Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                

Descubre millones de libros electrónicos, audiolibros y mucho más con una prueba gratuita

Desde $11.99 al mes después de la prueba. Puedes cancelar en cualquier momento.

El gran Gatsby
El gran Gatsby
El gran Gatsby
Libro electrónico225 páginas3 horas

El gran Gatsby

Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

4/5

()

Leer vista previa

Información de este libro electrónico

«El gran Gatsby tiene pocos rivales como la gran novela americana del siglo XX. Al volver a leerla, una vez más, mi inicial y primera reacción es de renovado placer» Harold Bloom.

¿Quién es Gatsby, el personaje que da nombre a uno de los mitos creados por la novela del siglo XX? Jay Gatsby es un misterio, el hombre que se inventó a sí mismo y ha montado una inmensa fiesta para reconquistar a la deslumbrante Daisy Buchanan, que una vez lo quiso. Nadie sabe de dónde ha salido. Estamos en la primera hora de la Edad del Jazz, en los felices y cinematográficos años veinte, en Nueva York, tiempo de diversión y emoción, orquestas y tiroteos. Gatsby vive en una fabulosa casa de Long Island, y a sus bailes acude «el mundo entero y su amante», cientos de criaturas a quienes no hace falta invitar, insectos alrededor de la luz del festín. La puerta está abierta, y la atracción más enigmática del espectáculo es el dueño de la casa, un millonario que quizá sea un asesino o un espía, sobrino del emperador de Alemania o primo del demonio, héroe de guerra al servicio de su país, los Estados Unidos de América, o simplemente un gángster, un muchacho sin nada que se convirtió en rico. Lo vemos con los ojos del narrador, Nick Carraway, que dice ser honrado y haber aprendido a no juzgar a nadie. En el verano de 1922, buen año para la especulación financiera y la corrupción y los negocios que se confunden con el bandidismo, parece que sólo hubo fiestas y reuniones para comer y beber, y que pocas veladas acabaron sin perturbación. Hay amantes que rompen con una llamada telefónica la paz de un matrimonio, y una nariz rota, y un coche que se hunde humorísticamente en la cuneta, y un homicidio involuntario, y un asesinato, pero la diversión recomienza siempre. Jay Gatsby es un héroe trágico que se va destruyendo conforme se acerca a su sueño: la reconquista de una mujer a la que dejó para irse a la guerra en Europa. Quiere cumplir su deseo más inaccesible: recuperar el pasado, el momento en que conquistó a Daisy Buchanan. La antítesis del desarraigado Gatsby es Tom Buchanan, marido de Daisy. Posee una identidad de hierro, sin discusión, ciudadano de valores sólidos, que cree en la familia, la herencia, el patrimonio y la supremacía de la raza blanca. Tiene una capacidad descomunal para imponerse. Y alrededor de los Buchanan se fraguará un desgraciado pentágono amoroso, quebrado y desigual, como la sociedad de la época, tan igualitaria en sus espectáculos y diversiones democráticas. La revista Liberty se negó a publicar por entregas El gran Gatsby, a la que consideró una inmoral historia de amantes y adúlteros.

IdiomaEspañol
Fecha de lanzamiento27 oct 2011
ISBN9788433933232
Autor

Justo Navarro

Justo Navarro (Granada, 1953),premio de la Crítica por su libro de poemas Un aviador prevé su muerte, ha publicado en Anagrama las novelas Accidentes íntimos (Premio Herralde de Novela): «Un paso adelante en una trayectoria cada vez más densa y cuajada» (Santos Sanz Villanueva, Diario 16); La casa del padre (Premio Andalucía de la Crítica): «Una novela de clima inolvidable» (Felipe Benítez Reyes); El alma del controlador aéreo: «Turbadora gran novela» (Enrique Vila-Matas); F. (Premio Ciudad de Barcelona): «Excelente» (Ricardo Senabre, El Mundo); Finalmusik: «Con sentido del humor y su aguda visión crítica subraya algunas de las grandes paradojas de nuestro tiempo» (María Luisa Blanco, El País); El espía: «Fascinante» (José Luis Amores, Revista de Letras); Gran Granada (Premio Andalucía de la Crítica): «Una novela negra que no renuncia a ser una novela del propio Navarro, con su estilo riguroso, inteligente, tajante» (Nadal Suau, El Cultural); Petit Paris: «Una historia llena de tensión narrativa, con un lenguaje que amplía todas las posibilidades de la novela negra» (J. A. Masoliver Ródenas, La Vanguardia),  Bologna Boogie: «El comisario Polo forma parte ya de lo mejor que nos ha dado el policiaco nacional, junto y entre Plinio y Carvalho. Otra prueba más del gran novelista que es Justo Navarro» (José Luis G. Gómez, La Opinión de Málaga) y DumDum, estudio de grabación, así como los ensayos El videojugador: «Hacen falta libros como este, capaces de romper la inercia del pensamiento y de actualizar el placer de la curiosidad libre de prejuicios» (Sergio del Molino, Revista Mercurio), y, con José María Pérez Zúñiga, La carta robada. El caso del posfranquismo democrático.

