‘Your Duties Are To Sweep A Floor Remotely’: Low Information Quality in Job Advertisements is a Barrier to Low-Income Job-Seekers’ Successful Use of Digital Platforms
Authors: 
Sara Kingsley, Michael Six Silberman, Clara Wang, Robert Lambeth, Jiayin Zhi, Motahhare Eslami, Beibei Li, Jeffrey BighamAuthors Info & Claims
Sara Kingsley, Michael Six Silberman, Clara Wang, Robert Lambeth, Jiayin Zhi, Motahhare Eslami, Beibei Li, Jeffrey BighamAuthors Info & ClaimsArticle No.: 18, Pages 1 - 20
Abstract
Digital platforms have become central in job search. Job-seekers’ experiences with these platforms, however, is a relatively new research area. This paper presents findings from 27 interviews with US low-income job-seekers. Job-seekers encountered many job ads with low information quality on the platforms they used in their searches. These included ads where important information, such as job pay, duration, hours, location, or requirements were missing, unclear, contradictory, or misleading; ads for unethical or illegal work; and ads that did not correspond to paying work but were designed to lure job-seekers into performing free labor or into scams. While job-seekers developed heuristics to navigate low quality ads, these did not always work, and may have caused job-seekers to miss relevant job opportunities. This paper helps answer an open question in HCI research about barriers to low-income job-seekers’ successful use of digital platforms: one barrier is low information quality job ads.
References
[1]
Ludmila Costhek Abílio. 2023. Uberization: The Periphery as the Future of Work? In Platformization and Informality: Pathways of Change, Alteration, and Transformation, Aditi Surie and Ursula Huws (Eds.). Palgrave Macmillan.
[2]
Jeremias Adams-Prassl. 2022. Uber BV v Aslam: ‘[W]ork relations … cannot safely be left to contractual regulation’. Industrial Law Journal 51, 4 (Dec. 2022), 955–966. https://doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwac027
[3]
George A. Akerlof. 1970. The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 84, 3 (Aug. 1970), 488. https://doi.org/10.2307/1879431
[4]
James Albrecht. 2011. Search Theory: The 2010 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics 113, 2 (May 2011), 237–259. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9442.2011.01658.x
[5]
Antonio Aloisi. 2022. Platform work in Europe: Lessons learned, legal developments and challenges ahead. European Labour Law Journal 13, 1 (Jan. 2022), 4–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/20319525211062557
[6]
Jenice Armstrong. 2021. Don’t believe it when people say ‘no one wants to work anymore’. Philadelphia Inquirer (May 2021). https://www.inquirer.com/opinion/unemployment-benefit-300-federal-subsidy-covid-pandemic-philly-jenice-armstrong-20210526.html
[7]
David H Autor. 2001. Wiring the Labor Market. Journal of Economic Perspectives 15, 1 (Feb. 2001), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.15.1.25
[8]
Sulin Ba, Andrew B. Whinston, and Han Zhang. 2000. The dynamics of the electronic market: an evolutionary game approach. Information Systems Frontiers 2, 1 (2000), 31–40. https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/04/20/1050392/ai-industry-appen-scale-data-labels
[9]
Roxana Barbulescu. 2015. The Strength of Many Kinds of Ties: Unpacking the Role of Social Contacts Across Stages of the Job Search Process. Organization Science 26, 4 (Aug. 2015), 1040–1058. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2015.0978
[10]
Benjamin B. Bederson and Alexander J. Quinn. 2011. Web workers unite! addressing challenges of online laborers. In CHI ’11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’11). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/1979742.1979606
[11]
Janine Berg, Marianne Furrer, Ellie Harmon, Uma Rani, and M. Six Silberman. 2018. Digital labour platforms and the future of work: Towards decent work in the online world. International Labour Organization.
[12]
Janine Berg and Hannah Johnston. 2018. Too Good to Be True? A Comment on Hall and Krueger’s Analysis of the Labor Market for Uber’s Driver-Partners. ILR Review 72, 1 (Oct. 2018), 39–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793918798593
[13]
Jenna Burrell. 2012. Invisible Users: Youth in the Internet Cafés of Urban Ghana. MIT Press.
[14]
Lindsey D. Cameron, Curtis K. Chan, and Michel Anteby. 2022. Heroes from above but not (always) from within? Gig workers’ reactions to the sudden public moralization of their work. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 172 (Sept. 2022), 104179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2022.104179
[15]
Ngai Keung Chan. 2022. Algorithmic precarity and metric power: Managing the affective measures and customers in the gig economy. Big Data & Society 9, 2 (July 2022), 205395172211337. https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517221133779
[16]
Miriam Cherry. 2016. Beyond misclassification: the digital transformation of work. Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal 37, 3 (2016).
