Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
research-article

Point sampling with general noise spectrum

Published: 01 July 2012 Publication History

Abstract

Point samples with different spectral noise properties (often defined using color names such as white, blue, green, and red) are important for many science and engineering disciplines including computer graphics. While existing techniques can easily produce white and blue noise samples, relatively little is known for generating other noise patterns. In particular, no single algorithm is available to generate different noise patterns according to user-defined spectra.
In this paper, we describe an algorithm for generating point samples that match a user-defined Fourier spectrum function. Such a spectrum function can be either obtained from a known sampling method, or completely constructed by the user. Our key idea is to convert the Fourier spectrum function into a differential distribution function that describes the samples' local spatial statistics; we then use a gradient descent solver to iteratively compute a sample set that matches the target differential distribution function. Our algorithm can be easily modified to achieve adaptive sampling, and we provide a GPU-based implementation. Finally, we present a variety of different sample patterns obtained using our algorithm, and demonstrate suitable applications.

Supplementary Material

JPG File (tp158_12.jpg)
ZIP File (a76-zhou.zip)
Supplemental material.
MP4 File (tp158_12.mp4)

References

[1]
Alliez, P., Meyer, M., and Desbrun, M. 2002. Interactive geometry remeshing. In SIGGRAPH '02, 347--354.
[2]
Balzer, M., Schlomer, T., and Deussen, O. 2009. Capacity-constrained point distributions: A variant of Lloyd's method. In SIGGRAPH '09, 86:1--8.
[3]
Bracewell, R. 1999. The Fourier Transform and Its Applications. McGraw-Hill.
[4]
Chang, J., Alain, B., and Ostromoukhov, V. 2009. Structure-aware error diffusion. In SIGGRAPH Asia '09, 162:1--8.
[5]
Condit, R., Ashton, P. S., Baker, P., Bunyavejchewin, S., Gunatilleke, S., Gunatilleke, N., Hubbell, S. P., Foster, R. B., Itoh, A., LaFrankie, J. V., Lee, H. S., Losos, E., Manokaran11, N., Sukumar, R., and Yamakura, T. 2000. Spatial patterns in the distribution of tropical tree species. Science 288, 5470, 1414--1418.
[6]
Cook, R. L. 1986. Stochastic sampling in computer graphics. ACM Trans. Graph. 5, 1, 51--72.
[7]
Dale, M. R. T., Dixon, P., Fortin, M.-J., Legendre, P., Myers, D. E., and Rosenberg, M. S. 2002. Conceptual and mathematical relationships among methods for spatial analysis. ECOGRAPHY, 25, 558--577.
[8]
Dippé, M. A. Z., and Wold, E. H. 1985. Antialiasing through stochastic sampling. In SIGGRAPH '85, 69--78.
[9]
Dutre, P., Bala, K., and Bekaert, P. 2002. Advanced Global Illumination. A. K. Peters, Ltd., Natick, MA, USA.
[10]
Ebeida, M. S., Patney, A., Mitchell, S. A., Davidson, A., Knupp, P. M., and Owens, J. D. 2011. Efficient maximal Poisson-disk sampling. In SIGGRAPH '11, 49:1--12.
[11]
Ebeida, M. S., Mitchell, S. A., Patney, A., Davidson, A., and Owens, J. D. 2012. A simple algorithm for maximal Poisson-disk sampling in high dimensions. Computer Graphics Forum 31, 2, 785--794.
[12]
Fattal, R. 2011. Blue-noise point sampling using kernel density model. ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers 28, 3, 1--10.
[13]
Greene, D. F., and Johnson, E. A. 1989. A model of wind dispersal of winged or plumed seeds. Ecology 70, 2, 339--347.
[14]
Haase, P., Pugnaire, F. I., Clark, S., and Incoll, L. 1996. Spatial patterns in a two-tiered semi-arid shrubland in southeastern spain. Journal of Vegetation Science, 7, 527--534.
[15]
Kalantari, N. K., and Sen, P. 2011. Efficient computation of blue noise point sets through importance sampling. Computer Graphics Forum (EGSR '11) 30, 4, 1215--1221.
[16]
Kopf, J., Cohen-Or, D., Deussen, O., and Lischinski, D. 2006. Recursive Wang tiles for real-time blue noise. In SIGGRAPH '06, 509--518.
[17]
Lagae, A., and Drettakis, G. 2011. Filtering solid Gabor noise. In SIGGRAPH '11, 51:1--6.
[18]
Lagae, A., and Dutré, P. 2006. An alternative for Wang tiles: colored edges versus colored corners. ACM Trans. Graph. 25, 4, 1442--1459.
[19]
Lagae, A., and Dutré, P. 2008. A comparison of methods for generating Poisson disk distributions. Computer Graphics Forum 21, 1, 114--129.
[20]
