Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
research-article

Clique Cover and Graph Separation: New Incompressibility Results

Published: 01 May 2014 Publication History
  • Get Citation Alerts
  • Abstract

    The field of kernelization studies polynomial-time preprocessing routines for hard problems in the framework of parameterized complexity. In this article, we show that, unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses to its third level, the following parameterized problems do not admit a polynomial-time preprocessing algorithm that reduces the size of an instance to polynomial in the parameter:
    ---Edge Clique Cover, parameterized by the number of cliques, ---Directed Edge/Vertex Multiway Cut, parameterized by the size of the cutset, even in the case of two terminals, ---Edge/Vertex Multicut, parameterized by the size of the cutset, and ---k-Way Cut, parameterized by the size of the cutset.

    References

    [1]
    Pankaj K. Agarwal, Noga Alon, Boris Aronov, and Subhash Suri. 1994. Can visibility graphs be represented compactly? Disc. Computat. Geom. 12, 347--365.
    [2]
    Giorgio Ausiello, Pierluigi Crescenzi, Giorgio Gambosi, Viggo Kann, Alberto Marchetti-Spaccamela, and Marco Protasi. 1999. Complexity and Approximation: Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Their Approximability Properties. Springer.
    [3]
    Michael Behrisch and Anusch Taraz. 2006. Efficiently covering complex networks with cliques of similar vertices. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 355, 1, 37--47.
    [4]
    Hans L. Bodlaender. 2009. Kernelization: New upper and lower bound techniques. In Proceedings of IWPEC. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5917, Springer, 17--37.
    [5]
    Hans L. Bodlaender, Rodney G. Downey, Michael R. Fellows, and Danny Hermelin. 2009. On problems without polynomial kernels. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 75, 8, 423--434.
    [6]
    Hans L. Bodlaender, Bart M. P. Jansen, and Stefan Kratsch. 2013. Preprocessing for treewidth: A combinatorial analysis through kernelization. SIAM J. Discrete Math. 27, 4, 2108--2142.
    [7]
    Hans L. Bodlaender, Bart M. P. Jansen, and Stefan Kratsch. 2014. Kernelization lower bounds by cross-composition. SIAM J. Disc. Math. 28, 1, 277--305.
    [8]
    Hans L. Bodlaender, Stéphan Thomassé, and Anders Yeo. 2011. Kernel bounds for disjoint cycles and disjoint paths. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 412, 35, 4570--4578.
    [9]
    Nicolas Bousquet, Jean Daligault, and Stéphan Thomassé. 2011. Multicut is FPT. In Proceedings of STOC. 459--468.
    [10]
    Michel Burlet and Olivier Goldschmidt. 1997. A new and improved algorithm for the 3-cut problem. Oper. Res. Lett. 21, 5, 225--227.
    [11]
    Jin-yi Cai, Venkatesan T. Chakaravarthy, Lane A. Hemaspaandra, and Mitsunori Ogihara. 2005. Competing provers yield improved Karp-Lipton collapse results. Inf. Comput. 198, 1, 1--23.
    [12]
    Gruia Calinescu, Howard J. Karloff, and Yuval Rabani. 2000. An improved approximation algorithm for MULTIWAY CUT. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 60, 3, 564--574.
    [13]
    Maw-Shang Chang and Haiko Müller. 2001. On the tree-degree of graphs. In Proceedings of WG. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2204, Springer, 44--54.
    [14]
    Jianer Chen, Yang Liu, and Songjian Lu. 2009. An improved parameterized algorithm for the minimum node multiway cut problem. Algorithmica 55, 1, 1--13.
    [15]
    Jianer Chen, Yang Liu, Songjian Lu, Barry O’Sullivan, and Igor Razgon. 2008. A fixed-parameter algorithm for the directed feedback vertex set problem. J. ACM 55, 5.
    [16]
    Rajesh Hemant Chitnis, MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi, and Dániel Marx. 2013. Fixed-parameter tractability of directed multiway cut parameterized by the size of the cutset. SIAM J. Comput. 42, 4, 1674--1696.
    [17]
    Marek Cygan, Marcin Pilipczuk, Michal Pilipczuk, and Jakub Onufry Wojtaszczyk. 2012. Kernelization hardness of connectivity problems in d-degenerate graphs. Disc. Appl. Math. 160, 15, 2131--2141.