Lee más de Justo Navarro

Relacionado con El gran Gatsby

Títulos en esta serie (100)

Ver más

Libros electrónicos relacionados

Ficción literaria para usted

Ver más

Artículos relacionados

Categorías relacionadas

Comentarios para El gran Gatsby

Calificación: 3.8513390777990706 de 5 estrellas
4/5

20,873 clasificaciones510 comentarios

¿Qué te pareció?

Toca para calificar

Los comentarios deben tener al menos 10 palabras

  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    When I first read this story, I viewed it as a tragic tale of star-crossed lovers. Poor Gatsby. Poor Daisy. Why couldn't they be together? Why couldn't Daisy have just stayed strong and admitted that she loved him? Coming to it now, in the span of years - well, just a few years longer than the span between Daisy and Gatsby's first and second meetings - now, it seems like a cautionary tale, one about how you can mess up your life when you are young, if you aren't careful, of how sometimes there are no good choices, and sometimes, if you haven't grown up, you make all the wrong decisions grasping after some ideal of what life is supposed to be.

    If you haven't read this yet, and you are reading it for pleasure, go away and read it. Don't read this, as it will be full of spoilers. Ok, you've been warned.

    When Daisy was 18, and a spoiled rich girl without plans, she met a young, poor officer, and fell in love. But being a rich girl, marrying a poor boy wasn't 'the thing to do', so he told her to wait - after the war, he would make his fortune and come back for her. But she didn't wait. This is where every reviewer I've read online finds fault with her. And I did too, when I was younger. I still hope I would've waited, in her place. But then I think, we're being too modern here, folks. Remember, women's lib came after Daisy. All the women she knew that she identified with - well, they had no marketable skills. They don't even take care of their own children. To deviate from the model she saw before her - dutiful, idle wife dressing up in pretty clothes - well, what would she have done instead? Daisy wasn't a brave girl. When she tried to be, the night before her wedding, she had her 'friend', Jordan, the voice of her place in society, of convention, around to tell her that it would never work out. To wait for Gatsby, while it might have seemed emotionally right, conventionally, it wasn't the right thing to do. She would've lost touch with her friends, her family...and what if he hadn't come back rich? Again, she had no marketable skills. What could she have done to help him? (Arguably, plenty - but not in Daisy's mind! She wasn't reading Simone de Beauvoir and Betty Friedan - the women around her did certain things and the men did others. To think of breaking free from that pattern would not even have occurred to her!)

    So Daisy gets married and she hopes for the best. The best doesn't happen. Her husband cheats constantly. Except that he does seem fond of her, in a Don and Betty Draper way (you'll have to excuse me here - I never got beyond the second season of Mad Men - so little time, so many movies on Netflix.) . Life goes on. They meet with friends. They sit out in the garden and birdwatch. He buys her jewelry, takes her to Europe, etc. Life is in some kind of stasis.

    THEN - who should appear but her high school boyfriend! Ok, we don't know whether she went to high school, but lets think about this. She was 18 years old back then. Gatsby really was her first love. She did love him a lot back then. If he had asked her to marry him immediately, and not to wait, of course she would have. In her mind, only circumstances ever kept them apart. And now, here he is. Now that 8 years have passed, and she has a daughter and an unhappy marriage. But still, a marriage. What WOULD the right thing to do be here? What would you do, as a grown, married, adult, if your high school boyfriend showed up with the house of your dreams and a scrapbook full of photos of you, and promised to give you everything he couldn't the first time?

    This is where Daisy seems so young to me. Because for a moment, this looks like the right thing to do to her. She indulges it. She wants to escape from this more adult life she's been living. Forget the part about them being rich, callous and blase. That may be true. But also, it looks to me like a quarterlife crisis. She is married, and that's kind of rocky. She has a daughter that she's not quite sure what to do with. Can't they just dress up in their high school clothes and pretend to be 18 again? Because that's what she really appears to want to do. When Gatsby asks her to confront her husband, then it is forcefully brought home to her - they AREN'T kids anymore. She must feel some obligation to her family, at least to her daughter, if not to her husband - and then her husband reminds her of all the things they have been through together. Would you leave your husband for your high school boyfriend, at that point? I wouldn't. (Not that I would, in any case - sorry high school boyfriend - you were a nice guy! But it was a LONG time ago, and I kind of love my family - yes, even the big one with the moustache - thankfully NOTHING like Daisy's husband!)

