research-article

Understanding Display Blindness in Future Display Deployments

Authors:

Nemanja Memarovic,

Florian AltAuthors Info & Claims

PerDis '15: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Pervasive Displays

Pages 7 - 14

https://doi.org/10.1145/2757710.2757719

Published: 10 June 2015 Publication History

Abstract

Digital displays are heralded as a transformative medium for communication. However, a known challenge in the domain is that of display blindness in which passersby pay little or no attention to public displays. This phenomenon has been a major motivation for much of the research on public displays. However, since the early observations, little has been done to develop our understanding of display blindness -- for example, to identify determining factors or propose appropriate metrics. Hence, the degree to which developments in signage form, content, and interaction address display blindness remains unclear. In this paper we examine and categorize current approaches to studying and addressing display blindness. Based on our analysis we identify open questions in the research space, including the impact of display physicality and audience differences, relationships with other observed effects, the impact of research interventions, and selection of appropriate metrics. The goal of this paper is to start a discussion within the community on the topic, and to inform the design of future research.

References

[1]

Alt, F. A design space for pervasive advertising on public displays. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Stuttgart, 2013.

[2]

Alt, F., Müller, J., and Schmidt, A. Advertising on Public Display Networks. IEEE Computer 45, 5 (May 2012), 50--56.

Digital Library

[3]

Alt, F., Shirazi, A. S., Kubitza, T., and Schmidt, A. Interaction techniques for creating and exchanging content with public displays. In Proceedings of CHI'13, ACM (2013).

Digital Library

[4]

Claes, S., Wouters, N., Slegers, K., and Vande Moere, A. Controlling in-the-wild evaluation studies of public displays. In Proceedings of CHI '15, ACM (2015).

Digital Library

[5]

Clinch, S., Davies, N., Friday, A., and Efstratiou, C. Reflections on the long-term use of an experimental digital signage system. In Proceedings of Ubicomp '11 (2011).

Digital Library

[6]

Dalsgaard, P., Halskov, K., and Nielsen, R. Towards a design space explorer for media facades. In Proceedings of OzCHI '08, ACM (2008).

Digital Library

[7]

Dalton, N., Collins, E., and Marshall, P. Display blindness? looking again at the visibility of situated displays using eye tracking. In Proceedings of CHI '15, ACM (2015).

Digital Library

[8]

Davies, N., Clinch, S., and Alt, F. Pervasive Displays - Understanding the Future of Digital Signage. Synthesis Lectures. Morgan and Claypool Publishers, 2014.

Digital Library

[9]

Davies, N., Langheinrich, M., José, R., and Schmidt, A. Open display networks: A communications medium for the 21st century. IEEE Computer 45 (2012).

Digital Library

[10]

Galloway, K., and Rabinowitz, S. Hole-In-Space. http://www.ecafe.com/getty/HIS/, 1980.

[11]

Goncalves, J., Ferreira, D., Hosio, S., Liu, Y., Rogstadius, J., Kukka, H., and Kostakos, V. Crowdsourcing on the spot: Altruistic use of public displays, feasibility, performance, and behaviours. In Proceedings of Ubicomp '13, ACM (2013).

Digital Library

[12]

Hardy, J., Rukzio, E., and Davies, N. Real world responses to interactive gesture based public displays. In Proceedings of MUM '11, ACM (2011).

Digital Library

[13]

Houben, S., and Weichel, C. Overcoming interaction blindness through curiosity objects. In CHI '13 EA, ACM (2013).

Digital Library

[14]

Huang, E. M., Koster, A., and Borchers, J. Overcoming assumptions and uncovering practices: When does the public really look at public displays? In Proceedings of Pervasive '08, Springer (2008).

Digital Library

[15]

Jose, R., Pinto, H., Silva, B., and Melro, A. Pins and posters: Paradigms for content publication on situated displays. Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE 33, 2 (March 2013), 64--72.

Digital Library

[16]

Kostakos, V., and Ojala, T. Public displays invade urban spaces. IEEE Pervasive Computing 12, 1 (Jan. 2013), 8--13.

Digital Library

[17]

Kukka, H., Oja, H., Kostakos, V., Gonçalves, J., and Ojala, T. What makes you click: Exploring visual signals to entice interaction on public displays. In Proceedings of CHI '13, ACM (2013).

Digital Library

[18]

Lee, K., Clinch, S., Winstanley, C., and Davies, N. I love my display: Combatting display blindness with emotional attachment. In Proceedings of PerDis '14, ACM (2014).