    [18]
    Marek Cygan, Marcin Pilipczuk, Michał Pilipczuk, and Jakub Onufry Wojtaszczyk. 2013a. On multiway cut parameterized above lower bounds. ACM Trans. on Computat. Theory 5, 1, 3.
    [19]
    Marek Cygan, Marcin Pilipczuk, Michal Pilipczuk, and Jakub Onufry Wojtaszczyk. 2013b. Subset feedback vertex set is fixed-parameter tractable. SIAM J. Disc. Math. 27, 1, 290--309.
    [20]
    Elias Dahlhaus, David S. Johnson, Christos H. Papadimitriou, Paul D. Seymour, and Mihalis Yannakakis. 1994. The complexity of multiterminal cuts. SIAM J. Comput. 23, 4, 864--894.
    [21]
    Holger Dell and Dániel Marx. 2012. Kernelization of packing problems. In Proceedings of SODA. 68--81.
    [22]
    Holger Dell and Dieter van Melkebeek. 2010. Satisfiability allows no nontrivial sparsification unless the polynomial-time hierarchy collapses. In Proceedings of STOC. ACM, 251--260.
    [23]
    Michael Dom, Daniel Lokshtanov, and Saket Saurabh. 2009. Incompressibility through colors and IDs. In Proceedings of ICALP. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5555, Springer, 378--389.
    [24]
    Rodney G. Downey, Vladimir Estivill-Castro, Michael R. Fellows, Elena Prieto, and Frances A. Rosamond. 2003. Cutting up is hard to do: The parameterized complexity of k-cut and related problems. Electr. Notes Theoret. Comput. Sci. 78, 209--222.
    [25]
    Andrew Drucker. 2012. New limits to classical and quantum instance compression. In Proceedings of FOCS. IEEE Computer Society, 609--618.
    [26]
    Paul Erdös, A. W. Goodman, and Lajos Posa. 1966. The representation of a graph by set intersections. Canad. J. Math. 18, 106--112.
    [27]
    Lance Fortnow and Rahul Santhanam. 2011. Infeasibility of instance compression and succinct PCPs for NP. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 77, 1, 91--106.
    [28]
    Michael R. Garey and David S. Johnson. 1979. Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W.H. Freeman, New York.
    [29]
    Naveen Garg, Vijay V. Vazirani, and Mihalis Yannakakis. 1996. Approximate max-flow min-(multi)cut theorems and their applications. SIAM J. Comput. 25, 2, 235--251.
    [30]
    Naveen Garg, Vijay V. Vazirani, and Mihalis Yannakakis. 2004. Multiway cuts in node weighted graphs. J. Algorithms 50, 1, 49--61.
    [31]
    O. Goldschmidt and D. S. Hochbaum. 1994. A polynomial algorithm for the k-cut problem for fixed k. Math. Oper. Res. 19, 1, 24--37.
    [32]
    Jens Gramm, Jiong Guo, Falk Hüffner, and Rolf Niedermeier. 2008. Data reduction and exact algorithms for clique cover. ACM J. Exper. Algorithmics 13.
    [33]
    Jens Gramm, Jiong Guo, Falk Hüffner, Rolf Niedermeier, Hans-Peter Piepho, and Ramona Schmid. 2007. Algorithms for compact letter displays: Comparison and evaluation. Computat. Stat. Data Anal. 52, 2, 725--736.
    [34]
    Jonathan L. Gross and Jay Yellen. 2006. Graph Theory and its Applications. CRC Press.
    [35]
    Jean-Loup Guillaume and Matthieu Latapy. 2004. Bipartite structure of all complex networks. Inf. Process. Lett. 90, 5, 215--221.
    [36]
    Sylvain Guillemot. 2011. FPT algorithms for path-transversal and cycle-transversal problems. Disc. Optim. 8, 1, 61--71.
    [37]
    Jiong Guo and Rolf Niedermeier. 2007. Invitation to data reduction and problem kernelization. SIGACT News 38, 1, 31--45.
    [38]
    Danny Harnik and Moni Naor. 2010. On the compresibility of NP instances and cryptographic applications. SIAM J. Comput. 39, 5, 1667--1713.
    [39]
    Danny Hermelin and Xi Wu. 2012. Weak compositions and their applications to polynomial lower bounds for kernelization. In Proceedings of SODA. 104--113.
    [40]
    Douglas N. Hoover. 1992. Complexity of graph covering problems for graphs of low degree. J. Combinat. Math. Combinat. Comput. 11, 187--208.
    [41]
    Wen-Lian Hsu and Kuo-Hui Tsai. 1991. Linear time algorithms on circular-arc graphs. Inf. Process. Lett. 40, 3, 123--129.
    [42]
    Yoko Kamidoi, Noriyoshi Yoshida, and Hiroshi Nagamochi. 2007. A deterministic algorithm for finding all minimum k-way cuts. SIAM J. Comput. 36, 5, 1329--1341.