[17]
Miriam Cherry. 2023. An Update on Gig Worker Employment Status Across the United States. University of the Pacific Law Review 54, 1 (2023). https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1418&context=uoplawreview
[18]
Miriam Cherry and Ana Santos Rutschman. 2020. Gig Workers as Essential Workers: How to Correct the Gig Economy beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic. American Bar Association Journal of Labor & Employment Law 35, 1 (2020), 11–16. https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/aba_journal_of_labor_employment_law/v35/number-1/gig-workers-as-essential.pdf
[19]
Mauro Cherubini, Alex Jiahong Lu, Joey Chiao-Yin Hsiao, Muhan Zhao, Anandita Aggarwal, and Tawanna R Dillahunt. 2021. Elucidating Skills for Job Seekers: Insights and Critical Concerns from a Field Deployment in Switzerland. In Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021 (Virtual Event, USA) (DIS ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 449–465. https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462049
[20]
Eleanor Jawon Choi. 2023. Does the internet help the unemployed find jobs?Information Economics and Policy 62 (March 2023), 101017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2023.101017
[21]
United States Federal Trade Commission. 2022. How To Spot, Avoid, and Report Fake Check Scams. https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/how-spot-avoid-report-fake-check-scams
[22]
European Trade Union Confederation. 2018. Works council opens road to negotiations for cycle couriers. European Trade Union Confederation News (2018). https://www.etuc.org/en/works-council-opens-road-negotiations-cycle-couriers
[23]
Ned Cooper, Tiffanie Horne, Gillian R. Hayes, Courtney Heldreth, Michal Lahav, Jess Holbrook, and Lauren Wilcox. 2022. A Systematic Review and Thematic Analysis of Community-Collaborative Approaches to Computing Research., 18 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517716
[24]
Carmen Sanchez Cumming, Kate Bahn, and Kathryn Zickuhr. 2022. How new job-search technologies are affecting the U.S. labor market. Washington Center for Equitable Growth (2022).
[25]
Valerio De Stefano. 2016. The rise of the ‘just-in-time workforce’: on-demand work, crowdwork, and labor protection in the ‘gig economy’. Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal 37, 3 (2016).
[26]
Megan Rose Dickey. 2019. Postmates workers want minimum delivery guarantees and at least $15 per hour. TechCrunch (May 2019). https://techcrunch.com/2019/05/20/postmates-workers-want-minimum-delivery-guarantees-and-at-least-15-per-hour
[27]
Sandy Dietrich and Erik Hernandez. 2022. Language Use in the United States: 2019. United States Census Bureau American Community Survey Reports (2022). https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2022/acs/acs-50.pdf
[28]
Tawanna R. Dillahunt, Nishan Bose, Suleman Diwan, and Asha Chen-Phang. 2016. Designing for Disadvantaged Job Seekers., 905-910 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/2901790.2901865
[29]
Tawanna R. Dillahunt, Matthew Garvin, Marcy Held, and Julie Hui. 2021. Implications for Supporting Marginalized Job Seekers: Lessons from Employment Centers. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 5, CSCW2, Article 324 (oct 2021), 24 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3476065
[30]
Tawanna R. Dillahunt and Joey Chiao-Yin Hsiao. 2020. Positive Feedback and Self-Reflection: Features to Support Self-Efficacy among Underrepresented Job Seekers. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376717
[31]
Tawanna R Dillahunt, Aarti Israni, Alex Jiahong Lu, Mingzhi Cai, and Joey Chiao-Yin Hsiao. 2021. Examining the Use of Online Platforms for Employment: A Survey of U.S. Job Seekers. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 562, 23 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445350
[32]
Tawanna R Dillahunt, Aarti Israni, Alex Jiahong Lu, Mingzhi Cai, and Joey Chiao-Yin Hsiao. 2021. Examining the Use of Online Platforms for Employment: A Survey of U.S. Job Seekers. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’21). Article 562, 23 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445350
[33]
Tawanna R. Dillahunt and Alex Lu. 2019. DreamGigs: Designing a Tool to Empower Low-Resource Job Seekers. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300808
[34]
Tawanna R. Dillahunt, Stefanie Mueller, and Patrick Baudisch. 2017. Research for Practice: Technology for Underserved Communities. Queue 15, 2 (2017), 96–110. https://doi.org/10.1145/3084693.3105830
[35]
Veena Dubal. 2023. On algorithmic wage discrimination. Columbia Law Review 123 (2023), 1929–1992. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27264954
[36]
Veena B. Dubal. 2021. Economic security & the regulation of gig work in California: From AB5 to Proposition 22. European Labour Law Journal 13, 1 (Dec. 2021), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/20319525211063111
[37]
James Duggan, Anthony McDonnell, Ultan Sherman, and Ronan Carbery. 2021. Work in the Gig Economy: A Research Overview. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429351488
[38]
Laura Edelson, Tobias Lauinger, and Damon McCoy. 2020. A Security Analysis of the Facebook Ad Library. In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/sp40000.2020.00084
[39]
Markus Ellmer, Thomas Karl Gegenhuber, and Elke Sybille Schuessler. 2019. Exploring Crowdworker Participation on Digital Work Platforms. Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, 1 (Aug. 2019), 14552. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.268
[40]
Eurofound. 2020. New Forms of Employment: 2020 Update. Euroopean Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofound).
