Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
research-article

SweatSkin: Rapidly Prototyping Sweat-Sensing On-Skin Interface Based on Microfluidics

Published: 12 January 2024 Publication History

Abstract

Sweat sensing affords monitoring essential bio-signals tailored for various well-being inspections. We present SweatSkin, the fabrication approach for customizable sweat-sensing on-skin interfaces. SweatSkin is unique in exploiting on-skin microfluidic channels to access bio-fluid secretes within the skin for personalized health monitoring. To lower the barrier to creating skin-conformable microfluidics capable of collecting and analyzing sweat, four fabrication methods utilizing accessible materials are proposed. Technical characterizations of paper- and polymer-based devices indicate that colorimetric analysis can effectively visualize sweat loss, chloride, glucose, and pH values. To support general to extreme sweating scenarios, we consulted five athletic experts on the SweatSkin devices' customization guidelines, application potential, and envisioned usages. The two-session fabrication workshop study with ten participants verified that the four fabrication methods are easy to learn and easy to make. Overall, SweatSkin is an extensible and user-friendly platform for designing and creating customizable on-skin sweat-sensing interfaces for UbiComp and HCI, affording ubiquitous personalized health sensing.

Supplementary Material

lee (lee.zip)
Supplemental movie, appendix, image and software files for, SweatSkin: Rapidly Prototyping Sweat-Sensing On-Skin Interface Based on Microfluidics