    [43]
    David R. Karger, Philip N. Klein, Clifford Stein, Mikkel Thorup, and Neal E. Young. 2004. Rounding algorithms for a geometric embedding of minimum multiway cut. Math. Oper. Res. 29, 3, 436--461.
    [44]
    David R. Karger and Clifford Stein. 1996. A new approach to the minimum cut problem. J. ACM 43, 4, 601--640.
    [45]
    Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi and Mikkel Thorup. 2011. The minimum k-way cut of bounded size is fixed-parameter tractable. In Proceedings of FOCS. 160--169.
    [46]
    Eduardo Kellerman. 1973. Determination of keyword conflict. IBM Tech. Disclos. Bull. 16, 2, 544--546.
    [47]
    Lawrence T. Kou, Larry J. Stockmeyer, and Chak-Kuen Wong. 1978. Covering edges by cliques with regard to keyword conflicts and intersection graphs. Commun. ACM 21, 2, 135--139.
    [48]
    Stefan Kratsch, Marcin Pilipczuk, Michal Pilipczuk, and Magnus Wahlström. 2012. Fixed-parameter tractability of multicut in directed acyclic graphs. In Proceedings of ICALP. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7391, Springer, 581--593.
    [49]
    Stefan Kratsch and Magnus Wahlström. 2012a. Compression via matroids: A randomized polynomial kernel for odd cycle transversal. In Proceedings of SODA. 94--103.
    [50]
    Stefan Kratsch and Magnus Wahlström. 2012b. Representative sets and irrelevant vertices: New tools for kernelization. In Proceedings of FOCS. IEEE Computer Society, 450--459.
    [51]
    Daniel Lokshtanov, Neeldhara Misra, and Saket Saurabh. 2012. Kernelization -- Preprocessing with a guarantee. In The Multivariate Algorithmic Revolution and Beyond, Hans Bodlaender, Rod Downey, Fedor Fomin, and Dániel Marx Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7370. Springer Berlin, 129--161.
    [52]
    Carsten Lund and Mihalis Yannakakis. 1994. On the hardness of approximating minimization problems. J. ACM 41, 5, 960--981.
    [53]
    Shaohan Ma, Walter D. Wallis, and Julin Wu. 1989. Clique covering of chordal graphs. Util. Math. 36, 151--152.
    [54]
    Dániel Marx. 2006. Parameterized graph separation problems. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 351, 3, 394--406.
    [55]
    Dániel Marx and Igor Razgon. 2011. Fixed-parameter tractability of multicut parameterized by the size of the cutset. In Proceedings of STOC. ACM, 469--478.
    [56]
    Joseph Naor and Leonid Zosin. 2001. A 2-approximation algorithm for the directed multiway cut problem. SIAM J. Comput. 31, 2, 477--482.
    [57]
    James B. Orlin. 1977. Contentment in graph theory: Covering graphs with cliques. Indagationes Mathematicae (Proceedings) 80, 5, 406--424.
    [58]
    Hans-Peter Piepho. 2004. An algorithm for a letter-based representation of all-pairwise comparisons. J. Computat. Graph. Stat. 13, 2, 456--466.
    [59]
    Subramanian Rajagopalan, Manish Vachharajani, and Sharad Malik. 2000. Handling irregular ILP within conventional VLIW schedulers using artificial resource constraints. In Proceedings of CASES. 157--164.
    [60]
    Igor Razgon. 2010. Computing multiway cut within the given excess over the largest minimum isolating cut. CoRR abs/1011.6267.
    [61]
    Igor Razgon. 2011. Large isolating cuts shrink the multiway cut. CoRR abs/1104.5361 (2011).
    [62]
    Igor Razgon and Barry O’Sullivan. 2009. Almost 2-SAT is fixed-parameter tractable. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 75, 8, 435--450.
    [63]
    Bruce A. Reed, Kaleigh Smith, and Adrian Vetta. 2004. Finding odd cycle transversals. Oper. Res. Lett. 32, 4, 299--301.
    [64]
    Fred S. Roberts. 1985. Applications of edge coverings by cliques. Disc. Appl. Math. 10, 1, 93 -- 109.
    [65]
    Mikkel Thorup. 2008. Minimum k-way cuts via deterministic greedy tree packing. In Proceedings of STOC. ACM, 159--166.
    [66]
    Mingyu Xiao. 2010. Simple and improved parameterized algorithms for multiterminal cuts. Theory Comput. Syst. 46, 4, 723--736.
    [67]
    Chee-Keng Yap. 1983. Some consequences of non-uniform conditions on uniform classes. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 26, 287--300.