    The book seems to present Myrtle, not just as a counterpart love story - Tom cheats, Daisy cheats, etc. - but as - well, what WOULD Daisy's life have been like if she had married Gatsby instead of Tom? Would he have been driven to make all the money? Or would she have become a Myrtle, trapped in poverty, but desperate to live in high society - hating her husband and her circumstances. I feel like, as a modern person, it's hard to have sympathy for Myrtle. You want to say, "Dude, poverty's not so bad. There's a lot of stuff I want right now, but it's not driving me to drink and run into the street or anything." But imagine, for a minute, that the women around you don't work. They don't teach you that you grow up and get a job. They teach you that if you are pretty, you will grow up and get married. Then, your husband will make the money, and you, if you have done everything right, will live this certain kind of life. Everyone you know lives this same kind of life. They go to parties. They fence on the lawn. They have tea. That's what they do. All of your friends do it. They don't work. If you were to go out and get a job - well, silly you - women don't have JOBS - well unless you're a nanny. Or a maid. But we don't associate with those guys. I would argue that, to a girl in Daisy's class in the 1920s, that's as if a modern woman were to say, "It's ok if we're poor. I'll just go work in a sweatshop." That's about the level of social prestige among her friends she would continue to have if she were going out to work. Daisy doesn't know anyone at all who is a family member or peer who works. To her, it just isn't done. In the same way that you or I, we don't say, it's ok if I can't buy my own clothes, I'll just spin them (and if you can do that, I am in total awe of you. But I can't!). It is something that is almost inconceivable to her. While she doesn't appear to have made up her mind to be totally conventional and satisfied with her life (like Jordan), she doesn't want to end up like Myrtle either. Not knowing an alternative, all she really knows how to do is 'go along to get along'.

    So, except for her bad driving and total disregard for hit and run accidents, I feel more sympathetic to Daisy this time around. She seems like she's just trying to do the right thing, and she hasn't yet figured out what the right thing is, and she sure doesn't have a good example around to follow, in any of her friends or, presumably, her parents, who pushed her into this life to start with and presumably live in much the same way. And Gatsby - well, I like him -- he's idealistic and sentimental, and honest (if you overlook the mob ties), and he certainly goes for what he wants...but he's kind of a creeper too, isn't he? Unhealthily attached to his teenage years.

    It was interesting, reading it again. What do you think? Was Gatsby and Daisy's love affair tragic, or just an unfortunate series of mistakes? What books have you read again that seemed completely different the second time around?
  • Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas
    5/5
    Great twist and critique of decay in the 1920's. I enjoyed the way in which the story was told as a series of flash backs to bring the significance of the events as they unfolded.
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    The Great Gatsby is like the Queen (the band, I mean, though Her Majesty might work just the same) of literature: they're both exceedingly overrated (hope I'm not ruffling too many feathers here, but I had to say it). That's not to say they're bad, per se, I just don't understand all the hype. Honestly, the only reason I think the Great Gatsby gets all the acclaim is because it was so American at the time, and so of course, the Yankees went wild (it's just a joke; please don't kill me). But I would never consider this novel the "Great American Novel" over the Grapes of Wrath, especially with lines like this:

    “I was within and without, simultaneously enchanted and repelled by the inexhaustible variety of life.”

    Help, I'm dying of hyperbole!
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    I remember reading this in high school, but I believe most of it went right over my head. It was far more interesting this time around! Fitzgerald really made the wealthy lifestyle sound appealing! And then he made it sound shallow and sad. But his writing is so poetic and articulate, really painting the picture for me, that I hung on every single word!
  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    Another classic book that suffers from cultural osmosis having rendered its themes worn out by later imitation. Sort of the anti-Breakfast at Tiffany's.
  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    Ridiculously over-rated.
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    Summary: Great little book about a dreamer who doesn't give up.

    Things I liked:

    The writing is beautiful.
    The story is succinct and efficient.

    Things I thought could be improved:

    No idea. I enjoyed it from start to finish.

    Highlight:

    The first time Nick sees Gatsby almost made me cry it was so beautiful. I got chills.
  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    Admittedly not a bad book, but oh! I just want to slap everyone upside the head - some repeatedly.
  • Calificación: 1 de 5 estrellas
    1/5
    How this is an American classic, I will never know. The book is short and barely has any character development. You don't route for anyone nor really care about finding about anybody's back story - including Gatsby himself. The book does do an ok job of portraying that "rich, post-World War I, 1920s era apathy generation" but the problem with portraying apathy is that your readers are going to be apathetic. There is one part of the book that has some "action" in it but it's so shoe horned in for the sole purpose of rapping up the story that it's almost unbelievable. For those that poo-poo Twilight for "stalker" type mentality of Edward, you have the same behavior in Gatsby as well. I was very underwhelmed and feel sorry for the countless public school students who had to suffer through this book. The one positive thing I can say is that it wasn't as boring as "Wuthering Heights". Final Grade - F
  • Calificación: 1 de 5 estrellas
    1/5
    It’s great, if you want to be slapped in the face with symbolism so glaringly obvious that comes off as patronizing, shallow, overly-simplistic, and trite. I found absolutely nothing interesting or redeeming about this book. I honestly have no idea why it’s considered so great. It’s certainly not an example of symbolism done right. It’s an example of symbolism so obvious it’s impossible to miss.
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    I didn't like this book when I first read it in high school. Twenty years later, the book makes sense. It's understandable. And it's amazing.