[41]
European Commission. 2024. Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on improving working conditions in platform work: Analysis of the final compromise text with a view to agreement. https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-7212-2024-ADD-1/en/pdf
[42]
Alessandra Faggian. 2021. Job Search Theory. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 481–495. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60723-7_8
[43]
Fairwork. [n. d.]. Fairwork UK Ratings 2023: A Call for Transparency. Oxford Internet Institute. https://fair.work/en/fw/publications/fairwork-uk-ratings-2023-a-call-for-transparency/
[44]
Tristan Fielder and Louis Westendarp. 2022. Berlin’s tech workers unite to fight for labor rights. Politico (Aug. 2022). https://www.politico.eu/article/berlin-tech-worker-unite-fight-labor-right/
[45]
Sonia Filipetto, Ariela Micha, Francisca Pereyra, Cecilia Poggi, and Martín Trombetta. 2023. Platform labour in contexts of high informality: Any improvement for workers? A critical assessment based on the case of Argentina. New Technology, Work and Employment (Nov. 2023). https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12283
[46]
C. Fountain. 2005. Finding a Job in the Internet Age. Social Forces 83, 3 (March 2005), 1235–1262. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0030
[47]
Jennn Fusion. n. d. Costs of an Employee Vs. Independent Contractor. Chron.com Small Business (Houston Chronicle) (n. d.). https://smallbusiness.chron.com/costs-employee-vs-independent-contractor-1077.html
[48]
Alessandro Gandini. 2018. Labour process theory and the gig economy. Human Relations 72, 6 (Sept. 2018), 1039–1056. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726718790002
[49]
Thomas Gegenhuber, Markus Ellmer, and Elke Schüßler. 2020. Microphones, not megaphones: Functional crowdworker voice regimes on digital work platforms. Human Relations 74, 9 (June 2020), 1473–1503. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726720915761
[50]
Thomas Gegenhuber, Elke Schuessler, Georg Reischauer, and Laura Thäter. 2022. Building Collective Institutional Infrastructures for Decent Platform Work: The Development of a Crowdwork Agreement in Germany. Emerald Publishing Limited, 43–68. https://doi.org/10.1108/s0733-558x20220000079004
[51]
Eoghan Gilmartin. 2022. Spain Is Serious About Stopping Bogus Self-Employment. Tribune (Oct. 2022). https://tribunemag.co.uk/2022/10/spain-rider-law-glovo-fine-couriers-self-employment
[52]
Mark Granovetter. 2018. Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
[53]
Mary Gray and Siddharth Suri. 2019. Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass. Harper Business.
[54]
Rafael Grohmann, Gabriel Pereira, Abel Guerra, Ludmila Costhek Abilio, Bruno Moreschi, and Amanda Jurno. 2022. Platform scams: Brazilian workers’ experiences of dishonest and uncertain algorithmic management. new media & society 24, 7 (2022).
