Serge Noiret

This chapter explores the transformation of public history in relation to internationalization in the humanities, audiences, media, and historian networks. The rising number of public history programs worldwide provides opportunities for international collaboration and discussion. We posit that the multiplication of international public history projects and programs and the global use of the English language and the Internet encourage new historical approaches and practices. One way to address the internationalization of public history is to urge glocal interpretations of the past. Public historians are increasingly responsible for making sense of the links among local, national, and international interpretations of the past. We suggest anchoring the actual evolution of public history in a general definition of the interactive concept of local/global in social sciences. Then, we describe the consequences of the internationalization process for public history practices. Specifically, we examine how the process of internationalization influences public history teaching and training.

Digital History in its interactive version 2.0, has certainly helped to open up "high culture". But with the advent of web 2.0, history and memory are now the prerogative of anyone using "crowdsourcing" activities. The danger today is that specialists will not control anymore how digital history will show us the past. Without acknowledging that new instruments are transforming the historian’s craft, and without reflecting on the terms of these transformations, the digital revolution will eliminate the historians professional capacity to reconstruct the past. History will soon become an open territory for everybody to play with. The author look at the most significant mutations of history 2.0 for the history profession and focus on the digital transformation of Public History with the new practices of Digital Public History: new forms of history practices that professional historians should use to deepen the origins and identity claims by many communities in our globalized societies

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Forms of shared authority have become User-generated projects in the digital realm of public history practices and projects. New collaborative forms of history-making through web technologies are ubiquitous worldwide. User-generated projects democratized the making of history with public historians now actively sharing their authority with targeted communities. This essay discusses the critical issues related to the concept as it deals with public historians' activities, its acceptance as a fundamental method for making public history in the digital world, and the way Web 2.0 social practices contributed enormously to developing the field of digital public history to intertwine crowdsourcing with shared authority practices.

Digital History is different from digital public history (DPH) and this essay describes the central role of crowdsourcing practices in defining the specificity of DPH. At the end of the 1970s, public history (PH) divided its field from more traditional academic history, engaging with the public in different ways. In the new millennium, DPH developed new forms of interaction with the audience in cultural heritage settings and with communities, and made it possible, thanks to the web 2.0 facilities, to engage in new forms of collective interactions about the past, harvesting citizens' knowledge. This essay will first define the term "crowdsourcing," then look at how the literature discusses the concept, and finally describes different forms of crowdsourcing and user-generated content (UGC) activities in DPH projects.

This essay is published ten years after Ricerche Storiche’s special issue on Media and History coordinated by Francesco Mineccia and Luigi Tomassini (2009) which engaged, for the first time in Italy, with Public History as a field of practices. It discusses the origins and development of public history in Italy. Public history in the Peninsula has its roots in historical institutions born in the 19th century and in the post WW2 first Italian Republic. The concept of a “public use of history” (1993), the important role played by memory issues in post-war society, the birth of public archaeology (2015) before public history, and the emergence of history festivals in the new millennium are all important moments currently shaping the history of the field which are dealt with in this essay. The foundation of the “Italian Association of Public History” (AIPH) in 2016-2017, and the promotion of an Italian Public History Manifesto (2018) together with the creation of Public History masters at universities, are all concrete signs of a vital development of the field in the country.

Forms of shared authority have become User-generated projects in the digital realm of public history practices and projects. New collaborative forms of history-making through web technologies are ubiquitous worldwide. User-generated projects democratized the making of history with public historians now actively sharing their authority with targeted communities. This essay discusses the critical issues related to the concept as it deals with public historians' activities, its acceptance as a fundamental method for making public history in the digital world, and the way Web 2.0 social practices contributed enormously to developing the field of digital public history to intertwine crowdsourcing with shared authority practices.

Digital History is different from digital public history (DPH) and this essay describes the central role of crowdsourcing practices in defining the specificity of DPH. At the end of the 1970s, public history (PH) divided its field from more traditional academic history, engaging with the public in different ways. In the new millennium, DPH developed new forms of interaction with the audience in cultural heritage settings and with communities, and made it possible, thanks to the web 2.0 facilities, to engage in new forms of collective interactions about the past, harvesting citizens' knowledge. This essay will first define the term "crowdsourcing," then look at how the literature discusses the concept, and finally describes different forms of crowdsourcing and user-generated content (UGC) activities in DPH projects.

