research-article

Simple gaze gestures and the closure of the eyes as an interaction technique

Authors:

Henna Heikkilä,

Kari-Jouko RäihäAuthors Info & Claims

ETRA '12: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

Pages 147 - 154

https://doi.org/10.1145/2168556.2168579

Published: 28 March 2012 Publication History

Abstract

We created a set of gaze gestures that utilize the following three elements: simple one-segment gestures, off-screen space, and the closure of the eyes. These gestures are to be used as the moving tool in a gaze-only controlled drawing application. We tested our gaze gestures with 24 participants and analyzed the gesture durations, the accuracy of the stops, and the gesture performance. We found that the difference in gesture durations between short and long gestures was so small that there is no need to choose between them. The stops made by closing both eyes were accurate, and the input method worked well for this purpose. With some adjustments and with the possibility for personal settings, the gesture performance and the accuracy of the stops can become even better.

References

[1]

Drewes, H., and Schmidt, A. 2007. Interacting with the Computer Using Gaze Gestures. In Proceedings of INTERACT 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4663, Part II, Springer, 475--488.

Digital Library

[2]

Gips, J. and Olivieri, P. 1996. EagleEyes: An Eye Control System for Persons with Disabilities. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Technology and Persons with Disabilities, Los Angeles, California. Available in http://www.cs.bc.edu/~gips/EagleEyes/EEReport.html (23.1.2012).

[3]

Heikkilä, H. and Räihä, K-J. 2009. Speed and Accuracy of Gaze Gestures. Journal of Eye Movement Research 3, 2:1, 1--14.

[4]

Hemmert, F., Djokic, D., and Wettach, R. 2008a. Spoken Words: Activating Text-To-Speech through Eye Closure. In CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM Press, ACM, 2325--2330.

Digital Library

[5]

Hemmert, F., Djokic, D., and Wettach, R. 2008b. Perspective Change: A System for Switching Between On-screen Views by Closing one Eye. In Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI '08). ACM Press, ACM, 484--485.

Digital Library

[6]

Hornof, A. and Cavender, A. 2005. EyeDraw: Enabling Children with Severe Motor Impairments to Draw with Their Eyes. In Proceedings of CHI 2005, ACM Press, ACM, 161--170.

Digital Library

[7]

Isokoski, p. 2000. Text Input Methods for Eye Trackers Using Off-Screen Targets. In Proceedings of ETRA 2000, ACM Press, ACM, 15--21.

Digital Library

[8]

Istance, H., Bates, R., Hyrskykari, A., and Vickers, S. 2008. Snap Clutch, a Moded Approach to Solving the Midas Touch Problem. In Proceedings of ETRA 2008, ACM Press, ACM, 221--228.

Digital Library

[9]

Istance, H., Hyrskykari, A., Immonen, L., Mansikkamaa, S., and Vickers, S. 2010. Designing Gaze Gestures for Gaming: an Investigation of Performance. In Proceedings of ETRA 2010, ACM Press, ACM, 323--330.

Digital Library

[10]

Jacob, R. J. K. 1991. The Use of Eye Movements in Human-Computer Interaction Techniques: What You Look At is What You Get. ACM Transactions on Information Systems 9, 2, 152--169.

Digital Library

[11]

Kumar, M., Winograd, T., and Paepcke, A. 2007. Gaze-enhanced Scrolling Techniques. In CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM Press, ACM, 2531--2536.

Digital Library

[12]

Lankford, C. 2000. Effective Eye-gaze Input into Windows. In Proceedings of ETRA 2000, ACM Press, ACM, 23--27.

Digital Library

[13]

MyTobii 2011. User Manual: MyTobii Version 2.4. Available at http://www.tobii.com/Global/Assistive/Downloads_Training_Documents/MyTobii_P10/PDF/User%27s%20Manual/MyTobii_User_Manual_English.pdf (23.1.2012).

[14]

Møllenbach, E., Lillholm, M., Gail, a., and Hansen, J. P. 2010. Single Gaze Gestures. In Proceedings of ETRA 2010, ACM Press, ACM, 177--180.

Digital Library

[15]

Van der Kamp, J. and Sundstedt, V. 2011. Gaze and Voice Controlled Drawing. In Proceedings of Novel Gaze-Controlled Applications 2011 (NGCA '11), ACM Press, ACM.