Digital Library

[19]

Memarovic, N., Fatah gen. Schieck, A., Kosotopoulou, E., Behrens, M., and Al-Sayed, K. Attention, an interactive display is running! integrating interactive public display within urban dis(at)tractors. Screencity Jour. 4 (2014).

[20]

Memarovic, N., Fatah gen. Schieck, A., Schnädelbach, H., Kosotopoulou, E., North, S., and Ye, L. Capture the moment: "in the wild" longitudinal case study of situated snapshots captured through an urban screen in a community setting. In Proceedings of CSCW '15, ACM (2015).

Digital Library

[21]

Memarovic, N., Langheinrich, M., and Alt, F. Connecting People through Content - Promoting Community Identity Cognition through People and Places. In Proceedings of Comm. Inf. (2011).

[22]

Memarovic, N., Langheinrich, M., and Fatah gen. Schieck, A. Community is the message: Viewing networked public displays through mcluhan's lens of figure and ground. In Proceedings of MAB '14, ACM (2014).

Digital Library

[23]

Michelis, D., and Müller, J. The audience funnel: Observations of gesture based interaction with multiple large displays in a city center. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 27, 6 (2011), 562--579.

[24]

Müller, J., Alt, F., Michelis, D., and Schmidt, A. Requirements and design space for interactive public displays. In Proceedings of MM '10, ACM (2010).

Digital Library

[25]

Müller, J., Bailly, G., Bossuyt, T., and Hillgren, N. Mirrortouch: Combining touch and mid-air gestures for public displays. In Proceedings of MobileHCI '14, ACM (2014).

Digital Library

[26]

Müller, J., Eberle, D., and Tollmar, K. Communiplay: A field study of a public display mediaspace. In Proceedings of CHI '14, ACM (2014).

Digital Library

[27]

Müller, J., Walter, R., Bailly, G., Nischt, M., and Alt, F. Looking glass: A field study on noticing interactivity of a shop window. In Proceedings of CHI '12, ACM (2012).

Digital Library

[28]

Müller, J., Wilmsmann, D., Exeler, J., Buzeck, M., Schmidt, A., Jay, T., and Krüger, A. Display blindness: The effect of expectations on attention towards digital signage. In Proceedings of Pervasive '09, Springer (2009).

Digital Library

[29]

North, S., Schnädelbach, H., Fatah gen Schieck, A., Motta, W., Ye, L., Behrens, M., and Kostopoulou, E. Tension space analysis: Exploring community requirements for networked urban screens. In Proceedings of INTERACT '13. Springer, 2013.

[30]

Ojala, T., Kostakos, V., Kukka, H., Heikkinen, T., Linden, T., Jurmu, M., Hosio, S., Kruger, F., and Zanni, D. Multipurpose interactive public displays in the wild: Three years later. IEEE Computer 45, 5 (May 2012), 42--49.

Digital Library

[31]

Ten Koppel, M., Bailly, G., Müller, J., and Walter, R. Chained displays: Configurations of public displays can be used to influence actor-, audience-, and passer-by behavior. In Proceedings of CHI '12, ACM (2012).

Digital Library

[32]

Wang, M., Boring, S., and Greenberg, S. Proxemic peddler: A public advertising display that captures and preserves the attention of a passerby. In Proceedings of PerDis '12, ACM (2012).

Digital Library

Cited By

Chang YHan SLee HLee SKim WChoi JMcCracken CSong J(2024)Understanding Instant Social Control of Shared Devices in Public Spaces: A Field TrialProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36785928:3(1-33)Online publication date: 9-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3678592
Vrebos HBiedermann PVande Moere AHermans KHannes K(2023)The StoryMapper: Piloting a Traveling Placemaking Interface for Inclusion and EmplacementSocial Inclusion10.17645/si.v11i3.661911:3Online publication date: 26-Jun-2023
https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v11i3.6619
Zhang-Kennedy LAziz SOluwadare OPan LWu ZLamorea SLi SSun MMäkelä V(2023)Passenger Perceptions, Information Preferences, and Usability of Crowding Visualizations on Public Displays in Transit Stations and VehiclesProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3581241(1-15)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544548.3581241
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Understanding Display Blindness in Future Display Deployments
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
2. Information systems
  1. Information systems applications
    1. Multimedia information systems

Recommendations

Overcoming interaction blindness through curiosity objects
CHI EA '13: CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems

In recent years there has been a widespread installation of large interactive public displays. Longitudinal studies however show that these interactive displays suffer from interaction blindness - the inability of the public to recognize the interactive ...
Display Blindness?: Looking Again at the Visibility of Situated Displays using Eye-tracking
CHI '15: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Observational studies of situated displays have suggested that they are rarely looked at, and when they are it is typically only for a short period of time. Using a mobile eye tracker during a realistic shopping task in a shopping center, we show that ...
Comparing two methods to overcome interaction blindness on public displays
PerDis '16: Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays

Nowadays overcoming interaction blindness in designing interaction methods on public displays is still a challenging task. In this work, we present our study on evaluating the effectiveness of two methods (animation and video) in overcoming people's ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

PerDis '15: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Pervasive Displays

June 2015

268 pages

ISBN:9781450336086

DOI:10.1145/2757710

General Chairs:
Sven Gehring
German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Saarbrücken, Germany
,
Antonio Krüger
German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Saarbrücken, Germany
,
Program Chairs:
Florian Alt
University of Munich, Munich, Germany
,
Nick Taylor
University of Dundee, Dundee, UK

Copyright © 2015 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Sponsors

SIGMOBILE: ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing

In-Cooperation

SIGCHI: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 10 June 2015

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed limited

Conference

PerDis '15

Sponsor:

SIGMOBILE

PerDis '15: The International Symposium on Pervasive Displays

June 10 - 12, 2015

Saarbruecken, Germany

Acceptance Rates

PerDis '15 Paper Acceptance Rate 30 of 55 submissions, 55%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 213 of 384 submissions, 55%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

32
Total Citations
View Citations
482
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)33
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)4

Reflects downloads up to 12 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Chang YHan SLee HLee SKim WChoi JMcCracken CSong J(2024)Understanding Instant Social Control of Shared Devices in Public Spaces: A Field TrialProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36785928:3(1-33)Online publication date: 9-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3678592
Vrebos HBiedermann PVande Moere AHermans KHannes K(2023)The StoryMapper: Piloting a Traveling Placemaking Interface for Inclusion and EmplacementSocial Inclusion10.17645/si.v11i3.661911:3Online publication date: 26-Jun-2023
https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v11i3.6619
Zhang-Kennedy LAziz SOluwadare OPan LWu ZLamorea SLi SSun MMäkelä V(2023)Passenger Perceptions, Information Preferences, and Usability of Crowding Visualizations on Public Displays in Transit Stations and VehiclesProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3581241(1-15)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544548.3581241
Müller MOtero NMilrad M(2023)Guiding the design and implementation of interactive public displays in educational settingsJournal of Computers in Education10.1007/s40692-023-00280-011:3(823-854)Online publication date: 7-Jul-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-023-00280-0
Gentile VFarzand HBonaccorso SRocchesso DMalizia AKhamis MSorce S(2023)User-Centered Evaluation of Different Configurations of a Touchless Gestural Interface for Interactive DisplaysHuman-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 202310.1007/978-3-031-42280-5_32(501-520)Online publication date: 25-Aug-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42280-5_32
Freire MOulasvirta ADi Francesco M(2021)Inverse ForagingProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/34781035:3(1-18)Online publication date: 14-Sep-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3478103
Alt FBuschek DHeuss DMüller J(2021)Orbuculum - Predicting When Users Intend to Leave Large Public DisplaysProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/34480755:1(1-16)Online publication date: 30-Mar-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3448075
Hirsch LEconomidou EParaschivoiu IDöring TButz AKaltenbrunner MMurer MWolf KOakley I(2021)Material Meets the City: Exploring Novel and Advanced Materials for the Smart Urban Built EnvironmentProceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction10.1145/3430524.3442701(1-5)Online publication date: 14-Feb-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3430524.3442701
Mikusz MShaw PDavies NNurmi PClinch STrotter LElhart ILangheinrich MFriday A(2021)A Longitudinal Study of Pervasive Display PersonalisationACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction10.1145/341835228:1(1-45)Online publication date: 20-Jan-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3418352
Sugiura NOgura RMatsuda YKomuro TOgawa K(2021)Users’ Content Memorization in Multi-User Interactive Public DisplaysInternational Journal of Human–Computer Interaction10.1080/10447318.2021.194868638:5(447-455)Online publication date: 6-Jul-2021
https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2021.1948686
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents