plant retrofit scenario was 6.7–7.9% points. Such performance compares favourably to the monoethanolamine and chilled ammonia scrubbing retrofit scenarios, which have efficiency penalties of 9.5% and 9.0%, respectively. Moreover, the retrofit of the CaL process was found to be less complex, and would result in two times higher net power output compared to the chemical solvent scrubbing scenarios. This is an important advantage of the CaL plant over the more mature CO 2 capture technologies, especially for the power plant operators who are looking to increase the system capacity to meet the increasing electricity demand and, at the same time, to reduce the CO 2 emissions.
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A nearly complete decarbonisation of the power sector is essential to meet the European Union target for greenhouse gas emissions reduction.
Research Interests: Engineering, Process Modeling and Simulation, Clean Coal Technologies, Pathways to decarbonisation, Multidisciplinary, and 11 moreProcess Engineering, Literature Review, Greenhouse gas emissions reduction policies, Fossil Fuels, Clean energy technologies, Carbon Capture and Storage, Coal-fired Power Plants, Pilot Plant Scale Up Techniques, Nexus of Natural Gas and Power, CO Emissions, and Calcium Looping
Research Interests: Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Combustion, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Morphology, and 11 moreWaste Management, Powder technology, Doping, Fossil Fuels, Fly Ash, Surface Structure, Scanning Electron Microscope, Circulating Fluidized Bed, Desulfurization, Fluidized Bed Combustion, and Fossil Fuel
Disposal of fluidized bed combustion (FBC) solid residues currently represents one of the major issues in FBC design and operation, and contributes significantly to its operating cost. This issue has triggered research activities on the... more
Disposal of fluidized bed combustion (FBC) solid residues currently represents one of the major issues in FBC design and operation, and contributes significantly to its operating cost. This issue has triggered research activities on the enhancement of sorbent utilization for in situ sulfur removal. The present study addresses the effectiveness of the reactivation by liquid water hydration of FB spent sorbents. Two materials are considered in the study, namely the bottom ash from the operation of a full-scale utility FB boiler and the raw commercial limestone used in the same boiler. Hydration-reactivation tests were carried out at temperatures of 40°C and 80°C and for curing times ranging from 15minutes to 2d, depending on the sample. The influence of hydration conditions on the enhancement of sulfur utilization has been assessed. A combination of methods has been used to characterize the properties of liquid water-hydrated materials.
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... Jinsheng Wang,* Yinghai Wu, and Edward J. Anthony. CANMET Energy Technology ... 13) Laursen, K.; Mehrani, P.; Lim, CJ; Grace, JR Steam reactivation of partially utilized limestone sulfur sorbents. Environ. Eng. Sci.2003, 20, 11. ...
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A simple model is proposed for sulphation of CaO-based sorbents in fluidized bed combustion. The model focuses on the sintering effect of CaSO4 product on the sorbent particles. The resultant equation is validated with experimental data... more
A simple model is proposed for sulphation of CaO-based sorbents in fluidized bed combustion. The model focuses on the sintering effect of CaSO4 product on the sorbent particles. The resultant equation is validated with experimental data and is seen to describe the time dependence of the sulphation well. It is also shown that for short sulphation times the equation becomes equivalent to that of an existing model but gives a better description of the sulphation behavior over a long sulphation period.
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Significant research has been carried out to investigate the carbonation of CaO as a potential method for CO2 capture and sequestration. Up to date, the majority of this work has been related with CO2 removal from combustion flue gases... more
Significant research has been carried out to investigate the carbonation of CaO as a potential method for CO2 capture and sequestration. Up to date, the majority of this work has been related with CO2 removal from combustion flue gases with little attention focused on the carbonation reaction kinetics under gasification syngas conditions. The intrinsic rate constants of the CaO-CCh reaction was studied via a grain model for two naturally occurring calcium oxide based sorbents using a thermogravimetric analyzer. An apparent kinetic model was used to cover both the chemical reaction and diffusion rate control regimes to enable the development of a single phase, plug flow, moving bed carbonator reactor model. Over temperatures ranging from 580-700°C, it was observed that the presence of CO and H2 during carbonation caused a significant increase in the initial rate of carbonation which has been attributed to the CaO surface sites catalyzing the water-gas shift reaction increasing the lo...
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The carbon combustion efficiency and solid phase sulphur retention of low-sulphur Alberta sub-bitumimous coal and a high-sulphur New Brunswick bituminous coal were examined in an atmospheric fluidized bed combustor. Attempts to correlate... more
The carbon combustion efficiency and solid phase sulphur retention of low-sulphur Alberta sub-bitumimous coal and a high-sulphur New Brunswick bituminous coal were examined in an atmospheric fluidized bed combustor. Attempts to correlate carbon burn-out with the bed conditions showed that for the sub-bituminous coal it is primarily dependent on bed temperature and for the bituminous coal burn-out is chiefly dependent on bed temperature and fluidizing velocity. 13 refs.
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Ash disposal and ash use are critical to FBC technology and in turn the reactions of FBC ash with water are key to both of these two issues. An effective ash reactivation technology would improve the economics for FBC firing of... more
Ash disposal and ash use are critical to FBC technology and in turn the reactions of FBC ash with water are key to both of these two issues. An effective ash reactivation technology would improve the economics for FBC firing of high-sulphur fuels. Similarly, controlled ash hydration before disposal is the standard method for conditioning FBC ashes when firing high-sulphur fuels with limestone addition. Ashes can be hydrated with liquid water or by steam under pressure and our earlier work suggested that when FBC ashes were hydrated by either method, the components derived from the coal and those from the sorbent can interact chemically. As a result, the amount of “free CaO” (defined as the proportion of CaO and Ca(OH)2, expressed as CaO) may change. Usually, “free CaO” increases after hydration, particularly under pressure. However, there is also evidence that some of the CaO, derived from excess limestone sorbent, enters into reaction with the ash components, possibly silica or sil...