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cómo la historia pública digital y el contenido generado por los usuarios están estableciendo nuevas formas de actividad profesional en las redes sociales. Definiremos qué son las redes sociales, cómo contribuyen a las nuevas formas digitales de comunicación histórica y cómo los usuarios comparten datos sobre el pasado en plataformas en red. La segunda parte versa sobre el modo en que las redes sociales ayudan al oficio de los historiadores públicos digitales. Por último, se describe el tratamiento que ha recibido la conmemoración del centenario de la Primera Guerra Mundial en Twitter y el uso de las fotografías digitales o digitalizadas que circulan en las redes sociales.

The original version of this post has been published as: «Note sulle origini della Public History italiana ed internazionale» in La Public History tra temi, strumenti e pratiche, edited by Chiara Moroni, Officina della Storia, n. 21/2019 [1] La nascita della Federazione internazionale di Public History (IFHP-FIHP)[2] La prima conferenza annuale del National Council on Public History (NCPH) alla quale ho partecipato fu nel 2010 a Portland, nell’Oregon. Avevo scoperto nella lista di discus..

This post is a slightly different version of "Digital public history: bringing the public back in." In: Public History Weekly 3 (2015) 13, DOI:  dx.doi.org/10.1515/phw-2014-2647. (German and French translations also available in PHW). ---------------------------------- Digital History has reshaped the documentation methods of historians, especially their means of accessing and storing history. However, this seismic shift has occurred without any thorough critical discussion of these digital ..

La morte dello storico sociale e "digitale" Roy Rosenzweig l'11 ottobre 2007 mi ha molto colpito. Di sicuro egli non poteva conoscere ne sapere quanto i suoi lavori ed i suoi progetti al Center for History and New Media della George Mason University fossero così seguiti in Italia ed in italiano dal nostro gruppo di amici e ricercatori nel campo della storia digitale. Roy aveva 57 anni e lo ricordano in molti come una persona entusiasta del suo lavoro e pronta sempre ad interessarsi di tutto e..

First Public Meeting of the IFPH-FIHP Steering Committee, Luxembourg, CVCE, Abbaye de Neumünster, Wednesday 22nd of March 2012. The meeting was organised thanks to the CVCE, the “Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance de l’Europe”. Her Director, Mrs. Marianne Baeckes, offered very kindly to host our first IFPH meeting during the Second Symposium in Digital Humanities, (“Websites as sources: How should humanities and social sciences approach, use and diffuse publicly available online sources? 20–21..

Come definire la Public History ? Come introdurre la Public History ? Finora i pochi manuali in inglese che di quest'argomento trattano -e in prospettiva (2015) anche la Oxford Enciclopedia for Public History- si sono limitati ad indagare sul come si fa storia fuori dall'università e con quali pubblici. La prospettiva è certamente molto vicina alle descrizioni delle pratiche individuali con il passato che le ego-storie hanno messo in mostra spiegando l'itinerario intellettuale degli individui..

L'archeologia pubblica o Public Archeology in Italia      I 29 e 30 ottobre 2012 presso la sala d’arme di Palazzo Vecchio a Firenze, si è tenuto il primo congresso di archeologia pubblica in Italia. Archeologi, amministratori, giornalisti, investitori privati e professionisti si sono così interrogati su come pensare l'archeologia nella nostra società, il suo pubblico, il suo valore economico -l'archeonomics-, le sue modalità di comunicazione, il suo apparato giuridico di protezione, la sua ..

On April 18th 2014, the Digital Public Library of America's celebrated its anniversary: a first year of public access on the web.The DPLA is a platform that connects openly the online contents of many libraries, archives, museums and cultural institutions around the USA into a single portal. Everybody can search this digital library and the digital bookshelf in the DPLA is now made of many thousands of single e-books titles from many different digital library partners in the USA. From a user..

Photo by Anita Lucchesi, Rio de Janeiro, September 2014 This interview was organized asynchronously by Thomas Cauvin, (Colorado State University) at the end of July 2017 and after the first AIPH national conference and 4th IFPH international conference which took place in Ravenna (5-9 June 2017) 1) When was the first time you heard about Public History?  There’s not a specific date I can mention, it has been a process of maturation and understanding of what the field was about. This process s..