Lagae, A., Lefebvre, S., Drettakis, G., and Dutré, P. 2009. Procedural noise using sparse Gabor convolution. In SIGGRAPH '09, 54:1--10.
[21]
Lau, D. L., Arce, G. R., and Gallagher, N. C. 1999. Digital halftoning by means of green-noise masks. 1575--1586.
[22]
Lau, D., Ulichney, R., and Arce, G. 2003. Fundamental characteristics of halftone textures: blue-noise and green-noise. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 20, 4, 28--38.
[23]
Li, H., and Mould, D. 2011. Structure-preserving stippling by priority-based error diffusion. In GI '11, 127--134.
[24]
Li, H., Wei, L.-Y., Sander, P., and Fu, C.-W. 2010. Anisotropic blue noise sampling. In SIGGRAPH Asia '10, 167:1--12.
[25]
Lloyd, S. 1983. An optimization approach to relaxation labeling algorithms. Image and Vision Computing 1, 2.
[26]
Martinez, V. J., Paredes, S., Borgani, S., and Coles, P. 1995. Multiscaling properties of large-scale structure in the universe. Science 269, 5228, 1245--1247.
[27]
Mitchell, D. P. 1987. Generating antialiased images at low sampling densities. In SIGGRAPH '87, 65--72.
[28]
Ostling, A., Harte, J., and Green, J. 2000. Self-similarity and clustering in the spatial distribution of species. Science 290, 5492, 671.
[29]
Ostromoukhov, V., Donohue, C., and Jodoin, P.-M. 2004. Fast hierarchical importance sampling with blue noise properties. In SIGGRAPH '04, 488--495.
[30]
Ostromoukhov, V. 2001. A simple and efficient error-diffusion algorithm. In SIGGRAPH '01, 567--572.
[31]
Ostromoukhov, V. 2007. Sampling with polyominoes. In SIGGRAPH '07, 78.
[32]
Öztireli, A. C., Alexa, M., and Gross, M. 2010. Spectral sampling of manifolds. In SIGGRAPH ASIA '10, 168:1--8.
[33]
Pang, W.-M., Qu, Y., Wong, T.-T., Cohen-Or, D., and Heng, P.-A. 2008. Structure-aware halftoning. In SIGGRAPH '08.
[34]
Parker, K., Mitsa, T., and Ulichney, R. 1991. A new algorithm for manipulating the power spectrum of halftone patterns. In SPSE's 7th Int. Congress on Non-Impact Printing, 471--475.
[35]
Pharr, M., and Humphreys, G. 2004. Physically Based Rendering: From Theory to Implementation. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.
[36]
Schlömer, T., Heck, D., and Deussen, O. 2011. Farthest-point optimized point sets with maximized minimum distance. In HPG '11, 135--142.
[37]
Schroeder, M. R. 1999. Computer Speech: Recognition, Compression, Synthesis. Springer.
[38]
Schua, K., Feger, K.-H., Wagner, S., Eisenhauer, D.-R., and Raben, G. 2009. Cause-Effect Relations with Regard to Functional and Morphological Humus Characteristics in Mixed Forest Stands. EGU General Assembly 2009 11 (Apr.), 226.
[39]
Secord, A. 2002. Weighted Voronoi stippling. In NPAR '02, 37--43.
[40]
Shirley, P. 1991. Discrepancy as a quality measure for sample distributions. In Eurographics '91, 183--194.
[41]
Turk, G. 1992. Re-tiling polygonal surfaces. In SIGGRAPH '92, 55--64.
[42]
Tzeng, S., and Wei, L.-Y. 2008. Parallel white noise generation on a GPU via cryptographic hash. In I3D '08: Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games, 79--87.
[43]
Ulichney, R. 1987. Digital Halftoning. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
[44]
Wei, L.-Y., and Wang, R. 2011. Differential domain analysis for non-uniform sampling. In SIGGRAPH '11, 50:1--10.
[45]
Wei, L.-Y. 2010. Multi-class blue noise sampling. In SIGGRAPH '10, 79:1--8.
[46]
Yellott, J. I. J. 1983. Spectral consequences of photoreceptor sampling in the rhesus retina. Science 221, 382--385.
[47]
Zhou, B., and Fang, X. 2003. Improving mid-tone quality of variable-coefficient error diffusion using threshold modulation. In SIGGRAPH '03, 437--444.

Cited By

View all

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Graphics
ACM Transactions on Graphics  Volume 31, Issue 4
July 2012
935 pages
ISSN:0730-0301
EISSN:1557-7368
DOI:10.1145/2185520
Issue’s Table of Contents
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 July 2012
Published in TOG Volume 31, Issue 4

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. adaptive sampling
  2. noise spectrum
  3. point sampling

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Funding Sources

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)20
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2
Reflects downloads up to 06 Oct 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Full Access

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media