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Interest in the development of shale gas resources using hydraulic fracturing techniques is increasing worldwide despite concerns about the environmental risks associated with this activity. In the United Kingdom (UK), early attempts to... more
Interest in the development of shale gas resources using hydraulic fracturing techniques is increasing worldwide despite concerns about the environmental risks associated with this activity. In the United Kingdom (UK), early attempts to hydraulically fracture a shale gas well resulted in a seismic event that led to the suspension of all hydraulic fracturing operations. In response to this occurrence, UK regulators have requested that future shale gas operations that use hydraulic fracturing should be accompanied by a high-level environmental risk assessment (ERA). Completion of an ERA can demonstrate competency, communicate understanding, and ultimately build trust that environmental risks are being managed properly, however, this assessment requires a scientific evidence base. In this paper we discuss how the ERA became a preferred assessment technique to understand the risks related to shale gas development in the UK, and how it can be used to communicate information between stake...
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Abstract Due to the enrichment of SO 2 and H 2 O, SO 3 formation during oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion may significantly increase over the air fired case and this requires special attention in terms of safety... more
Abstract Due to the enrichment of SO 2 and H 2 O, SO 3 formation during oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion may significantly increase over the air fired case and this requires special attention in terms of safety consideration. In an attempt to better elucidate the formation mechanism of SO 3 under oxy-fuel CFB conditions, homogenous and heterogeneous experiments were performed using a small vertical tube reactor to model the SO 3 formation condition in the back pass channels and then the mechanism deduced was further validated by tests and measurements using a pilot-scale 50 kWth oxy-fuel CFB combustor with wet flue gas recycle. Results show that replacing N 2 by CO 2 does not change the SO 3 formation levels while the addition of water enhances SO 3 formation. The increased O 2 , SO 2 , H 2 O concentrations along with increasing temperature are favorable for enhancing SO 3 formation over the range of tested parameters. Fe 2 O 3 , CuO and V 2 O 5 are shown to be able to catalyze SO 2 conversion to SO 3 under oxy-fuel atmosphere; of these V 2 O 5 s catalyzing ability is the strongest. Fly ash can either catalyze the SO 3 formation or absorb SO 3 , depending on the temperature and the alkalinity of the ash. The results from the pilot plant burning bituminous coal demonstrate that SO 3 concentration in the flue gas is about 4.5 times higher during oxy-fuel combustion than that under air combustion.
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Calcium-looping is an emerging technology that can be applied to both flue and fuel gas streams for CO2 capture. A typical proposed process is described as follows: CaO-based sorbent is repeatedly cycled between two fluidised beds; in the... more
Calcium-looping is an emerging technology that can be applied to both flue and fuel gas streams for CO2 capture. A typical proposed process is described as follows: CaO-based sorbent is repeatedly cycled between two fluidised beds; in the lower temperature carbonator CaO-based sorbent strips CO2 from a flue or fuel gas via the exothermic formation of CaCO3; in the calciner, operating at a higher temperature, CaCO3 decomposes to provide a pure stream of CO2 suitable for storage and regenerate CaO. There are several advantages to this system including the ability to reclaim high-grade heat from the carbonation reaction and the use of cheap non-toxic sorbents, which have the potential to be used in the cement industry after use. A disadvantage to the system is that the sorbent reduces in reactivity towards CO2 upon cycling. This can occur for a number of reasons including loss of reactive porosity through sintering, competing reactions with sulphurous molecules and mass loss through a...
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The efficiency of limestone utilization for in situ sulphur capture in fluidized bed combustors is low due to incomplete sulphation of CaO. Reutilization of the partially sulphated limestone sorbent for SO2 emission control is highly... more
The efficiency of limestone utilization for in situ sulphur capture in fluidized bed combustors is low due to incomplete sulphation of CaO. Reutilization of the partially sulphated limestone sorbent for SO2 emission control is highly desirable both on economic and environmental grounds. Hydration of the FBC ash can reactivate the spent limestone so that the hydrated ash will take up SO2 effectively when reinjected into the combustors as SO2 sorbent. In this work hydration of ashes from a large fluidized bed combustor was studied with special focus on the hydration rate. Factors, which affect the rate and efficiency of the reactivation process, such as temperature, particle size, and hydration time, were examined and the effect of hydration on sulphation was also discussed.
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The characterization of solid wastes from full-scale circulating fluidized bed combustors (CFBC) is necessary to ensure that disposal procedures or utilization strategies for the waste solids are successful. Pilot plants are extremely... more
The characterization of solid wastes from full-scale circulating fluidized bed combustors (CFBC) is necessary to ensure that disposal procedures or utilization strategies for the waste solids are successful. Pilot plants are extremely useful in providing hydrodynamic heat and mass transfer data that can be used to design and predict the performance of larger units. Combustion studies indicate that data from pilot-scale units can be used to approximate the behavior of a full-scale plant for different fuels and operating conditions, even when the pilot plant is not designed to properly scale the commercial unit. However, the same does not seem to be true for the determination of reduced sulphur, the other is species and geotechnical or physical properties of the solid wastes generated from pilot plants. The results of analyses of samples generated from two units are discussed. One is a 150 by 150 mm square, 7.3 m high pilot-scale CFBC located at the University of British Columbia and ...