    I can relate to the characters: the human foibles and weaknesses, the passions that drive people to become victim to a dream, and the ruthlessness of people who have or don't have money.

    What a difference a book can make in the expanse of twenty years...
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    Well it's a classic for a reason, no need to review just let me say that if you haven't read it you really should just to see what a great writer Fitzgerald was. The movie was good but you miss the language that Fitzgerald uses to tell the story. Also really timely as we see rich folks doing whatever pleases them no matter the cost.
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    I first found the language superfluous, but after a bit found it to be lovely. =P I'll have to watch the Redford and DiCaprio versions now that I've read it.
  • Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas
    5/5
    Edit 5/2/2020
    You can still read my original review below but I just wanted to add this the review because I recently spent a whole semester at my university analyzing this book as a part of a multidisciplinary program. We went to a ballet adaptation of the novel, toured St. Paul to see where Fitzgerald grew up, saw and analyzed many different movie adaptations, including an opera version, as well as learn about an off-broadway play adaptation. This program really gave me a new appreciation of a classic that I already enjoyed and I think really demonstrated to me why this book has been a part of high school literature classes and required reading for so long and how prescient it was, both in it’s time and in how it relates to now in our post-2008 funicular crisis world. I know this book isn’t for everyone but I really want to encourage people to pick this us and really think about what this book is saying and how it’s themes still continue to affect all of our lives.

    ————————————————————————

    I genuinely enjoyed this book a lot. I still haven't read a lot of classics and I'm working to change that. This book was written so eloquently all while still delivering an incredibly powerful message about wealth and greed and what can become of obsession and centering your life entirely around another person. It's really incredible that Fitzgerald didn't know the Great Depression was coming when he wrote this novel because he delivers such a strong critique on the focus of society that would lead to the Great Depression. I don't think this book is hopeless however. I don't like that the movie cut out the fact that gatsbys father shows up at his funeral because I think it is a critical part of the message of the novel. Over all I think this book is incredible and has a very important message.

  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    Poignant. Beautiful language. I can see why it's a classic. A surprising story. I don't know how I hadn't read it before.
  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    I went into this with really low expectations based on what a lot of people told me about the book, but it wasn't as bad as I was led to believe. It wasn't amazing either, but it was ok.
  • Calificación: 1 de 5 estrellas
    1/5
    I never got into this book...perhaps I read it too late. Even a dapper young Robert Redford couldn't sway me. Eh.
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    First part was very slow for me.
    It got interesting when he visited his cousin.
    Wanna know why?
    Read it yourself.
  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    Each time I read this, I wonder why it's a classic, but then again, it is a complicated plot with believable characters and the setting seems a part of the story. Yet???
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    I first read this book when I was 12 and have re-read it once a year every year since then, so I calculate that I have read it about three dozen times. I never get tired of it; the writing is superb. To me, it is simply the tale of the events of one summer in the 1920's, told from the viewpoint of Nick Carraway. This book has a few very wise observations on human nature. My favorite sub-theme in this novel is the transplanted-Midwesterner-in-New York; Carraway mentions that Tom, Daisy, Jordon, Gatsby and himself have all migrated from the great heartland. I can't help but thinking that Fitzgerald thought that this was a key factor for all the characters and their actions and reactions. After Memorial Day (this book is a summertime book, I can't read it in the winter) I will track this book down, get it out and enjoy it again.
  • Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas
    5/5
    I think The Great Gatsby is an amazing book. I put off reading it for a long time since I did not enjoy the movie with DiCaprio so much and due to my complete unfamiliarity with 20th-century American literature, I guess.

    I found Fitzgeralds work extremely compelling, very dense and written in beautiful prose. I was especially amazed to find dialogue descriptions that were almost - dare I say it? - Dostoyevskian in style and pace.

    The description of the early 20th century (upper class) life in New York was also fun to read and compare with the similar time period from Agatha Christies' English backdrops.