[55]
Neha Gupta, David Martin, Benjamin V. Hanrahan, and Jacki O’Neill. 2014. Turk-Life in India. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Supporting Group Work(GROUP ’14). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2660398.2660403
[56]
Benjamin V. Hanrahan, Jutta K. Willamowski, Saiganesh Swaminathan, and David B. Martin. 2015. TurkBench: Rendering the Market for Turkers. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’15). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702279
[57]
Kotaro Hara, Abigail Adams, Kristy Milland, Saiph Savage, Chris Callison-Burch, and Jeffrey P. Bigham. 2018. A Data-Driven Analysis of Workers’ Earnings on Amazon Mechanical Turk. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’18). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174023
[58]
Kotaro Hara, Abigail Adams, Kristy Milland, Saiph Savage, Benjamin V. Hanrahan, Jeffrey P. Bigham, and Chris Callison-Burch. 2019. Worker Demographics and Earnings on Amazon Mechanical Turk: An Exploratory Analysis. In Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’19). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290607.3312970
[59]
John Hicks. 1932. The Theory of Wages. Macmillan.
[60]
Christina Hiessl. 2022. The Classification of Platform Workers in Case Law: A Cross-European Comparative Analysis. Oxford Business Law Blog (March 2022). https://blogs.law.ox.ac.uk/business-law-blog/blog/2022/03/classification-platform-workers-case-law-cross-european-comparative
[61]
Christina Hiessl. 2022. The legal status of platform workers: regulatory approaches and prospects of a European solution. Italian Labour Law e-Journal 15, 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1561-8048/15210
[62]
Jon Hilsenrath and Sarah Chaney Cambon. 2021. Job Openings Are at Record Highs. Why Aren’t Unemployed Americans Filling Them?Wall Street Journal (July 2021). https://www.wsj.com/articles/job-openings-are-at-record-highs-why-arent-unemployed-americans-filling-them-11625823021
[63]
Emily Hofstaedter. 2021. Monsters: Those ‘Nobody Wants to Work’ Signs. Mother Jones (Dec. 2021). https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2021/12/monsters-those-nobody-wants-to-work-signs/
[64]
Amanda Holpuch. 2021. ‘No one wants to work anymore’: the truth behind this unemployment benefits myth. The Guardian (May 2021). https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/may/07/truth-behind-unemployment-benefits-myth
[65]
Kelle Howson, Hannah Johnston, Matthew Cole, Fabian Ferrari, Funda Ustek‐Spilda, and Mark Graham. 2022. Unpaid labour and territorial extraction in digital value networks. Global Networks 23, 4 (Oct. 2022), 732–754. https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12407
[66]
Jane Hsieh, Oluwatobi Adisa, Sachi Bafna, and Haiyi Zhu. 2023. Designing Individualized Policy and Technology Interventions to Improve Gig Work Conditions. In Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work(CHIWORK 2023). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3596671.3598576
[67]
Greg Iacurci. 2021. 6 reasons why Americans aren’t returning to work. CNBC (Oct. 2021). https://www.cnbc.com/2021/10/20/6-reasons-why-americans-arent-returning-to-work.html
[68]
Lilly Irani. 2015. The cultural work of microwork. New Media & Society 17, 5 (2015), 720–739. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813511926 arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813511926
[69]
Lilly C. Irani and M. Six Silberman. 2013. Turkopticon: Interrupting Worker Invisibility in Amazon Mechanical Turk. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’13). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2470742
[70]
Lilly C Irani and M Six Silberman. 2013. Turkopticon: Interrupting worker invisibility in amazon mechanical turk. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 611–620.
[71]
Mohammad Hossein Jarrahi, Will Sutherland, Sarah Beth Nelson, and Steve Sawyer. 2019. Platformic Management, Boundary Resources for Gig Work, and Worker Autonomy. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 29, 1–2 (Nov. 2019), 153–189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-019-09368-7
[72]
Benjamin Jen, Jashanjit Kaur, Jonathan De Heus, and Tawanna R. Dillahunt. 2014. Analyzing Employment Technologies for Economically Distressed Individuals. In CHI ’14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) (CHI EA ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1945–1950. https://doi.org/10.1145/2559206.2581290
[73]
Hannah Johnston, Alina Caia, M. Six Silberman, Monica Ceremigna, Diego Hernández, and Valerica Dumitrescu. 2020. Working on Digital Labour Platforms: A Trade Union Guide for Trainers on Crowd-, App- and Platform-Based Work. European Trade Union Institute. https://www.etui.org/publications/working-digital-labour-platforms
[74]
Carol Kando-Pineda. 2018. Staying away from nanny and caregiving job scams. https://consumer.ftc.gov/consumer-alerts/2018/07/staying-away-nanny-and-caregiving-job-scams
[75]
Jovana Karanovic, Hans Berends, and Yuval Engel. 2018. Is Platform Capitalism Legit? Ask the workers. Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, 1 (Aug. 2018), 17038. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.17038abstract
[76]
Sarah Kessler. 2018. Gigged: The End of the Job and the Future of Work. St. Martin’s Press.