References

[1]
Apple.Com. 2023. Apple Watch. Retrieved May 15, 2023 from https://www.apple.com/watch/
[2]
Hitoshi Araki, Jeonghyun Kim, Shaoning Zhang, Anthony Banks, Kaitlyn E Crawford, Xing Sheng, Philipp Gutruf, Yunzhou Shi, Rafal M Pielak, and John A Rogers. 2017. Materials and device designs for an epidermal UV colorimetric dosimeter with near field communication capabilities. Advanced Functional Materials 27, 2 (2017), 1604465.
[3]
Lindsay B Baker. 2017. Sweating rate and sweat sodium concentration in athletes: a review of methodology and intra/interindividual variability. Sports Medicine 47 (2017), 111--128.
[4]
Lindsay B Baker, Jeffrey B Model, Kelly A Barnes, Melissa L Anderson, Stephen P Lee, Khalil A Lee, Shyretha D Brown, Adam J Reimel, Timothy J Roberts, Ryan P Nuccio, et al. 2020. Skin-interfaced microfluidic system with personalized sweating rate and sweat chloride analytics for sports science applications. Science advances 6, 50 (2020), eabe3929.
[5]
Amay J Bandodkar, William J Jeang, Roozbeh Ghaffari, and John A Rogers. 2019. Wearable sensors for biochemical sweat analysis. Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem 12, 1 (2019), 1--22.
[6]
Kelly A Barnes, Melissa L Anderson, John R Stofan, Kortney J Dalrymple, Adam J Reimel, Timothy J Roberts, Rebecca K Randell, Corey T Ungaro, and Lindsay B Baker. 2019. Normative data for sweating rate, sweat sodium concentration, and sweat sodium loss in athletes: An update and analysis by sport. Journal of Sports Sciences 37, 20 (2019), 2356--2366.
[7]
Douglas A Boehm, Philip A Gottlieb, and Susan Z Hua. 2007. On-chip microfluidic biosensor for bacterial detection and identification. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 126, 2 (2007), 508--514.
[8]
Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology 3, 2 (2006), 77--101.
[9]
Emanuel Carrilho, Andres W Martinez, and George M Whitesides. 2009. Understanding wax printing: a simple micropatterning process for paper-based microfluidics. Analytical chemistry 81, 16 (2009), 7091--7095.
[10]
Apala Chakrabarti, Niket Narayan, Asha Joy Jacob, and Debashis Maji. 2021. Filter Paper based Micromixer using Wax Crayon as Channel Barriers. In 2021 IEEE 9th Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC). IEEE, 01--06.
[11]
Youngkyung Choi, Neung Ryu, Myung Jin Kim, Artem Dementyev, and Andrea Bianchi. 2020. BodyPrinter: Fabricating Circuits Directly on the Skin at Arbitrary Locations Using a Wearable Compact Plotter. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Virtual Event, USA) (UIST '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 554--564. https://doi.org/10.1145/3379337.3415840
[12]
Nicole A Coull, Anna M West, Simon G Hodder, Patrick Wheeler, and George Havenith. 2021. Body mapping of regional sweat distribution in young and older males. European journal of applied physiology 121 (2021), 109--125.
[13]
Shirley Coyle, Deirdre Morris, King-Tong Lau, Dermot Diamond, Nicola Taccini, Daniele Costanzo, Pietro Salvo, Fabio Di Francesco, Maria Giovanna Trivella, Jacque-André Porchet, et al. 2009. Textile sensors to measure sweat pH and sweat-rate during exercise. In 2009 3rd international conference on pervasive computing technologies for healthcare. IEEE, 1--6.
[14]
Wenting Dang, Libu Manjakkal, William Taube Navaraj, Leandro Lorenzelli, Vincenzo Vinciguerra, and Ravinder Dahiya. 2018. Stretchable wireless system for sweat pH monitoring. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 107 (2018), 192--202.
[15]
Wijitar Dungchai, Orawon Chailapakul, and Charles S Henry. 2011. A low-cost, simple, and rapid fabrication method for paper-based microfluidics using wax screen-printing. Analyst 136, 1 (2011), 77--82.
[16]
Mohammad MN Esfahani, Mark D Tarn, Tahmina A Choudhury, Laura C Hewitt, Ashley J Mayo, Theodore A Rubin, Mathew R Waller, Martin G Christensen, Amy Dawson, and Nicole Pamme. 2016. Lab-on-a-chip workshop activities for secondary school students. Biomicrofluidics 10, 1 (2016), 011301.
[17]
Madeline Gannon, Tovi Grossman, and George Fitzmaurice. 2015. Tactum: A Skin-Centric Approach to Digital Design and Fabrication. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Seoul, Republic of Korea) (CHI '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1779--1788. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702581
[18]
Madeline Gannon, Tovi Grossman, and George Fitzmaurice. 2016. ExoSkin: On-Body Fabrication. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (San Jose, California, USA) (CHI '16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 5996--6007. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858576
[19]
Wei Gao, Sam Emaminejad, Hnin Yin Yin Nyein, Samyuktha Challa, Kevin Chen, Austin Peck, Hossain M Fahad, Hiroki Ota, Hiroshi Shiraki, Daisuke Kiriya, et al. 2016. Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis. Nature 529, 7587 (2016), 509--514.
[20]
Wei Gao, Hnin YY Nyein, Ziba Shahpar, Li-Chia Tai, Eric Wu, Mallika Bariya, Hiroki Ota, Hossain M Fahad, Kevin Chen, and Ali Javey. 2016. Wearable sweat biosensors. In 2016 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM). IEEE, 6--6.
[21]
Gatorade.Com. 2023. Gx-Sweat-Patch. Retrieved May 15, 2023 from https://www.gatorade.com/gear/tech/gx-sweat-patch/2-pack
[22]