    A wonderful read on so many levels, greatly recommended!
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    I remember reading this in High School and from memory I remember that it was a pretty good book. It is definitely a classic and people should read it.
  • Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas
    4/5
    After having read this back in high school, I bought this and read it again before the movie came out. I quite enjoyed the book. If you go into it thinking that this is a story of 1920's success and excess, you'll not be disappointed by the shallow, self-centered characters. By shallow, I don't mean they weren't written well, I mean they were shallow people. This really is a great people study story and an interesting one.
  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    The Great Gatsby has been on my TBR list for years, and I finally got around to it via audiobook read by Tim Robbins. The story is tragic yet beautifully written, and Robbins does a great job acting the part of each of the characters. My only complaint of his narration is that sometimes his voice lowers at the end of his sentences, thus making it hard to hear the words so that I had to rewind several times so as not to miss parts of the story. I solved the problem by turning up the volume a bit more than I’m used to listening to it. Otherwise, he is a good voice actor who gives the book a worthy audio performance. Even though I haven’t seen the movie, I saw the trailer enough times that Gatsby will forever look like Leonardo DiCaprio in my mind. 3 stars.
  • Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas
    5/5
    After receiving an early copy of the graphic novel adaptation I thought it was beautifully done. The images are stunning and it is a great new take on the classic tale I already loved.
  • Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas
    5/5
    F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby remains the classic work of American fiction set during the jazz age, employing metaphoric language to convey all the hopes and tragedies of the era. Plenty has been written about the novel by scholars and fans alike, but Fitzgerald’s visual language remains the most striking part of the work for me. Despite its status as a classic, The Great Gatsby does employ racial and ethnic stereotypes in Fitzgerald’s effort to recreate the various different cultures in 1920s New York City. These may offer a teaching opportunity for some, but K. Woodman-Maynard chose to omit them in her graphic novel adaptation, thereby making the story more accessible for young and middle-readers.
  • Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas
    5/5
    The summer of 1922 on Long Island, interrupted by brief day trips onto Manhattan, is the setting of this short, brilliant tragedy of doomed love and the brittle and transitory nature of success in America following the Great War of 1914-1918. Quitting the Midwest to seek his fortune on Wall Street, veteran and ivy league graduate Nick Carraway rents a house in West Egg, Long Island. He describes it as “a weatherbeaten cardboard bungalow.” While his dwelling is modest, it sits right on Long Island Sound, next door to an enormous mansion owned by a Mr. Gatsby. He’s invited to dinner at another great house nearby, in the more fashionable East Egg, just across a small bay from West Egg. It’s the home of Tom Buchanan, a classmate of his at Yale, and his very charming wife, Daisy. Daisy is Nick’s second cousin once removed, originally from Louisville, Kentucky. She’s invited a friend from back home, Jordan Baker, to meet Nick. Miss Baker is an attractive and successful tennis player. Dinner is interrupted when the butler calls Tom to the telephone. When Tom is out of the room, the women confide in Nick that Tom has a mistress, and that all is not happy in the Buchanan home. A few days later Nick gets another invitation. “A chauffeur in a uniform of robin’s-egg blue crossed my lawn that Saturday morning with a surprisingly formal note from his employer: the honor would be entirely Gatsby’s, it said, if I would attend his ‘little party’ that night.” Since Nick has watched trucks full of caterers and crates of oranges and lemons arriving at Gatsby’s for most of the week, he knows that the party is not going to be little. Especially when he witnesses an orchestra arriving. And it’s not. When he arrives, the mansion is filled with crowds of people from the city, most of whom, he thinks, were not invited, they just showed up.All though most of these people are strangers to Nick, he encounters Jordan Baker there, and together they explore the magnificence of the interior of the house and the assorted throngs of people. Many of whom confide in him the latest gossip they’ve heard about the mysterious Gatsby and the source of his wealth with a hint that it might not be entirely legal. As they circulate around, Nick and Jordan encounter their host. Nick is surprised to discover that he’s a young man like himself. He “had expected that Mr. Gatsby would be a florid and corpulent person in his middle years.” In fact, his wealthy neighbor is a fellow veteran who is particularly interested in Nick because of his connection to Daisy. He wants Nick to invite her to his house for tea. Gatsby wants to come by while she’s there, as if he were just casually dropping in. Daisy is his first love. In fact, he purchased the expensive mansion next door to Nick, just to be close to her. This British edition produced for an educational market follows the text with a helpful 1967 commentary by J.F. Watt, a bibliography, and notes as well as a glossary of American terms to help U.K. readers decipher unfamiliar term used on the far side of the Atlantic, for example: “Shift: the gear system or gear change on a car (page 104)” and Sidewalks: Pavements (page 96).” Americans may also notice a few British spelling in the text.
  • Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas
    5/5
    I was pleasantly surprised. I really liked it, though I believe reading it in the sun, late spring, really added to my enjoyment of the book.
  • Calificación: 5 de 5 estrellas
    5/5
    Prose, prose & prose. My first Fitzgerald & it is beautifully short & contains some of the best words that were ever written.
  • Calificación: 3 de 5 estrellas
    3/5
    This is basically a book about vapid rich people being rich and vapid. I actually ended up quite liking it; I think it showed well the upper classes' self-absorption and complete dissociation from everyday life, which means they have nothing better to do than organise their own sordid love lives. There are beautiful descriptions here, like that Daisy's voice is "full of money"; she can be so happy and carefree and delightful because she has too much money to have to care about anything important. I found it a neat skewering of the rich and powerful.

    I had intended to read this before going to see the movie when it came out last summer, but then I never made plans to see the movie and thus had no incentive to read the book. It stayed on my "to-read" shelf for so long that eventually I deleted it, but then I found myself on a plane home from Hobart with no other novels on my Kindle that I hadn't read already, so I started with this one.

