Heather Almond
Cranfield University, Renewable Energy Engineering, Faculty Member
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... Cymbals and rotors (Fig. 2) FIGURE 2 (Top) The jewel bearing is centered on the rotor between three mounting posts. ... [5] T. Uchiki, T. Nakazawa, K. Nakamura, M. Kurosawa, and S. Ueha, Ultrasonic motor utilizing elastic fin rotor,... more
... Cymbals and rotors (Fig. 2) FIGURE 2 (Top) The jewel bearing is centered on the rotor between three mounting posts. ... [5] T. Uchiki, T. Nakazawa, K. Nakamura, M. Kurosawa, and S. Ueha, Ultrasonic motor utilizing elastic fin rotor, Ultrasonics Symposium 929931 (1991).
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ABSTRACT Research was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of fabricating perforated (filigree) magnesium microcomponents with metal wire widths of the order of the metal thickness using a photochemical machining (PCM) process.... more
ABSTRACT Research was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of fabricating perforated (filigree) magnesium microcomponents with metal wire widths of the order of the metal thickness using a photochemical machining (PCM) process. Experimentally, it has been demonstrated for the first time that metal wire widths of 0.15 mm can be achieved within a 2D, 0.25 mm thick magnesium foil to fabricate microcomponents for use as micro air vehicle (MAV) wings or stents through a bespoke PCM process. This etching process differs significantly from the industrial etching process used currently to manufacture magnesium letterpress printing plates and embossing dies.
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In an overarching project to reduce the number of defects found in electroless nickel phosphorus alloy (EN-P) coatings on large diamond-turned components used in the next generation of reel-to-reel (R2R) printing stations, the... more
In an overarching project to reduce the number of defects found in electroless nickel phosphorus alloy (EN-P) coatings on large diamond-turned components used in the next generation of reel-to-reel (R2R) printing stations, the significance of the coating surface on achieving a wear resistant and optically smooth surface has been investigated. This paper presents an investigation that focuses on the substrate roughness variation achieved through different pre-treatment methods prior to coating using a commercial plating solution. It looks at the number of features observed pre and post plating. The results provide some suggestions with respect to the diamond machining of a 100 micron thick EN-P coating. Electroless nickel, nickel phosphorus alloy, EN-P, surface feature, defects, pre-treatment, diamond turning
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Abstract Ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) is the most commonly used etchant for photochemical machining (PCM) but there is a great variety in the grades of the commercial product. This paper aims at defining standards for industrial etchants... more
Abstract Ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) is the most commonly used etchant for photochemical machining (PCM) but there is a great variety in the grades of the commercial product. This paper aims at defining standards for industrial etchants (that are not chemically pure) and methods by which they are analysed and monitored. In an ideal world, to maintain a constant rate of etching and hence control of part dimensions dependent on etch time, the etchant composition would be constant. Unfortunately, in the real world, the etchant composition changes continuously. As an n -valent metal (M) is dissolved into solution, etchant is consumed and the by-products of ferrous chloride (FeCl 2 ) and metal chlorides (MCl n ) are generated, i.e. n FeCl 3 + M →n FeCl 2 + MCl n Thus, for quality control (QC) of PCM, this creates a specific demand for data relating to the composition of the etchant as it changes. The demand covers characterisation of the virgin etchant, its degradation with use and the etchant resulting from its in situ chemical regeneration. There are various parameters that are typically measured in commercial enterprises in order to assess the quality of the etchant. These include: • °Baume (or specific gravity); • temperature; • free acid (HCl content); • oxidation–reduction potential (ORP); • dissolved metal content. Variations in any of the above can affect amongst other things, the rate of etch (with a resultant change in etched dimensions) and surface finish. The intention behind the work detailed in this paper was to establish whether some of these parameters could be used to determine the etchant quality and thereby determine its fitness for purpose at any given time. Theoretically, by monitoring variations in the parameters, it should be possible to predict the behaviour of the etchant. This in turn would assist in deciding whether to continue etching or replace the etchant or when to regenerate it.
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