Roozbeh Ghaffari, Da Som Yang, Joohee Kim, Amer Mansour, John A Wright Jr, Jeffrey B Model, Donald E Wright, John A Rogers, and Tyler R Ray. 2021. State of sweat: emerging wearable systems for real-time, noninvasive sweat sensing and analytics. ACS sensors 6, 8 (2021), 2787--2801.
[23]
S Fowkes Godek, AR Bartolozzi, and JJ Godek. 2005. Sweat rate and fluid turnover in American football players compared with runners in a hot and humid environment. British journal of sports medicine 39, 4 (2005), 205--211.
[24]
Sandra Fowkes Godek, Chris Peduzzi, Richard Burkholder, Steve Condon, Gary Dorshimer, and Arthur R Bartolozzi. 2010. Sweat rates, sweat sodium concentrations, and sodium losses in 3 groups of professional football players. Journal of athletic training 45, 4 (2010), 364--371.
[25]
Daniel Groeger, Elena Chong Loo, and Jürgen Steimle. 2016. HotFlex: Post-Print Customization of 3D Prints Using Embedded State Change. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (San Jose, California, USA) (CHI '16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 420--432. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858191
[26]
Nur Al-huda Hamdan, Adrian Wagner, Simon Voelker, Jürgen Steimle, and Jan Borchers. 2019. Springlets: Expressive, Flexible and Silent On-Skin Tactile Interfaces. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300718
[27]
Teng Han, Shubhi Bansal, Xiaochen Shi, Yanjun Chen, Baogang Quan, Feng Tian, Hongan Wang, and Sriram Subramanian. 2020. HapBead: On-Skin Microfluidic Haptic Interface Using Tunable Bead. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--10. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376190
[28]
Jason Heikenfeld, Andrew Jajack, Benjamin Feldman, Steve W Granger, Supriya Gaitonde, Gavi Begtrup, and Benjamin A Katchman. 2019. Accessing analytes in biofluids for peripheral biochemical monitoring. Nature biotechnology 37, 4 (2019), 407--419.
[29]
Linlin Hou, Joshua Hagen, Xiao Wang, Ian Papautsky, Rajesh Naik, Nancy Kelley-Loughnane, and Jason Heikenfeld. 2013. Artificial microfluidic skin for in vitro perspiration simulation and testing. Lab on a Chip 13, 10 (2013), 1868--1875.
[30]
Kunpeng Huang, Ruojia Sun, Ximeng Zhang, Md. Tahmidul Islam Molla, Margaret Dunne, Francois Guimbretiere, and Cindy Hsin-Liu Kao. 2021. WovenProbe: Probing Possibilities for Weaving Fully-Integrated On-Skin Systems Deployable in the Field. In Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021 (Virtual Event, USA) (DIS '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1143--1158. https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462105
[31]
Joy N Hussain, Nitin Mantri, and Marc M Cohen. 2017. Working up a good sweat--the challenges of standardising sweat collection for metabolomics analysis. The Clinical Biochemist Reviews 38, 1 (2017), 13.
[32]
Heekyoung Jung and Erik Stolterman. 2010. Material probe: exploring materiality of digital artifacts. In Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction. 153--156.
[33]
Cindy Hsin-Liu Kao, Bichlien Nguyen, Asta Roseway, and Michael Dickey. 2017. Earthtones: Chemical sensing powders to detect and display environmental hazards through color variation. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 872--883.
[34]
Hsin-Liu Kao, Artem Dementyev, Joseph A Paradiso, and Chris Schmandt. 2015. NailO: fingernails as an input surface. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 3015--3018.
[35]
Hsin-Liu Cindy Kao. 2021. Hybrid body craft: toward culturally and socially inclusive design for on-skin interfaces. IEEE Pervasive Computing 20, 3 (2021), 41--50.
[36]
Hsin-Liu Cindy Kao, Abdelkareem Bedri, and Kent Lyons. 2018. SkinWire: Fabricating a Self-Contained On-Skin PCB for the Hand. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 2, 3, Article 116 (sep 2018), 23 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3264926
[37]
Hsin-Liu (Cindy) Kao, Christian Holz, Asta Roseway, Andres Calvo, and Chris Schmandt. 2016. DuoSkin: Rapidly Prototyping on-Skin User Interfaces Using Skin-Friendly Materials. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers (Heidelberg, Germany) (ISWC '16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 16--23. https://doi.org/10.1145/2971763.2971777
[38]
Dae-Hyeong Kim, Nanshu Lu, Rui Ma, Yun-Soung Kim, Rak-Hwan Kim, Shuodao Wang, Jian Wu, Sang Min Won, Hu Tao, Ahmad Islam, Ki Yu, Tae-il Kim, Raeed Chowdhury, Ming Ying, Lizhi Xu, Ming li, Hyun-joong Chung, Hohyun Keum, Martin McCormick, and John A Rogers. 2011. Epidermal Electronics. Science (New York, N.Y.) 333 (08 2011), 838--43. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1206157
[39]
Giyoung Kim, Ji-Hea Moon, Chang-Yeon Moh, and Jong-guk Lim. 2015. A microfluidic nano-biosensor for the detection of pathogenic Salmonella. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 67 (2015), 243--247.
[40]
Ahyeon Koh, Daeshik Kang, Yeguang Xue, Seungmin Lee, Rafal M Pielak, Jeonghyun Kim, Taehwan Hwang, Seunghwan Min, Anthony Banks, Philippe Bastien, et al. 2016. A soft, wearable microfluidic device for the capture, storage, and colorimetric sensing of sweat. Science translational medicine 8, 366 (2016), 366ra165--366ra165.
[41]
Pin-Sung Ku, Kunpeng Huang, Nancy Wang, Boaz Ng, Alicia Chu, and Hsin-Liu Cindy Kao. 2023. SkinLink: On-body Construction and Prototyping of Reconfigurable Epidermal Interfaces. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7, 2 (2023), 1--27.
[42]
Pin-Sung Ku, Md. Tahmidul Islam Molla, Kunpeng Huang, Priya Kattappurath, Krithik Ranjan, and Hsin-Liu Cindy Kao. 2022. SkinKit: Construction Kit for On-Skin Interface Prototyping. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 5, 4, Article 165 (dec 2022), 23 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3494989
[43]
Seol-Yee Lee, Md. Tahmidul Islam Molla, and Cindy Hsin-Liu Kao. 2021. A 10-Year Review of the Methods and Purposes of On-Skin Interface Research in ACM SIGCHI. In 2021 International Symposium on Wearable Computers (Virtual, USA) (ISWC '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 84--90. https://doi.org/10.1145/3460421.3480424
[44]
Stephen Shiao-ru Lin, Nisal Menuka Gamage, Kithmini Herath, and Anusha Withana. 2022. MyoSpring: 3D Printing Mechanomyographic Sensors for Subtle Finger Gesture Recognition. In Sixteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (Daejeon, Republic of Korea) (TEI '22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 15, 13 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3490149.3501321
[45]
Joanne Lo, Doris Jung Lin Lee, Nathan Wong, David Bui, and Eric Paulos. 2016. Skintillates: Designing and Creating Epidermal Interactions. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (Brisbane, QLD, Australia) (DIS '16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 853--864. https://doi.org/10.1145/2901790.2901885
[46]
Jasmine Lu, Ziwei Liu, Jas Brooks, and Pedro Lopes. 2021. Chemical Haptics: Rendering Haptic Sensations via Topical Stimulants. In The 34th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Virtual Event, USA) (UIST '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 239--257. https://doi.org/10.1145/3472749.3474747
[47]
Qiuyu Lu, Jifei Ou, João Wilbert, André Haben, Haipeng Mi, and Hiroshi Ishii. 2019. MilliMorph -- Fluid-Driven Thin Film Shape-Change Materials for Interaction Design. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (New Orleans, LA, USA) (UIST '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 663--672. https://doi.org/10.1145/3332165.3347956
[48]
Xiaojin Luo, Lei Guo, Yiqun Liu, Weihua Shi, Weixin Gai, and Yue Cui. 2019. Wearable tape-based smart biosensing systems for lactate and glucose. IEEE Sensors Journal 20, 7 (2019), 3757--3765.
[49]
Daniel Mark, Stefan Haeberle, Günter Roth, Felix Von Stetten, and Roland Zengerle. 2010. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip platforms: requirements, characteristics and applications. Microfluidics based microsystems: fundamentals and applications (2010), 305--376.
[50]
Eric Markvicka, Guanyun Wang, Yi-Chin Lee, Gierad Laput, Carmel Majidi, and Lining Yao. 2019. ElectroDermis: Fully Untethered, Stretchable, and Highly-Customizable Electronic Bandages. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--10. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300862
[51]
Andres W Martinez, Scott T Phillips, Manish J Butte, and George M Whitesides. 2007. Patterned paper as a platform for inexpensive, low-volume, portable bioassays. Angewandte Chemie 119, 8 (2007), 1340--1342.
[52]
Ronald J Maughan, Stuart J Merson, Nick P Broad, and Susan M Shirreffs. 2004. Fluid and electrolyte intake and loss in elite soccer players during training. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism 14, 3 (2004), 333--346.
[53]
Ronald J Maughan, Phillip Watson, Gethin H Evans, Nicholas Broad, and Susan M Shirreffs. 2007. Water balance and salt losses in competitive football. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism 17, 6 (2007), 583--594.
[54]
Umesha Mogera, Heng Guo, Myeong Namkoong, Md Saifur Rahman, Tan Nguyen, and Limei Tian. 2022. Wearable plasmonic paper--based microfluidics for continuous sweat analysis. Science Advances 8, 12 (2022), eabn1736.
[55]
Hila Mor, Tianyu Yu, Ken Nakagaki, Benjamin Harvey Miller, Yichen Jia, and Hiroshi Ishii. 2020. Venous Materials: Towards Interactive Fluidic Mechanisms. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376129
[56]
Rujuta D Munje, Sriram Muthukumar, and Shalini Prasad. 2017. Lancet-free and label-free diagnostics of glucose in sweat using Zinc Oxide based flexible bioelectronics. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 238 (2017), 482--490.
[57]
Steven Nagels, Raf Ramakers, Kris Luyten, and Wim Deferme. 2018. Silicone Devices: A Scalable DIY Approach for Fabricating Self-Contained Multi-Layered Soft Circuits Using Microfluidics. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Montreal QC, Canada) (CHI '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173762
[58]
Aditya Shekhar Nittala, Arshad Khan, Klaus Kruttwig, Tobias Kraus, and Jürgen Steimle. 2020. PhysioSkin: Rapid Fabrication of Skin-Conformal Physiological Interfaces. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--10. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376366
[59]
NixBiosensors.Com. 2023. Nix Biosensors. Retrieved May 15, 2023 from https://nixbiosensors.com/
[60]
Hnin Yin Yin Nyein, Mallika Bariya, Liisa Kivimäki, Sanna Uusitalo, Tiffany Sun Liaw, Elina Jansson, Christine Heera Ahn, John A Hangasky, Jiangqi Zhao, Yuanjing Lin, et al. 2019. Regional and correlative sweat analysis using high-throughput microfluidic sensing patches toward decoding sweat. Science advances 5, 8 (2019), eaaw9906.