    I guess one of the reasons I hesitated so long is I knew it was one of those books that lots of people study at school (although not me evidently), and most of the books I studied at school were kind of boring, so I thought this was going to be one of those. I am happy to say that it wasn't. It probably would've been if it had gone on any longer, but it didn't, so it wasn't. I'd definitely recommend it. (Jan 2014)

Vista previa del libro

El gran Gatsby - Justo Navarro

Índice

Portada

EL GRAN GATSBY

EPÍLOGO: LOS ESPEJOS DE GATSBY

Créditos

Notas

Ponte el sombrero de oro, si la impresionas así;

y, si sabes saltar alto, salta por ella, que exclame:

¡Mi amante, buen saltador, el del sombrero de oro,

tienes que ser para mí!

THOMAS PARKE D’INVILLIERS¹

Una vez más, a Zelda

1

Cuando yo era más joven y más vulnerable, mi padre me dio un consejo en el que no he dejado de pensar desde entonces.

«Antes de criticar a nadie», me dijo, «recuerda que no todo el mundo ha tenido las ventajas que has tenido tú.»

Eso fue todo, pero, dentro de nuestra reserva, siempre nos hemos entendido de un modo poco común, y comprendí que sus palabras significaban mucho más. En consecuencia, suelo reservarme mis juicios, costumbre que me ha permitido descubrir a personajes muy curiosos y también me ha convertido en víctima de no pocos pesados incorregibles. La mente anómala detecta y aprovecha enseguida esa cualidad cuando la percibe en una persona corriente, y se dio el caso de que en la universidad me acusaran injustamente de intrigante, por estar al tanto de los pesares secretos de algunos individuos inaccesibles y difíciles. La mayoría de las confidencias no las buscaba yo: muchas veces he fingido dormir, o estar sumido en mis preocupaciones, o he demostrado una frivolidad hostil al primer signo inconfundible de que una revelación íntima se insinuaba en el horizonte; porque las revelaciones íntimas de los jóvenes, o al menos los términos en que las hacen, por regla general son plagios y adolecen de omisiones obvias. No juzgar es motivo de esperanza infinita. Todavía creo que perdería algo si olvidara que, como sugería mi padre con cierto esnobismo, y como con cierto esnobismo repito ahora, el más elemental sentido de la decencia se reparte desigualmente al nacer.

Y, después de presumir así de mi tolerancia, me veo obligado a admitir que tiene un límite. Me da lo mismo, superado cierto punto, que la conducta se funde sobre piedra o sobre terreno pantanoso. Cuando volví del Este el otoño pasado, era consciente de que deseaba un mundo en uniforme militar, en una especie de vigilancia moral permanente; no deseaba más excursiones desenfrenadas y con derecho a privilegiados atisbos del corazón humano. La única excepción fue Gatsby, el hombre que da título a este libro: Gatsby, que representaba todo aquello por lo que siento auténtico desprecio. Si la personalidad es una serie ininterrumpida de gestos logrados, entonces había en Gatsby algo magnífico, una exacerbada sensibilidad para las promesas de la vida, como si estuviera conectado a una de esas máquinas complejísimas que registran terremotos a quince mil kilómetros de distancia. Tal sensibilidad no tiene nada que ver con esa sensiblería fofa a la que dignificamos con el nombre de «temperamento creativo»: era un don extraordinario para la esperanza, una disponibilidad romántica como nunca he conocido en nadie y como probablemente no volveré a encontrar. No: Gatsby, al final, resultó ser como es debido. Fue lo que lo devoraba, el polvo viciado que dejaban sus sueños, lo que por un tiempo acabó con mi interés por los pesares inútiles y los entusiasmos insignificantes de los seres humanos.

Mi familia ha gozado, desde hace tres generaciones, de influencia y bienestar en esta ciudad del Medio Oeste. Los Carraway son como un clan, y existe entre nosotros la tradición de que descendemos de los duques de Buccleuch, pero el verdadero fundador de nuestra rama familiar fue el hermano de mi abuelo, que llegó aquí en 1851, pagó por que otro fuera en su lugar a la Guerra Civil, y fundó la empresa de ferretería al por mayor de la que hoy día se ocupa mi padre.

No llegué a conocer a mi tío abuelo, pero dicen que me parezco a él, especialmente al adusto retrato que mi padre tiene colgado en su despacho. Terminé los estudios en New Haven¹ en 1915, exactamente un cuarto de siglo después que mi padre, y poco más tarde participé en esa abortada migración teutónica conocida como la Gran Guerra. Disfruté de tal modo la contraofensiva que volví lleno de desasosiego. El Medio Oeste ya no me parecía el centro candente del mundo, sino el último y miserable confín del universo, y decidí irme al Este y aprender los secretos de la compraventa de bonos. Todos mis conocidos se dedicaban a los bonos, así que pensé que el negocio podría mantener a uno más. Mis tías y mis tíos debatieron el asunto como si me estuvieran buscando colegio, y por fin dijeron: «Bien, bien..., sí», muy serios, con expresión de duda. Mi padre aceptó financiarme durante un año y, después de varios aplazamientos, me fui al Este en la primavera de 1922, para siempre, o eso creía.