[77]
Eliscia Kinder, Mohammad Hossein Jarrahi, and Will Sutherland. 2019. Gig Platforms, Tensions, Alliances and Ecosystems: An Actor-Network Perspective. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3, CSCW (Nov. 2019), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359314
[78]
Aniket Kittur, Jeffrey V. Nickerson, Michael Bernstein, Elizabeth Gerber, Aaron Shaw, John Zimmerman, Matt Lease, and John Horton. 2013. The future of crowd work. In Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work(CSCW ’13). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2441776.2441923
[79]
Eva Kocher. 2023. Digital Work Platforms at the Interface of Labour Law: Regulating Market Organisers. Hart Bloomsbury.
[80]
Wesley W. Koo and Charles E. Eesley. 2020. Platform governance and the rural-urban divide: Sellers’ responses to design change. Strategic Management Journal 42, 5 (Dec. 2020), 941–967. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3259
[81]
Paul Krantz. 2021. German startup star faces workers’ fury. Deutsche Welle (July 2021). https://www.dw.com/en/germany-gorillas-delivery-riders-protest-unfavorable-working-conditions/a-58325911
[82]
Alan B. Krueger. 2000. The Internet is lowering the cost of advertising and searching for jobs. New York Times (July 2000). https://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/20/business/economic-scene-internet-lowering-cost-advertising-searching-for-jobs.html
[83]
Peter Kuhn and Hani Mansour. 2014. Is Internet Job Search Still Ineffective?The Economic Journal 124, 581 (April 2014), 1213–1233. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12119
[84]
Peter Kuhn and Mikal Skuterud. 2004. Internet Job Search and Unemployment Durations. American Economic Review 94, 1 (Feb. 2004), 218–232. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282804322970779
[85]
Tabea Lakemann and Jann Lay. 2019. Digital platforms in Africa: the ‘Uberisation’ of informal work. German Institute of Global and Area Studies Fokus 7 (2019). https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/65910
[86]
Rochelle LaPlante and M. Six Silberman. 2016. Building Trust in Crowd Worker Forums: Worker Ownership, Governance, and Work Outcomes. Weaving Relations of Trust in Crowd Work: Transparency and Reputation Across Platforms (2016). https://wtf.tw/text/laplante_trust_in_worker_forums.pdf
[87]
Min Kyung Lee, Daniel Kusbit, Evan Metsky, and Laura Dabbish. 2015. Working with Machines: The Impact of Algorithmic and Data-Driven Management on Human Workers. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’15). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702548
[88]
Paddy Leerssen, Tom Dobber, Natali Helberger, and Claes de Vreese. 2021. News from the ad archive: how journalists use the Facebook Ad Library to hold online advertising accountable. Information, Communication & Society 26, 7 (Dec. 2021), 1381–1400. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2021.2009002
[89]
Alex Jiahong Lu and Tawanna R. Dillahunt. 2021. Uncovering the Promises and Challenges of Social Media Use in the Low-Wage Labor Market: Insights from Employers. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 452, 13 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445774
[90]
Ning Ma and Dongwook Yoon. 2022. Delay and deflect: How women gig workers respond to sexual harassment. The Conversation (July 2022). https://theconversation.com/delay-and-deflect-how-women-gig-workers-respond-to-sexual-harassment-183496
[91]
Ning F. Ma, Veronica A. Rivera, Zheng Yao, and Dongwook Yoon. 2022. “Brush it Off”: How Women Workers Manage and Cope with Bias and Harassment in Gender-agnostic Gig Platforms. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’22). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517524
[92]
Laxmikant Manroop and Julia Richardson. 2015. Job Search: A Multidisciplinary Review and Research Agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews 18, 2 (April 2015), 206–227. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12066
[93]
Aarian Marshall. 2020. Uber Changes Its Rules, and Drivers Adjust Their Strategies. Wired (Feb. 2020). https://www.wired.com/story/uber-changes-rules-drivers-adjust-strategies
[94]
David Martin, Benjamin V. Hanrahan, Jacki O’Neill, and Neha Gupta. 2014. Being a turker. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing(CSCW’14). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2531602.2531663
[95]