[61]
Onur Parlak, Scott Tom Keene, Andrew Marais, Vincenzo F Curto, and Alberto Salleo. 2018. Molecularly selective nanoporous membrane-based wearable organic electrochemical device for noninvasive cortisol sensing. Science advances 4, 7 (2018), eaar2904.
[62]
Marc Parrilla, Tomàs Guinovart, Jordi Ferré, Pascal Blondeau, and Francisco J Andrade. 2019. A wearable paper-based sweat sensor for human perspiration monitoring. Advanced Healthcare Materials 8, 16 (2019), 1900342.
[63]
Narjes Pourjafarian, Marion Koelle, Bruno Fruchard, Sahar Mavali, Konstantin Klamka, Daniel Groeger, Paul Strohmeier, and Jürgen Steimle. 2021. BodyStylus: Freehand On-Body Design and Fabrication of Epidermal Interfaces. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 504, 15 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445475
[64]
Nadtinan Promphet, Pranee Rattanawaleedirojn, Krisana Siralertmukul, Niphaphun Soatthiyanon, Pranut Potiyaraj, Chusak Thanawattano, Juan P Hinestroza, and Nadnudda Rodthongkum. 2019. Non-invasive textile based colorimetric sensor for the simultaneous detection of sweat pH and lactate. Talanta 192 (2019), 424--430.
[65]
Jie Qi and Leah Buechley. 2014. Sketching in Circuits: Designing and Building Electronics on Paper. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) (CHI '14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1713--1722. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557391
[66]
Jie Qi, Andrew "bunnie" Huang, and Joseph Paradiso. 2015. Crafting Technology with Circuit Stickers. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (Boston, Massachusetts) (IDC '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 438--441. https://doi.org/10.1145/2771839.2771873
[67]
Juan Restrepo-Villamizar, Steven Vos, Evert Verhagen, and Carine Lallemand. 2021. Crafting On-Skin Interfaces: An Embodied Prototyping Journey. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (Virtual Event, USA) (DIS '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1129--1142. https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462055
[68]
Tamoghna Saha, Jennifer Fang, Sneha Mukherjee, Michael D Dickey, and Orlin D Velev. 2021. Wearable osmotic-capillary patch for prolonged sweat harvesting and sensing. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, 7 (2021), 8071--8081.
[69]
Pietro Salvo, Fabio Di Francesco, Daniele Costanzo, Carlo Ferrari, Maria Giovanna Trivella, and Danilo De Rossi. 2010. A wearable sensor for measuring sweat rate. IEEE Sensors Journal 10, 10 (2010), 1557--1558.
[70]
Juliane R Sempionatto, Ahmed A Khorshed, Aftab Ahmed, Andre N De Loyola e Silva, Abbas Barfidokht, Lu Yin, K Yugender Goud, Mona A Mohamed, Eileen Bailey, Jennifer May, et al. 2020. Epidermal enzymatic biosensors for sweat vitamin C: Toward personalized nutrition. ACS sensors 5, 6 (2020), 1804--1813.
[71]
SM Shirreffs and RJ Maughan. 1997. Whole body sweat collection in humans: an improved method with preliminary data on electrolyte content. Journal of Applied Physiology 82, 1 (1997), 336--341.
[72]
Katherine Wei Song, Christine Dierk, Szu Ting Tung, and Eric Paulos. 2023. Lotio: Lotion-Mediated Interaction with an Electronic Skin-Worn Display. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Hamburg, Germany) (CHI '23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 854, 15 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581098
[73]
Gabor Soter, Martin Garrad, Andrew T Conn, Helmut Hauser, and Jonathan Rossiter. 2019. Skinflow: A soft robotic skin based on fluidic transmission. In 2019 2nd IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft). IEEE, 355--360.
[74]
Ruojia Sun, Ryosuke Onose, Margaret Dunne, Andrea Ling, Amanda Denham, and Hsin-Liu (Cindy) Kao. 2020. Weaving a Second Skin: Exploring Opportunities for Crafting On-Skin Interfaces Through Weaving. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (Eindhoven, Netherlands) (DIS '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 365--377. https://doi.org/10.1145/3357236.3395548
[75]
Wei Sun, Yuwen Chen, Yanjun Chen, Xiaopeng Zhang, Simon Zhan, Yixin Li, Jiecheng Wu, Teng Han, Haipeng Mi, Jingxian Wang, Feng Tian, and Xing-Dong Yang. 2022. MicroFluID: A Multi-Chip RFID Tag for Interaction Sensing Based on Microfluidic Switches. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 6, 3, Article 141 (sep 2022), 23 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3550296
[76]
Wei Sun, Yanjun Chen, Simon Zhan, Teng Han, Feng Tian, Hongan Wang, and Xing-Dong Yang. 2021. RElectrode: A Reconfigurable Electrode For Multi-Purpose Sensing Based on Microfluidics. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 13, 12 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445652
[77]
Yanyan Tang, Li Zhen, Jingqing Liu, and Jianmin Wu. 2013. Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing in a microfluidic pH sensor. Analytical chemistry 85, 5 (2013), 2787--2794.
[78]
Yutaka Tokuda, Deepak Ranjan Sahoo, Matt Jones, Sriram Subramanian, and Anusha Withana. 2021. Flowcuits: Crafting Tangible and Interactive Electrical Components with Liquid Metal Circuits. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction. 1--11.