Lo práctico era buscar alojamiento en la ciudad, pero hacía mucho calor, y yo llegaba de un país generoso en césped y árboles hospitalarios, de modo que cuando un compañero de oficina me sugirió alquilar juntos una casa en un pueblo de los alrededores, me pareció una gran idea. Él encontró la casa, un bungalow de cartón maltratado por los elementos, a ochenta dólares al mes, pero a última hora la empresa lo mandó a Washington, y me fui solo al campo. Tenía un perro, o por lo menos lo tuve unos días, hasta que se escapó, un Dodge viejo y una señora finlandesa, que me hacía la cama y el desayuno, y murmuraba refranes finlandeses junto a la cocina eléctrica.

Me sentí solo durante un día, más o menos, hasta que una mañana alguien que había llegado después que yo me paró en la carretera.

–¿Cómo se va a West Egg? –me preguntó, despistado.

Se lo dije. Y, cuando proseguí mi camino, ya no me sentía solo. Yo era un guía, un explorador, uno de los primeros colonos. Aquel hombre me había conferido el honor de ser ciudadano del lugar.

Y así, con la luz del sol y la explosión espléndida de las hojas que crecían en los árboles como crecen las cosas en las películas a cámara rápida, tuve la certeza bien conocida de que la vida vuelve a empezar con el verano.

¡Había tanto que leer, por una parte, y tanta salud que aspirar del aire nuevo y vivificador! Compré un montón de libros sobre la banca, el crédito y el mercado de valores, que, de pie en la estantería, encuadernados en rojo y oro, como dinero recién salido de la fábrica, prometían revelarme los radiantes secretos que sólo Midas, Morgan¹ y Mecenas conocían. Y tenía además el elevado propósito de leer muchos otros libros. En la universidad había sentido ciertas inclinaciones literarias –un año escribí para el Yale News una serie de artículos de fondo llenos de tópicos y de solemnidad– y ahora iba a revivir aquello hasta volver a convertirme en el más limitado de todos los especialistas, «el hombre completo». Esto no es sólo un epigrama, porque, después de todo, a la vida se la observa mejor desde una sola ventana.

Fue una casualidad que alquilara una casa en una de las comunidades más extrañas de América del Norte. Estaba en esa isla estrecha y bulliciosa que se extiende al este de Nueva York y donde se forman, entre otras curiosidades naturales, dos raras masas de tierra. A unos treinta kilómetros de la ciudad dos huevos enormes, de idéntico perfil y separados únicamente por una pequeña bahía, destacan en el volumen de agua salada más domesticado del hemisferio occidental, el estrecho de Long Island, gran corral de humedad. No son perfectamente ovales –como el huevo de Colón, los dos están aplastados por la parte en la que se apoyan–, pero su parecido físico debe de ser fuente de perpetua maravilla para las gaviotas que los sobrevuelan. Para las criaturas sin alas resulta un fenómeno más interesante su disimilitud en cualquier detalle que no sea la forma y el tamaño.

Yo vivía en West Egg, el..., bueno, el menos elegante de los dos huevos, aunque ésta sea la fórmula más superficial para expresar el raro contraste entre ambos, bastante siniestro. Mi casa estaba en el extremo del huevo, a unos cincuenta metros del estrecho, comprimida entre dos imponentes mansiones que se alquilaban a doce o quince mil dólares por temporada. La que se alzaba a mi derecha era colosal sin discusión, copia fiel de algún Hôtel de Ville de Normandía, con una torre en uno de los laterales, extraordinariamente nueva bajo una barba rala de hiedra joven, una piscina de mármol, y veinte hectáreas de jardines y césped. Era la mansión de Gatsby. O, con mayor precisión, puesto que yo no conocía a mister Gatsby, era la mansión de un caballero que se llamaba así. Mi casa era un horror, pero un horror insignificante, en el que nadie había reparado, así que contaba con vistas al mar y a una parte del césped de mi vecino, además de con la reconfortante proximidad de los millonarios, y todo por ochenta dólares al mes.

Al otro lado de la pequeña bahía los palacios blancos del elegante East Egg rutilaban en el agua, y la historia de aquel verano empieza precisamente la noche en que fui a cenar a casa de Tom Buchanan. Daisy era prima lejana mía, y a Tom lo conocía de la universidad. Y, recién acabada la guerra, pasé con ellos en Chicago un par de días.

El marido de Daisy, entre otros logros físicos, había sido uno de los extremos con más potencia que jamás jugó al fútbol en New Haven: una figura nacional, podría decirse, uno de esos hombres que a los veintiún años alcanzan en algún tipo determinado de actividad tal grado de excelencia, que todo lo que viene después sabe a decepción. Su familia era desmedidamente rica –hasta el punto de que en la universidad su liberalidad con el dinero era motivo de censura–, pero ahora se había trasladado de Chicago al Este, con un estilo de vida que cortaba la respiración; por ejemplo, se había traído una cuadra de ponis de polo de Lake Forest. Era difícil entender que un miembro de mi generación fuese lo suficientemente rico para permitirse una cosa así.