Prefazione al libro di Deborah Paci (a cura di), La storia in digitale: teorie e metodologie, Milano, Unicopli, 2019. Il digitale non solo ci circonda dai suoi strumenti e dagli schermi che guardiamo in continuazione, ma permea ogni aspetto della nostra vita. L’homo digitalis agisce in simbiosi con le tecnologie digitali e partecipa delle trasformazioni che stanno rimodellando, in poco tempo, anche gli aspetti più intimi e familiari della nostra vita, nelle relazioni sentimentali, nel lavor..

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. La tavola rotonda su "Memoria digitale e ricerca storica: esperienze e prospettive" che si è tenuta il 15/11/2012 a Trento presso l'History Lab, la nuova televisione che promuove la storia locale dellaFondazione Museo Storico del Trentino, e che si proponeva di "avviare una conversazione orientata alla comprensione del ruolo delle tecnologie digitali ... [che] sono, praticamente dalle lo..

Interview with Serge Noiret by Viviane Trindade Borges, (Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina) of the "Rede Brasileira de História Pública", that will be published in Portuguese in the book "História pública e história do presente", edited by Rogério Rosa Rodrigues and Viviane Trindade Borges for Letra e Voz, Rua Doutor João Ferraz, 67, Belenzinho - São Paulo - SP Questions 1.We would like you to introduce yourself briefly, telling us about your academic and professional career, pointing ..

To all participants to the Public History Conference in Ravenna, June 5-9, 2017 On behalf of the local organizers in Ravenna and of the IFPH steering committee, I want to thank you for your enthusiastic participation to the 1st Conference of the Italian Public History Association (AIPH) and to the 4th International Federation of Public History (IFPH) Conference. I would like to ask all participants two things to allow, as much as possible, online sharing of documents which will illustrate our..

Academic historians promoted a historic first international reflection on the Digital Turn in History during the XXII International Congress of Historical Sciences organized by the International Committee for Historical Sciences - Comité international des sciences historique (ICHS-CISH) in the city of Jinan in China, between August 23 and August 29, 2015 in Shandong Hotel.  (You can still download the full Programme, look at the practical information and visit the Jinan Congress web site.) Fo..

Le breve considerazioni che seguono sono state presentate durante il convegno dell'Ottobre 2012 all'Istituto Veneto a Venezia già commentato in questo blog e rimesse a fuoco per una lezione all'Università di Pisa (Seminario di Cultura Digitale - Mercoledì 8 maggio 2013 - ore 14:15 - Aula Seminari Est - Dipartimento di Informatica - Pisa) intitolata: Nulla sarà più come prima. Considerazioni sul digital turn e le fonti fotografiche dal punto di vista della storiografia. (I seminari di Cultura ..

Massimo Baioni, Serge Noiret, Alexander Geppert, EUI, Spring 2004 In 2004 was organized in Sala Triaria, Villa Schifanoia at the EUI in Florence, a workshop coordinated by Peter Becker and Heinz-Gerhard Haupt to celebrate the first ten years anniversary (2003) of the Italian academic journal Memoria e Ricerca. A special issue of MR edited by Alexander C. T. Geppert and Massimo Baioni on “Esposizioni in Europa fra Otto e Novecento. Spazi, organizzazione, rappresentazioni”  was presented and ..

The 10th of October 2013, I will participate to THATcamp Leadership at the RRCHNM, the Center for History and New Media at George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia. THATcamp, The Humanities and Technology Camp was conceived at George Mason in 2008 and became soon international.     THATcamps were held in Paris in 2010 and 2013, in Florence at the European University Institute in 2011, in Lausanne and in Luxembourg/Trier in 2012 and many other THATcamps in Europe and in other continents.  ..

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. Il 22 ottobre 2011 se n'è andato anche Antonio Cassese scrivevo in un post alla lista di discussione s-fotografie dopo aver letto i messaggi mandati nella lista che ricordavano il tragico incidente mortale del motociclista romagnolo Marco Simoncelli. Questa settimana, il 5 giugno 2012, l'Istituto Universitario Europeo ha celebrato la memoria di Nino Cassese -Realizing Utopia: Symposium in..

Biblioteca "Aurelio Saffi" di Forlì, 90 anni in 2012. Parteciperò al convegno “Lettori di provincia” e risorse elettroniche, organizzato da Paola Zambelli e che si terrà al Centro di Alti Studi Euaristos a Forlì, viale Salinatore 5, il 14 giugno 2012. Questo convegno intende promuovere un'interessante attività di mecenatismo culturale: storiche e storici dell'età moderna (dal Basso Medioevo alla Rivoluzione Francese) che, scrivendo una tesi o avendo finito di scrivere la tesi di dottorato, ..