    Cited By

    View all

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Transactions on Computation Theory
    ACM Transactions on Computation Theory  Volume 6, Issue 2
    May 2014
    98 pages
    ISSN:1942-3454
    EISSN:1942-3462
    DOI:10.1145/2631196
    Issue’s Table of Contents
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 01 May 2014
    Accepted: 01 March 2014
    Revised: 01 February 2014
    Received: 01 January 2013
    Published in TOCT Volume 6, Issue 2

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. Kernelization
    2. cut problems
    3. edge clique cover
    4. parameterized complexity

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article
    • Research
    • Refereed

    Funding Sources

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)9
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2022)On some FPT problems without polynomial Turing compressionsTheoretical Computer Science10.1016/j.tcs.2021.12.017905:C(87-98)Online publication date: 22-Feb-2022
    • (2020)Dynamic Parameterized Problems and AlgorithmsACM Transactions on Algorithms10.1145/339503716:4(1-46)Online publication date: 6-Jul-2020
    • (2020)Representative Sets and Irrelevant VerticesJournal of the ACM10.1145/339088767:3(1-50)Online publication date: 2-Jun-2020
    • (2020)Computation and algorithm for the minimum k-edge-connectivity of graphsJournal of Combinatorial Optimization10.1007/s10878-020-00541-z44:3(1741-1752)Online publication date: 15-Feb-2020
    • (2019)Kernelization10.1017/9781107415157Online publication date: 3-Jan-2019
    • (2018)Directed Multicut is W[1]-hard, Even for Four Terminal PairsACM Transactions on Computation Theory10.1145/320177510:3(1-18)Online publication date: 23-May-2018
    • (2018)Fractals for Kernelization Lower BoundsSIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics10.1137/16M108874032:1(656-681)Online publication date: 20-Mar-2018
    • (2018)On the kernel size of clique cover reductions for random intersection graphsJournal of Discrete Algorithms10.1016/j.jda.2015.05.01434:C(128-136)Online publication date: 19-Dec-2018
    • (2018)On the complete width and edge clique cover problemsJournal of Combinatorial Optimization10.1007/s10878-016-0106-936:2(532-548)Online publication date: 19-Dec-2018
    • (2017)Calculating approximation guarantees for partial set cover of pairsOptimization Letters10.1007/s11590-017-1108-y11:7(1293-1302)Online publication date: 12-Jan-2017
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Get Access

    Login options

    Full Access

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media