No sé por qué se vinieron al Este. Habían pasado un año en Francia sin ningún motivo concreto, y luego habían ido de un sitio a otro, sin sosiego, a donde se jugara al polo o se reunieran los ricos. Ahora se habían mudado para siempre, me dijo Daisy por teléfono, pero no lo creí: no podía ver el corazón de Daisy, pero sabía que Tom seguiría buscando ansiosa y eternamente la turbulencia dramática de algún irrecuperable partido de fútbol.

Y entonces, un tarde de viento y calor, fui a East Egg para ver a dos viejos amigos a los que apenas conocía. Su casa era incluso más exquisita de lo que me esperaba, una alegre mansión colonial roja y blanca, de estilo georgiano, con vistas a la bahía. El césped nacía en la playa y se extendía a lo largo de medio kilómetro hasta la puerta principal, salvando relojes de sol, senderos de terracota y jardines encendidos, para, por fin, al llegar a la casa, como aprovechando el impulso de la carrera, escalar la pared transformado en enredaderas saludables. Rompía la fachada una sucesión de puertas de cristales, que refulgían con reflejos de oro y se abrían de par en par al viento y al calor de la tarde. Tom Buchanan, en traje de montar, estaba de pie en el porche, con las piernas abiertas.

Había cambiado desde los tiempos de New Haven. Ahora era un hombre de treinta años, fuerte, rubio como la paja, con un rictus de dureza en la boca y aires de suficiencia. Los ojos, brillantes de arrogancia, dominaban su cara y le daban aspecto de estar echado agresivamente hacia delante, siempre. Ni siquiera la elegancia ostentosa y afeminada del traje de montar lograba ocultar el enorme vigor de ese cuerpo: parecía llenar aquellas botas relucientes hasta tensar los cordones que las remataban, y era perceptible la reacción de la imponente masa muscular cuando el hombro se movía bajo la chaqueta ligera. Era un cuerpo capaz de desarrollar una fuerza enorme: un cuerpo cruel.

Cuando hablaba, su voz de tenor, ronca y bronca, aumentaba la impresión de displicencia que transmitía. Aquella voz tenía un dejo de desprecio paternal, incluso hacia la gente que le caía simpática. Había hombres en New Haven que lo detestaban.

«Bueno, no vayas a pensar que mi opinión es definitiva», parecía decir, «sólo porque sea más fuerte y más hombre que tú.» Pertenecíamos a la misma asociación de estudiantes, y aunque nunca fuimos amigos íntimos, siempre tuve la impresión de caerle bien, de que necesitaba mi estima con aquel ansia triste, dura y desafiante, tan suya.

Hablamos unos minutos en el porche, al sol.

–Está bien este sitio –dijo, mirando a todas partes con ojos inquietos.

Hizo que me volviera, cogiéndome del brazo, y fue señalando con la mano grande y abierta el panorama que se extendía ante nosotros, incluyendo en su recorrido un jardín a la italiana, dos mil metros cuadrados de rosales de penetrante e intenso olor, y una lancha motora, chata de proa, a la que zarandeaba la marea a poca distancia de la costa.

–Era de Demaine, el del petróleo. –Otra vez me obligó a volverme, brusco y cortés–. Entremos.

Atravesamos un vestíbulo de techo muy alto hasta un espacio rosa y luminoso, que se unía frágilmente a la casa por dos puertas de cristales. Las cristaleras estaban entreabiertas y brillaban, blancas, en contraste con la hierba fresca del exterior, que casi parecía entrar dentro de la casa. En la habitación soplaba una brisa ligera: agitaba las cortinas como banderas pálidas y divididas entre el interior y el exterior, las retorcía hacia el techo, una especie de tarta de boda, y rizaba el tapiz de color vino, oscureciéndolo, como el viento oscurece el mar.

El único objeto que permanecía absolutamente inmóvil en la habitación era un enorme sofá en el que dos jóvenes flotaban como sobre un globo sujeto a tierra. Las dos iban de blanco y sus vestidos ondeaban y aleteaban como recién llegados de un vuelo fugaz alrededor de la casa. Tuve que permanecer de pie un rato, escuchando los latigazos de las cortinas y el chirriar de un cuadro en la pared. Entonces se oyó una explosión: Tom Buchanan había cerrado las ventanas traseras, y cesó el viento atrapado en la habitación, y las cortinas, los tapices y los vestidos de las dos mujeres volvieron a posarse lentamente en el suelo.

No conocía a la más joven. Se había tendido en la parte que ocupaba en el sofá, completamente quieta, con el mentón un poco levantado, como si mantuviera en equilibrio algo que estaba a punto de derrumbarse. Si me había visto de reojo, no lo demostró, y casi me sorprendí murmurando una disculpa por haberla molestado al entrar en la habitación.

La otra chica, Daisy, hizo ademán de levantarse –se inclinó hacia delante con expresión decidida–, y entonces se rió, con una risilla absurda y encantadora, y yo también me reí y me acerqué.

–Estoy pa...

¿Disfrutas la vista previa?
Página 1 de 1