Ex Casa del Fascio e dell'Ospitalità di Predappio, (FO), 1937 - Pubblico dominio, https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2168666 Andare oltre i libri accademici: per una public history del fascismo La storiografia sul fascismo e sulle sue interpretazioni ha talvolta scatenato vivaci discussioni nella comunità, spesso sonnolente, degli storici accademici. Tuttavia, fare la storia del fascismo fuori dai libri accademici e confrontarsi con opposte memorie rimane un impresa ancora da compiere..

This post is an extended version of "Internationalizing Public History. In: Public History Weekly 2 (2014) 34, DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1515/phw-2014-2647" (German and French translations are also available). Public History today is a worldwide discipline which considers the presence of the past -and the construction of history- outside academic settings. The practice of History has always been “public” in a way but individual and collective memories are nowadays invading the public sphere. Conflic..

International Federation for Public History  Fédération Internationale pour l'Histoire Publique     Amsterdam 2014 International Conference:  Public History in a Digital World: The Revolution Reconsidered University of Amsterdam, Thursday 23 October 2014 - Saturday 25 October 2014 FIRST CALL for PROPOSALS   Historical sources and narratives about the past infiltrate every corner of the web, from home-made digital media to online exhibitions, across social networks and in virtual museums..

Promoted by Catherine Brice, contemporary history professor  interested in cultural studies and material culture -Brice is well known for her work on 19th century Italy-, a first French Master in Public history will be launched for the academic year 2015-2016 at the Université de Paris Est, Créteil -Val de Marne (UPEC - University of Paris East, Créteil). Why introducing in France "a discipline without the name" until nowadays, "l'histoire publique", translated from the English expression "pu..

The book edited by Frédéric Clavert and Serge Noiret is publishing a selection of the papers presented during the inaugural DHLU Symposium in Luxembourg. Peter Lang's book is the result of the CVCE (Centre Virtuel pour la Connaissance de l'Europe) and University of Luxembourg first Digital Humanities conference held in 2009.  The 2nd DIHU LUxembourg conference which tackled the methodological and theoretical implications of considering websites as primary sources (March 2012) was organised t..

The Americans,[1] serie TV (35 episodi, tre serie), 2013-2015, produzione FOX (Fox 21 Television Studios e download possibile da diverse fonti, anche in un blog italiano (The Lord of Streaming) come sul sito di Eurostreaming.tv). [2] .  «Tutto è lecito in amore e in guerra fredda» è il motto della serie televisiva The Americans, che è arrivata alla terza stagione nel 2015 (una quarta stagione è prevista), riscuotendo un grande successo di critica, già dalla prima serie, e di pubblico, sopratt...</http

European University Institute' Home page in January 1997 (Wayback Machine) Easter time 1979—the interviews for the history doctoral programme had just come to an end. My thesis would not be on  Belgian history, but on the Italian liberal state, a country of dreams and holidays I had known since I was six. Discovering the EUI publicity in Brussels inspired me: only in Florence could I achieve my goal whilst being happily surrounded by the Florentine hills. Jean Marie Palayret’s book on the ..

NCPH 2013 Annual Meeting Otawa, Call for Proposals Come forse avrete saputo, la SISF, Società Italiana per lo Studio della Fotografia, nella sua ultima riunione del Consiglio Direttivo di Aprile 2012, ha votato l’adesione alla neonata IFPH-FIHP, la International Federation for Public History- Fédération Internationale pour l’Histoire Publique, commissione interna del Comité International des Sciences Historiques dal 2010. La IFPH è nata nelle riunioni annuali della National Coalition for Pu..

EHPS New Home Page with Drupal 7 (Gerben Zaagsma) The 9 May 2012,  anniversary of the 1950 Schuman Declaration which started the construction of a united Europe, the Department of History and Civilization and the Library at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy, launched the new version of the European History Primary Sources portal (EHPS).   EHPS was designed and built by Gerben Zaagsma (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences, Huygens Institute for the History of the N..

Mostra: 14-18 c’est notre histoire, Bruxelles, febbraio 2014 a novembre 2015 (Fotografia Serge Noiret) Quest'intervento è stato pubblicato il 1° agosto 2017 come “La Public History, medicina necessaria nell’Unione Europea oggi”, in La Nostra Città Futura, (Fondazione Feltrinelli, Milano). I cittadini europei si trovano ad affrontare una crisi globale del progetto politico ed istituzionale più importante del ventesimo secolo, quello dell'Unione Europea. Tuttavia, essi sono anche i diretti pro..

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. Da sinistra a destra, Deborah Paci, Tommaso Detti, Ilaria Porciani, Elisa Grandi e Serge Noiret  (Fotografia Redazione Diacronie circolata in Twitter) Lunedì 22 ottobre 2012, sono stato invitato a presentare con Tommaso Detti, il numero 10 della bella rivista online Diacronie, prodotta grazie al lavoro accurato di un gruppo di giovani ricercatori italiani ed europei che intendo..

La pubblicazione originale dell'intervista dell'agosto 2017, è stata fatta nella rivista Storia e Futuro, Rivista di Storia e Storiografia online Numero 45 - Dicembre 2017, Rubriche, Primo piano, Public History con il nome di La Public History: innovazioni metodologiche e prospettive divulgative nella scienza storica Una discussione con Serge Noiret, Presidente del Consiglio Direttivo dell’AIPH SeF: Cominciamo da una semplice questione di definizione e di metodo: come definirebbe la Public..

European History Primary Sources, the portal for accessing digital primary sources for the History of Europe from the medieval period to nowadays grew a lot during the academic year 2014-2015. In June 2015 the number of followers of the EHPS Facebook page was more then 2.000. As you may now, the purpose of EHPS is to provide an easily searchable index of scholarly digital repositories that contain primary sources for the history of Europe. As the number of digital archives on the internet con..

As permanent internal commission of the CISH-ICHS, the IFPH-FIHP is fostering the broadest possible international participation to the Call for Paper launched by the Comité International des Sciences Historiques – International Committee of Historical Sciences and especially for the round table on “Why Public History?”, organized by Arnita Jones (American Historical Association, USA, Secretary of the IFPH Steering Committee) together with Alix Green (University of Hertfordshire, UK, Member of..

On April 10 and 11 at the University of Rome 3 (Dipartimento Fisolofia, Comunicazione, Spettacolo) the SISSCO, (Società Italiana per lo Studio della Storia Contemporanea), will hold an important academic conference about the role of contemporary historians confronted with Holocaust denial on the web.  Should legislation be voted in Italy contrasting Holocaust Negationism? And, more generally, should History, when unable to build a firm culture of the past widely accepted in societies, be rule..

Identifying common needs and practices in Digital Public History
Digital History in its interactive version 2.0, has certainly helped to open up “high culture”. But with the advent of web 2.0, history and memory are now the prerogative of anyone using “crowdsourcing” activities. The danger today is that specialists will not control anymore how digital history will show us the past. Without acknowledging that new instruments are transforming the historian’s craft, and without reflecting on the terms of these transformations, the digital revolution will eliminate the historians professional capacity to reconstruct the past. History will soon become an open territory for everybody to play with. This blog would like to reflect and inform about the most significant mutations that a Digital Public history way to Public History is offering: new forms of history practices -that professional historians should use to deepen the origins and identity claims by many communities tracing their own history in our globalized societies- should be better looked at.

This essay serves as an introduction to the «Memoria e Ricerca» 2017 issue on History Museums and Public History. The papers we present were selected from panel presentations delivered during the International Federation for Public History (IFPH) 2nd international conference in Jinan, China in August 2015, which was part of the 22nd Conference of the International Committee for the Historical Sciences (ICHS). The introductory essay engages with the use and abuse of history in the context of history museums in a global context, with a specific focus on the difficult interaction between museum curators and political power. It questions the role of public historians in applied contexts such as history museums and with History and Memory issues applied to the inauguration and refurbishment of national and supranational history museums and with the concept of national identity.

Da una decina d’anni ormai, «Ricerche Storiche» (d’ora in avanti RS) è diventata in Italia una delle riviste di storia più attenta agli sviluppi della Public History (d’ora in avanti PH). Quando questo interesse è nato e in quali circostanze? E, soprattutto, come rintracciare eventualmente forme ancora inconsapevoli di PH nei cinquant’anni di storia della rivista? La domanda non è banale e prima di cercare di rispondere in questo intervento, non ero affatto sicuro di trovare dei semi intellettuali e metodologici che avrebbero potuto fare pensare ad una filiazione naturale tra ieri ed oggi. Oltre agli autori della rivista e agli storici che la frequentarono, esiste una continuità tra il XX secolo e il nuovo millennio che permette di affermare che RS accolse con naturalezza ed interesse le riflessioni sulla PH, sulla comunicazione della storia e sul ruolo che le memorie collettive recitano nel definire le identità e le comunità di eredità materiale e immateriale (secondo la convenzione di Faro del 2005)  che circondano il patrimonio culturale e storico locale.
In questo intervento, intendo guardare alla storia di RS per capire quali fossero questi segnali specifici di interesse per alcune forme di PH. L’arco di vita di RS è lungo e accompagna numerose trasformazioni della storia della storiografia italiana ed internazionale. Proprio alcuni spiccati interessi della rivista, sfociati in saggi e interventi anche come risultato di conferenze ed attività pubbliche, possono senz’altro essere assegnate alla PH. Il mio intervento si strutturerà dunque in questo modo. In primo luogo, parlerò brevemente di quello che oggi è lecito chiamare PH, un’indagine necessaria per capire in che modo e quando RS entra nel campo della PH. Nella seconda parte guarderò a come le preoccupazioni e metodi tipici della PH sono entrati a far parte dei temi di RS in quattro diversi capitoli dedicati, il primo, al patrimonio industriale e allo sviluppo dell’archeologia pubblica; il secondo alla vicinanza ai territori e alle comunità dell’alta Maremma toscana, il terzo, l’interdisciplinarietà della storia locale, e, infine, il quarto capitolo riguarderà RS dopo il 2009 e fino ad oggi, quando la PH diventò parte integrante delle tematiche che, nel mondo variegato della storiografia italiana, ormai caratterizzano, agli occhi di altre riviste e della comunità degli storici, la produzione scientifica della rivista.

This article traces the origins and development of public history in Italy. Public history in the Peninsula has its roots in historical institutions born in the 19th century and in post-WW2 first Italian Republic. The concept of “public use of history” (1993), the important role played by memory issues in post-war society, the birth of public archaeology (2015) before public history, the emergence of history festivals in the new millennium are all important moments shaping the history of the field which are dealt with in this essay. The foundation of the “Italian Association of Public History” (AIPH) in 2016-2017, and the promotion of an Italian Public History Manifesto (2018) together with the creation of Public History masters in universities, are all concrete signs of a vital development of the field in the country.

Dal 5 al 9 giugno 2017 si è tenuto a Ravenna, ribattezzata “città della Public History” per il numero di attività pubbliche inerenti alla storia e di partecipanti nazionali e internazionali che ha ospitato, il quarto convegno annuale della International Federation for Public History (IFPH-FIHP) insieme al primo convegno della AIPH, la Associazione Italiana di Public History, la prima associazione nazionale a nascere in Europa, costituitasi a Roma, sotto gli auspici della Giunta Centrale per gli Studi Storici a giugno 2016. [...]

Resumen:
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cómo la historia pública digital y el contenido generado por los usuarios están estableciendo nuevas formas de actividad profesional en las redes sociales. Definiremos qué son las redes sociales, cómo contribuyen a las nuevas formas digitales de comunicación histórica y cómo los usuarios comparten datos sobre el pasado en plataformas en red. La segunda parte versa sobre el modo en que las redes sociales ayudan al oficio de los historiadores públicos digitales. Por último, se describe el tratamiento que ha recibido la conmemoración del centenario de la Primera Guerra Mundial en Twitter y el uso de las fotografías digitales o digitalizadas que circulan en las redes sociales.

Abstract:
The aim of this article is to examine how digital public history and user-generated content establish new sorts of professional activity within social networks. The first part of the essay defines social networking, and explores how it contributes to new digital forms of historical communication, and how users exchange data about the past in networked platforms. The second part looks at how social networks promote the craft of digital public historians. The last section describes the way commemorations of the centenary of WWI were depicted on Twitter and examines how digital or digitized photographs circulate in social media.

Digital History in its version 2.0, has certainly helped to open up ‘high culture” but with the advent of web 2.0, history and memory are now the prerogative of anyone using “crowdsourcing” activities. The danger today is that specialists do not control these digital mutations. Without acknowledge of the new instruments and reflecting on the new historian’s craft, the digital revolution will eliminate the professional capacity to reconstruct the past. History will soon become an open territory for unqualified individuals to play with. The author attempts to understand what are the most significant mutations of history 2.0 for the profession of historian and what exactly are the epistemological issues posed by the new digital realm. He focuses on the practices of Digital Public History, a history open to everyone and answering to the profound identity needs of our societies. ©