[79]
Katia Vega, Nan Jiang, Xin Liu, Viirj Kan, Nick Barry, Pattie Maes, Ali Yetisen, and Joe Paradiso. 2017. The Dermal Abyss: Interfacing with the Skin by Tattooing Biosensors. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers (Maui, Hawaii) (ISWC '17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 138--145. https://doi.org/10.1145/3123021.3123039
[80]
Bo Wang, Chuanzhen Zhao, Zhaoqing Wang, Kyung-Ae Yang, Xuanbing Cheng, Wenfei Liu, Wenzhuo Yu, Shuyu Lin, Yichao Zhao, Kevin M Cheung, et al. 2022. Wearable aptamer-field-effect transistor sensing system for noninvasive cortisol monitoring. Science advances 8, 1 (2022), eabk0967.
[81]
Martin Weigel, Tong Lu, Gilles Bailly, Antti Oulasvirta, Carmel Majidi, and Jürgen Steimle. 2015. ISkin: Flexible, Stretchable and Visually Customizable On-Body Touch Sensors for Mobile Computing. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Seoul, Republic of Korea) (CHI '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2991--3000. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702391
[82]
Martin Weigel, Aditya Shekhar Nittala, Alex Olwal, and Jürgen Steimle. 2017. SkinMarks: Enabling Interactions on Body Landmarks Using Conformal Skin Electronics. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI '17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3095--3105. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025704
[83]
Whoop.Com. 2023. Whoop. Retrieved May 15, 2023 from https://www.whoop.com/
[84]
Anusha Withana, Daniel Groeger, and Jürgen Steimle. 2018. Tacttoo: A Thin and Feel-Through Tattoo for On-Skin Tactile Output. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Berlin, Germany) (UIST '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 365--378. https://doi.org/10.1145/3242587.3242645
[85]
Gang Xiao, Jing He, Xiaodie Chen, Yan Qiao, Feng Wang, Qingyou Xia, Ling Yu, and Zhisong Lu. 2019. A wearable, cotton thread/paper-based microfluidic device coupled with smartphone for sweat glucose sensing. Cellulose 26, 7 (2019), 4553--4562.
[86]
Ming Ying, Andrew P Bonifas, Nanshu Lu, Yewang Su, Rui Li, Huanyu Cheng, Abid Ameen, Yonggang Huang, and John A Rogers. 2012. Silicon nanomembranes for fingertip electronics. Nanotechnology 23, 34 (2012), 344004.
[87]
Sang Ho Yoon, Siyuan Ma, Woo Suk Lee, Shantanu Thakurdesai, Di Sun, Flávio P. Ribeiro, and James D. Holbery. 2019. HapSense: A Soft Haptic I/O Device with Uninterrupted Dual Functionalities of Force Sensing and Vibrotactile Actuation. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (New Orleans, LA, USA) (UIST '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 949--961. https://doi.org/10.1145/3332165.3347888
[88]
Haixia Yu and Jintao Sun. 2020. Sweat detection theory and fluid driven methods: A review. Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 3, 3 (2020), 126--140.
[89]
Clint Zeagler. 2017. Where to Wear It: Functional, Technical, and Social Considerations in on-Body Location for Wearable Technology 20 Years of Designing for Wearability. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers (Maui, Hawaii) (ISWC '17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 150--157. https://doi.org/10.1145/3123021.3123042
[90]
Zhiqi Zhao, Qiujin Li, Linna Chen, Yu Zhao, Jixian Gong, Zheng Li, and Jianfei Zhang. 2021. A thread/fabric-based band as a flexible and wearable microfluidic device for sweat sensing and monitoring. Lab on a Chip 21, 5 (2021), 916--932.
[91]
Clement Zheng, Peter Gyory, and Ellen Yi-Luen Do. 2020. Tangible Interfaces with Printed Paper Markers. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (Eindhoven, Netherlands) (DIS '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 909--923. https://doi.org/10.1145/3357236.3395578
[92]
Jingwen Zhu, Nadine El Nesr, Nola Rettenmaier, and Cindy Hsin-Liu Kao. 2023. SkinPaper: Exploring Opportunities for Woven Paper as a Wearable Material for On-Skin Interactions. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Hamburg, Germany) (CHI '23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 479, 16 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581034
[93]
Junyi Zhu, Liang He, Jun Nishida, Hamid Ghaednia, Cindy Hsin-Liu Kao, Jon E. Froehlich, Edward Jay Wang, and Stefanie Mueller. 2022. SIG: Towards More Personal Health Sensing. In Extended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New Orleans, LA, USA) (CHI EA '22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 168, 3 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3516408
[94]
Jia Zhu, Shangbin Liu, Zhihui Hu, Xianzhe Zhang, Ning Yi, Kairui Tang, Michael Gregory Dexheimer, Xiaojun Lian, Qing Wang, Jian Yang, et al. 2021. Laser-induced graphene non-enzymatic glucose sensors for on-body measurements. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 193 (2021), 113606.
[95]
Junyi Zhu, Jackson C Snowden, Joshua Verdejo, Emily Chen, Paul Zhang, Hamid Ghaednia, Joseph H Schwab, and Stefanie Mueller. 2021. EIT-Kit: An Electrical Impedance Tomography Toolkit for Health and Motion Sensing. In The 34th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Virtual Event, USA) (UIST '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 400--413. https://doi.org/10.1145/3472749.3474758

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Advancing haptic interfaces for immersive experiences in the metaverseDevice10.1016/j.device.2024.1003652:6(100365)Online publication date: Jun-2024
  • (2024)Ethics in AI through the practitioner’s view: a grounded theory literature reviewEmpirical Software Engineering10.1007/s10664-024-10465-529:3Online publication date: 6-May-2024

Index Terms

  1. SweatSkin: Rapidly Prototyping Sweat-Sensing On-Skin Interface Based on Microfluidics

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies
    Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies  Volume 7, Issue 4
    December 2023
    1613 pages
    EISSN:2474-9567
    DOI:10.1145/3640795
    Issue’s Table of Contents
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 12 January 2024
    Published in IMWUT Volume 7, Issue 4

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. On-skin interface
    2. do it yourself
    3. maker movement
    4. microfluidics
    5. rapid prototyping
    6. sweat sensing
    7. wearable computing

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article
    • Research
    • Refereed

    Funding Sources

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)402
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)45
    Reflects downloads up to 18 Aug 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Advancing haptic interfaces for immersive experiences in the metaverseDevice10.1016/j.device.2024.1003652:6(100365)Online publication date: Jun-2024
    • (2024)Ethics in AI through the practitioner’s view: a grounded theory literature reviewEmpirical Software Engineering10.1007/s10664-024-10465-529:3Online publication date: 6-May-2024

    View Options

    Get Access

    Login options

    Full Access

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media