cognosco

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Italian

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Verb

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cognosco

  1. (obsolete) first-person singular present indicative of cognoscere

Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From con- (prefix indicating completion) +‎ gnōscō (“to know”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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cognōscō (present infinitive cognōscere, perfect active cognōvī, supine cognitum); third conjugation

  1. to learn, to get to know
    Synonyms: agnōscō, inveniō, sentiō, cōnsciō, sapiō, sciō, nōscō, scīscō, intellegō, percipiō, discernō, comperiō, tongeō, cernō, audiō
    Antonyms: ignōrō, nesciō
    ab (or ex) aliqua cognoscere ― to learn from someone
    • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.21:
      Eodem die ab exploratoribus certior factus hostes sub monte consedisse milia passuum ab ipsius castris octo, qualis esset natura montis et qualis in circuitu ascensus qui cognoscerent misit.
      Having been informed by explorers that the enemy had sat down at the feet of a mount about eight thousand paces away from his camp, he [Julius Caesar] sent men to know what the mount was like and what was its ascent.
    • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Ecclesiastes.3.12–13:
      Et cognovi quod non esset melius nisi laetari et facere bene in vita sua.
      Omnis enim homo qui comedit et bibit et videt bonum de labore suo: hoc donum Dei est.
      And I learned that there's nothing better than to be happy and do good in one's life. Every person who eats and drinks and sees the fruit of work: this is God's gift.
  2. to be acquainted (with someone), recognize, apprehend
    • c. 194 BCE, Plautus, Poenulus 1130:
      Giddene(ne)s. "Cognoscin Giddenenem ancillam tuam?". Hanno. Novi.
      "Do you know Giddenes, your servant maid?" "I know her".
  3. (in perfect tense) to know, perceive, understand
    Synonyms: comprehendō, dēprehendō, apprehendō, accipiō, concipiō, teneō, apīscor, capiō, complector, excipiō, cōnsequor, exaudiō
    • 86 BCE – c. 35 BCE, Sallust, Jugurtha 79:
      Cyrenenses tardius iere. Id socordiane an casu adciderit, parum cognovi.
      The Cyrenians went late. I know little about whether this event of laziness truly happened.
    • 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Ad Atticum 15.17:
      De consulum ficto timore cognoveram; Sicca enim φιλοστόργως ille quidem sed tumultuosius ad me etiam illam suspicionem pertulit.
      I knew about the consuls' imagined fear; our beloved man Sicca told me of course, even if rather disturbed, about that speculation too.
  4. to have sex with, (biblical) to know
    • 43 BCE – c. 17 CE, Ovid, The Heroines 6.133–4:
      Turpiter illa virum cognovit adultera virgo;
      me tibi, teque mihi, taeda pudica dedit.
      Shamelessly, she lay with a man as an adulterous virgin, (but) a chaste wedding torch gave me to you, and you to me.
    • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.4.1:
      Adam vero cognovit Havam uxorem suam, quae concepit et peperit Cain
      Adam knew his wife Eve, who conceived and gave birth to Cain

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of cognōscō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cognōscō cognōscis cognōscit cognōscimus cognōscitis cognōscunt
imperfect cognōscēbam cognōscēbās cognōscēbat cognōscēbāmus cognōscēbātis cognōscēbant
future cognōscam cognōscēs cognōscet cognōscēmus cognōscētis cognōscent
perfect cognōvī cognōvistī,
cognōstī1 		cognōvit cognōvimus,
cognōmus1 		cognōvistis,
cognōstis1 		cognōvērunt,
cognōvēre,
cognōrunt1
pluperfect cognōveram,
cognōram1 		cognōverās,
cognōrās1 		cognōverat,
cognōrat1 		cognōverāmus,
cognōrāmus1 		cognōverātis,
cognōrātis1 		cognōverant,
cognōrant1
future perfect cognōverō,
cognōrō1 		cognōveris,
cognōris1 		cognōverit,
cognōrit1 		cognōverimus,
cognōrimus1 		cognōveritis,
cognōritis1 		cognōverint,
cognōrint1
passive present cognōscor cognōsceris,
cognōscere 		cognōscitur cognōscimur cognōsciminī cognōscuntur
imperfect cognōscēbar cognōscēbāris,
cognōscēbāre 		cognōscēbātur cognōscēbāmur cognōscēbāminī cognōscēbantur
future cognōscar cognōscēris,
cognōscēre 		cognōscētur cognōscēmur cognōscēminī cognōscentur
perfect cognitus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect cognitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect cognitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present cognōscam cognōscās cognōscat cognōscāmus cognōscātis cognōscant
imperfect cognōscerem cognōscerēs cognōsceret cognōscerēmus cognōscerētis cognōscerent
perfect cognōverim,
cognōrim1 		cognōverīs,
cognōrīs1 		cognōverit,
cognōrit1 		cognōverīmus,
cognōrīmus1 		cognōverītis,
cognōrītis1 		cognōverint,
cognōrint1
pluperfect cognōvissem,
cognōssem1 		cognōvissēs,
cognōssēs1 		cognōvisset,
cognōsset1 		cognōvissēmus,
cognōssēmus1 		cognōvissētis,
cognōssētis1 		cognōvissent,
cognōssent1
passive present cognōscar cognōscāris,
cognōscāre 		cognōscātur cognōscāmur cognōscāminī cognōscantur
imperfect cognōscerer cognōscerēris,
cognōscerēre 		cognōscerētur cognōscerēmur cognōscerēminī cognōscerentur
perfect cognitus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect cognitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — cognōsce — — cognōscite —
future — cognōscitō cognōscitō — cognōscitōte cognōscuntō
passive present — cognōscere — — cognōsciminī —
future — cognōscitor cognōscitor — — cognōscuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives cognōscere cognōvisse,
cognōsse1 		cognitūrum esse cognōscī cognitum esse cognitum īrī
participles cognōscēns — cognitūrus — cognitus cognōscendus,
cognōscundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
cognōscendī cognōscendō cognōscendum cognōscendō cognitum cognitū

1The verb "nōscō" and its compounds frequently drop the syllables "vi" and "ve" from their perfect, pluperfect and future perfect conjugations.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Relexes of the Late Latin variant conōscō:

References

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Further reading

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  • “cognosco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “cognosco”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • cognosco in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to study Plato: Platonem legere et cognoscere
    • to hold an inquiry into a matter: aliquid, causam cognoscere
  • cognosco in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
  • cognosco in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
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