David Martin, Jacki O’Neill, Neha Gupta, and Benjamin V. Hanrahan. 2016. Turking in a Global Labour Market. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 25, 1 (Jan. 2016), 39–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-015-9241-6
[96]
Nora McDonald, Sarita Schoenebeck, and Andrea Forte. 2019. Reliability and Inter-Rater Reliability in Qualitative Research: Norms and Guidelines for CSCW and HCI Practice. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 3, CSCW, Article 72 (nov 2019), 23 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359174
[97]
Morgan Meaker. 2021. Europe Went Bananas for Gorillas. Then Its Workers Rose Up. Wired (Nov. 2021). https://www.wired.com/story/gorillas-gig-economy-unions-germany/
[98]
Madhumita Murgia. 2024. The delivery rider who took on his faceless boss. Financial Times (March 2024). https://www.ft.com/content/5c72d938-5d17-4600-a2e4-1cc20d3f9de1
[99]
Analie Gepulani Neiteler. 2022. Gorillas Workers Collective: “The political space we created served as a place of resistance” — Interview with Camilo, a former Gorillas rider, about organising workers in the fast food sector. The Left Berlin (March 2022). https://www.theleftberlin.com/gorillas-workers-collective-the-political-space-we-created-served-as-a-place-of-resistance/
[100]
Gemma Newlands. 2020. Algorithmic Surveillance in the Gig Economy: The Organization of Work through Lefebvrian Conceived Space. Organization Studies 42, 5 (July 2020), 719–737. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840620937900
[101]
International Organisation of Employers. 2022. Diverse Forms of Work in the Platform Economy. International Organisation of Employers. https://wecglobal.org/uploads/2022/10/IOE-WEC-Diverse-Forms-Of-Work-In-The-Platform-Economy-EN_FINAL.pdf
[102]
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning, Evaluation (U.S. Dept. of Health, and Human Services). 2023. HHS Poverty Guidelines for 2023. https://aspe.hhs.gov/topics/poverty-economic-mobility/poverty-guidelines
[103]
Ihudiya Finda Ogbonnaya-Ogburu, Kentaro Toyama, and Tawanna R. Dillahunt. 2019. Towards an Effective Digital Literacy Intervention to Assist Returning Citizens with Job Search. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300315
[104]
International Labour Organization. [n. d.]. Women and Men in the Informal Economy: A Statistical Picture: Third Edition. International Labour Office. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—dgreports/—dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_626831.pdf
[105]
International Labour Organization. 2016. Non-standard Employment Around the World: Understanding Challenges, Shaping Prospects. International Labour Office.
[106]
International Labour Organization. 2021. World Employment and Social Outlook 2021: The Role of Digital Labour Platforms in Transforming the World of Work. International Labour Office.
[107]
International Labour Organization. 2023. World Employment and Social Outlook 2021: The Value of Essential Work. International Labour Office. https://www.ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/weso/WCMS_871016/lang–de/index.htm
[108]
Wanda J. Orlikowski. 1992. The duality of technology: rethinking the concept of technology in organizations. Organization Science 3, 3 (1992), 398–427.
[109]
Wanda J. Orlikowski. 2000. Using technology and constituting structures: a practice lens for studying technology in organizations. Organization Science 11, 4 (2000), 404–428.
[110]
Devah Pager and David S. Pedulla. 2015. Race, Self-Selection, and the Job Search Process. Amer. J. Sociology 120, 4 (Jan. 2015), 1005–1054. https://doi.org/10.1086/681072
[111]
Gourab K. Patro, Abhijnan Chakraborty, Niloy Ganguly, and Krishna Gummadi. 2020. Incremental Fairness in Two-Sided Market Platforms: On Smoothly Updating Recommendations. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, 01 (April 2020), 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i01.5349
[112]
Christopher A. Pissarides. 2010. Equilibrium in the labour market with search frictions. The 2010 Prize Lecture: Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2010 (2010). https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/pissarides-lecture.pdf
[113]
Winifred R. Poster. 2022. Introduction to special issue on scams, fakes, and frauds. new media & society 24, 7 (2022).
[114]
Jeremias Prassl. 2018. Humans as a Service: The Promise and Perils of Work in the Gig Economy. Oxford University Press.
[115]
Georgina Prodhan, Alexander Huebner, Michelle Martin, Tom Sims, Susan Fenton, and Mark Potter. 2019. Deliveroo quits Germany to focus on other markets. Reuters (Aug. 2019). https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN1V215E/
[116]
Gig Economy Project. 2022. Gig Economy Project – Gorillas in Berlin: chronic problems and mounting divisions. Brave New Europe (June 2022). https://braveneweurope.com/gig-economy-project-gorillas-in-berlin-chronic-problems-and-mounting-divisions
[117]
Divya Ramesh, Caitlin Henning, Nel Escher, Haiyi Zhu, Min Kyung Lee, and Nikola Banovic. 2023. Ludification as a Lens for Algorithmic Management: A Case Study of Gig-Workers’ Experiences of Ambiguity in Instacart Work. In Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference(DIS ’23). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3563657.3596004
[118]
Alexandrea J. Ravenelle. 2019. Hustle and Gig: Struggling and Surviving in the Sharing Economy. University of California Press.
[119]
Alexandrea J. Ravenelle, Erica Janko, and Ken Cai Kowalski. 2022. Good jobs, scam jobs: Detecting, normalizing, and internalizing online job scams during the COVID-19 pandemic. new media & society 24, 7 (2022).
[120]
Alex Rosenblat and Luke Stark. 2016. Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber’s Drivers. International Journal of Communication 10, 0 (2016). https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/4892
[121]
Joel Ross, Lilly Irani, M. Six Silberman, Andrew Zaldivar, and Bill Tomlinson. 2010. Who are the crowdworkers?: shifting demographics in mechanical turk. In CHI ’10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’10). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/1753846.1753873
[122]
Niloufar Salehi, Lilly C. Irani, Michael S. Bernstein, Ali Alkhatib, Eva Ogbe, Kristy Milland, and Clickhappier. 2015. We Are Dynamo: Overcoming Stalling and Friction in Collective Action for Crowd Workers. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’15). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702508
[123]
Saskia Sassen. 2005. Electronic Markets and Activist Networks. The Weight of Social Logics in Digital Formations. In Digital Formations: IT and New Architectures in the Global Realm. Princeton University Press.
[124]
Noam Scheiber. 2017. How Uber Uses Psychological Tricks to Push Its Drivers’ Buttons. New York Times (April 2017). https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/04/02/technology/uber-drivers-psychological-tricks.html
[125]
Florian Alexander Schmidt. [n. d.]. Crowdsourced Production of AI Training Data: How Human Workers Teach Self-Driving Cars to See.
[126]
Florian A. Schmidt. 2017. Digital Labour Markets in the Platform Economy: Mapping the Political Challenges of Crowd Work and Gig Work. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/wiso/13164.pdf
[127]
Vishal Sharma, Neha Kumar, and Bonnie Nardi. 2023. Post-growth Human–Computer Interaction. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 31, 1, Article 9 (nov 2023), 37 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3624981
[128]
Benjamin Shestakofsky. 2024. Behind the Startup: How Venture Capital Shapes Work, Innovation, and Inequality. University of California Press.
[129]
Robert Shimer. 2008. The Probability of Finding a Job. American Economic Review 98, 2 (April 2008), 268–273. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.2.268
[130]
M. Six Silberman, Jeremias Adams-Prassl, Halefom Abraha, and Sangh Rakshita. 2023. Shutting Down Uber? Employment Status and the EU’s Proposed Platform Work Directive. Oxford Business Law Blog (Sept. 2023). https://blogs.law.ox.ac.uk/oblb/blog-post/2023/09/shutting-down-uber-employment-status-and-eus-proposed-platform-work
[131]
M. Six Silberman and Lilly Irani. 2016. Operating an employer reputation system: lessons from Turkopticon, 2008–2015. Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal 37, 3 (2016). https://wtf.tw/text/operating_an_employer_reputation_system_preprint.pdf
[132]
Rhea E. Steinpreis, Katie A. Anders, and Dawn Ritzke. 1999. Sex Roles 41, 7/8 (1999), 509–528. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018839203698
[133]
Aditi Surie and Ursula Huws (Eds.). 2023. Platformization and Informality: Pathways of Change, Alteration, and Transformation. Palgrave Macmillan.
[134]
Will Sutherland, Mohammad Hossein Jarrahi, Michael Dunn, and Sarah Beth Nelson. 2019. Work Precarity and Gig Literacies in Online Freelancing. Work, Employment and Society 34, 3 (Nov. 2019), 457–475. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017019886511
[135]
Farrukh Suvankulov, Marco Chi Keung Lau, and Frankie Ho Chi Chau. 2012. Job search on the internet and its outcome. Internet Research 22, 3 (June 2012), 298–317. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662241211235662
[136]
Richard Thaler. 1992. The Winner’s Curse: Paradoxes and Anomalies of Economic Life. Free Press.
[137]
Jim Thomas. [n. d.]. What is the informal economy, anyway?SAIS Review (1989-2003) 21, 1 ([n. d.]), 1–11. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26996329
[138]
Julia Ticona. 2022. Red flags, Sob Stories & Scams: The contested meaning of governance on carework labor platforms. new media & society 24, 7 (2022).
[139]
Carlos Toxtli, Siddharth Suri, and Saiph Savage. 2021. Quantifying the Invisible Labor in Crowd Work. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (Oct. 2021), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3476060
[140]
Carlos Toxtli, Siddharth Suri, and Saiph Savage. 2021. Quantifying the Invisible Labor in Crowd Work. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, 2 (2021), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3476060
[141]
United States Federal Trade Commission. 2021. Serving Communities of Color: A Staff Report on the Federal Trade Commission’s Efforts to Address Fraud and Consumer Issues Affecting Communities of Color. https://www.ftc.gov/reports/serving-communities-color-staff-report-federal-trade-commissions-efforts-address-fraud-consumer
[142]
Mattia Vacchiano. 2021. Nine Mechanisms of Job-Searching and Job-Finding Through Contacts Among Young Adults. Sociological Research Online 27, 2 (May 2021), 361–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/13607804211009525
[143]
Steven Vallas and Juliet B. Schor. 2020. What Do Platforms Do? Understanding the Gig Economy. Annual Review of Sociology 46, 1 (July 2020), 273–294. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054857
[144]
Connie R. Wanberg, Abdifatah A. Ali, and Borbala Csillag. 2020. Job Seeking: The Process and Experience of Looking for a Job. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 7, 1 (2020), 315–337.
[145]
Elizabeth Anne Watkins. 2022. “Have you learned your lesson?” Communities of practice under algorithmic competition. New Media and Society 24, 7 (2022), 1567–1590.
[146]
Earnest Wheeler and Tawanna R. Dillahunt. 2018. Navigating the Job Search as a Low-Resourced Job Seeker. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Montreal QC, Canada) (CHI ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173622
[147]
Alex C. Williams, Gloria Mark, Kristy Milland, Edward Lank, and Edith Law. 2019. The Perpetual Work Life of Crowdworkers: How Tooling Practices Increase Fragmentation in Crowdwork. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3, CSCW (Nov. 2019), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359126
[148]
Christina Yeung, Daniel Salsburg, and Joseph A. Calandrino. [n. d.]. Bad Job: Abusive Work on Alternative Microtask Platforms. https://www.ieee-security.org/TC/SPW2021/ConPro/papers/yeung-conpro21.pdf
Index Terms
- ‘Your Duties Are To Sweep A Floor Remotely’: Low Information Quality in Job Advertisements is a Barrier to Low-Income Job-Seekers’ Successful Use of Digital Platforms
Recommendations
Implications for Supporting Marginalized Job Seekers: Lessons from Employment Centers
CSCW2Rapid changes in technology are expected to limit the availability of decent work for millions of people worldwide. This particularly disadvantages socially and economically marginalized job seekers who are already being pushed into lower-wage precarious ...
Examining the Use of Online Platforms for Employment: A Survey of U.S. Job Seekers
CHI '21: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsOnline employment resources are now as important as offline personal and professional networks, which have been pivotal in finding employment. However, it is unclear, which specific online resources are key to employment and how job seekers take ...
Job Shadowing in Information Technology Projects: A Source of Competitive Advantage
High-value turnkey projects in Information Technology firms are susceptible to multiple risks. Inappropriate staffing is one of the major risks that can impact deliverable negatively. The greatest fallacy that comes up is the incongruence between HR ...
Comments
Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
June 2024
297 pages
ISBN:9798400710179
DOI:10.1145/3663384
Copyright © 2024 Owner/Author.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike International 4.0 License.
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery
New York, NY, United States
Publication History
Published: 25 June 2024
Check for updates
Author Tags
Qualifiers
- Research-article
- Research
- Refereed limited
Funding Sources
Conference
CHIWORK 2024
CHIWORK 2024: Annual Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work
June 25 - 27, 2024
Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- 0Total Citations
- 528Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)528
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)98
Reflects downloads up to 08 Feb 2025
Other Metrics
Citations
View Options
View options
View or Download as a PDF file.
PDFeReader
View online with eReader.
eReaderHTML Format
View this article in HTML Format.
HTML FormatLogin options
Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.
Sign in