Digital Library

Cited By

Han MOakley IKostakos VKay JHoang T(2024)EyeWithShut: Exploring Closed Eye Features to Estimate Eye PositionCompanion of the 2024 on ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing10.1145/3675094.3677605(157-161)Online publication date: 5-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3675094.3677605
Tian JWang YYu KXu LXie JLi FNiu YFan M(2024)Designing Upper-Body Gesture Interaction with and for People with Spinal Muscular Atrophy in VRProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642884(1-19)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642884
Lai YSun MLi Z(2024)GazePuffer: Hands-Free Input Method Leveraging Puff Cheeks for VR2024 IEEE Conference Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)10.1109/VR58804.2024.00055(331-341)Online publication date: 16-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/VR58804.2024.00055
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Simple gaze gestures and the closure of the eyes as an interaction technique
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)

Recommendations

Gaze gestures or dwell-based interaction?
ETRA '12: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

The two cardinal problems recognized with gaze-based interaction techniques are: how to avoid unintentional commands, and how to overcome the limited accuracy of eye tracking. Gaze gestures are a relatively new technique for giving commands, which has ...
Designing gaze gestures for gaming: an investigation of performance
ETRA '10: Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications

To enable people with motor impairments to use gaze control to play online games and take part in virtual communities, new interaction techniques are needed that overcome the limitations of dwell clicking on icons in the games interface. We have ...
Enhanced gaze interaction using simple head gestures
UbiComp '12: Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing

We propose a combination of gaze pointing and head gestures for enhanced hands-free interaction. Instead of the traditional dwell-time selection method, we experimented with five simple head gestures: nodding, turning left/right, and tilting left/right. ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

ETRA '12: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

March 2012

420 pages

ISBN:9781450312219

DOI:10.1145/2168556

Conference Chairs:
Carlos H. Morimoto
University of São Paulo, Brazil
,
Howell Istance
Montfort University, UK
,
Editor:
Stephen N. Spencer
University of Washington
,
Program Chairs:
Jeffrey B. Mulligan
NASA
,
Pernilla Qvarfordt
FX Palo Alto

Copyright © 2012 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 28 March 2012

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Conference

ETRA '12

Sponsor:

ETRA '12: Eye Tracking Research and Applications

March 28 - 30, 2012

California, Santa Barbara

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 69 of 137 submissions, 50%

Upcoming Conference

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

30
Total Citations
View Citations
634
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)23
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2

Reflects downloads up to 13 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Han MOakley IKostakos VKay JHoang T(2024)EyeWithShut: Exploring Closed Eye Features to Estimate Eye PositionCompanion of the 2024 on ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing10.1145/3675094.3677605(157-161)Online publication date: 5-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3675094.3677605
Tian JWang YYu KXu LXie JLi FNiu YFan M(2024)Designing Upper-Body Gesture Interaction with and for People with Spinal Muscular Atrophy in VRProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642884(1-19)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642884
Lai YSun MLi Z(2024)GazePuffer: Hands-Free Input Method Leveraging Puff Cheeks for VR2024 IEEE Conference Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)10.1109/VR58804.2024.00055(331-341)Online publication date: 16-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/VR58804.2024.00055
Yi-yan WWen CJing-ze TWei-chi HYa-feng NWen-jun YCheng-qi X(2024)Design recommendations of target size and tracking speed under circular and square trajectories for smooth pursuit with Euclidean algorithm in eye-control systemDisplays10.1016/j.displa.2023.10260881(102608)Online publication date: Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2023.102608
Lei YHe SKhamis MYe J(2023)An End-to-End Review of Gaze Estimation and its Interactive Applications on Handheld Mobile DevicesACM Computing Surveys10.1145/360694756:2(1-38)Online publication date: 15-Sep-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3606947
Namnakani OAbdrabou YGrizou JEsteves AKhamis M(2023)Comparing Dwell time, Pursuits and Gaze Gestures for Gaze Interaction on Handheld Mobile DevicesProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3580871(1-17)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544548.3580871
Ma GHe JChen CNiu YZhang LZhou T(2023)Trigger motion and interface optimization of an eye-controlled human-computer interaction system based on voluntary eye blinksHuman–Computer Interaction10.1080/07370024.2023.219585039:5-6(472-502)Online publication date: 24-Apr-2023
https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.2023.2195850
Yi XQiu LTang WFan YLi HShi Y(2022)DEEP: 3D Gaze Pointing in Virtual Reality Leveraging Eyelid MovementProceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3526113.3545673(1-14)Online publication date: 29-Oct-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3526113.3545673
Zhao XFan MHan T(2022)“I Don’t Want People to Look At Me Differently”Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3491102.3517552(1-15)Online publication date: 29-Apr-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3491102.3517552
Yi XLu YCai ZWu ZWang YShi Y(2022)GazeDock: Gaze-Only Menu Selection in Virtual Reality using Auto-Triggering Peripheral Menu2022 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)10.1109/VR51125.2022.00105(832-842)Online publication date: Mar-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/VR51125.2022.00105
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents