TEOLOGY

Ibn Rachiq was distinguished from the various North African critics by the genius that made him a pioneer of this art in this country, and this is not for abundance or the uniqueness of his opinions, but because of his systematic discipline and the clarity of his vision. So we can re-read a lot of previous critical workbooks from which Ibn Rachiq provided benefits, through his workbooks. This short presentation is a specimen of poets' criticism standards where Ibn Rachiq shows a critical philosophy aware of literature and writing purposes far from external effects such as political, religious or personal data which fall outside the context of literature purposes and nature. By this method, we may understand Ibn Rachiq's way of thinking and philosophy in criticism and writing particularly since he was in an environment free of such deep-rooted Arabic criticism movement unlike other countries Resume : Ibn Rachiq était différent et particulier au autres critiques maghrébins par son intelligence qui lui rend l'un des meilleurs critiques au maghréb d'Arabe Et cela n'était pas à cause de ses opinions divers et ses propres visions mais grâce de sa méthodologie précise et de sa vision claire, La raison pour laquelle nous pouvions relire la plupart des ouvrages précédents de la critique et dans lequel Ibn Rachiq a bénéficié dans ces ouvrages, Et nous avons dans les critères de la critique des poètes à partir de cette exemplaire où Ibn Rachiq montre une philosophie critique consciente d'une visée littéraire Et la rédaction loin des facteurs extérieurs tels que les données politiques, religieux ou personnels qui sortent de la littérature et de son identité et avec cette méthode nous pouvions comprendre la pensée et la philosophie d'Ibn Rachik dans la critique et la rédaction notamment il était dans un climat qui n'a reconnu le mouvement de la critique arabe lié aux époques précédents comme les autres communautés.

This article highlights a creative texts that refer to the Algerian presence in the literary of the population of Anatolia , Through example is a poem " the song of Algeria " , Which is from the most famous Turkish folk poems that is very popular and sung on many occasions , This is because of the many values in this poem, Such nobility, courage, love, pain, the alienation, separation and other, So it's worthy for research and study, especially because it is written in a language not Arabic .

شهدت تركيا في الفترة الممتدّة بين عصر التنظيمات و قيام الجمهورية تجاذبا وصراعا سياسيا حادا كان محاولة للنهوض بالأمة الإسلامية من جهة، وفي نفس الوقت كان إرهاصا لحالة السقوط التي آلت إليها فيما بعد، حيث تفكّكت الدولة العثمانية ووقعت الكثير من الدول الإسلامية تحت وطأة الاستعمار السياسي و الثقافي، هذا الصراع دافعه الأساسي كان ثقافيا بين دعاة التجديد الحداثيين المتأثرين بالثورة الغربية المرجّحين تجديدا على شاكلتها، والمجدّدين المحافظين المعتبرين أنّ التجديد يكون في المنهج لا في المحتوى، علم الكلام كان أحد هذه الميادين التي كانت ساحة لهذا النقاش المتعلّق بسؤال النهوض؛ لكونه المحرّك للفكر الدّيني يثبت قضاياه و يدفع عنه الشبهات، هذه الدراسة تعالج بعض المحاولات التجديدية التي عرفتها الدولة العثمانية في أيامها الأخيرة ووريثتها بعد ذلك تركيا، وهي محاولات لم تنل حقها من الدراسة والتمحيص وظلت لفترات طويلة مهمّشة رغم أنّها تغذي الفكر الديني عموما والتركي خصوصا إلى يومنا هذا، وقد يكون سبب ذلك أنّها مكتوبة باللغة التركية ولم تترجم إلى العربية أو إلى لغات أخرى ليطلّع عليها الباحثون في كل العالم، لذلك حاولت الورقة قراءة واقع تيارات التجديد في علم الكلام في تركيا، وإبراز أهم أعلامه ومنظّريه، وتقييم هذه التجربة

The Ibadites are an Islamic sect that appeared in the first century AH with the events of the so-called Great Fitna, where it sided with the Kharijites, but over time it separated politically and intellectually from the Kharijites, but many researchers and scholars still treat the Ibadites as a sect of the Kharijites, although it has survived to this day, and the Kharijites have extinct out from a very early period. In this article, we will discuss an idea developed by the Ibadites, which is that they have a method of political management, not to depend on the individual represented by the president, the king or others, but the group, Under the name Azzâba, in the North African region specifically, Although they have four other ways of leadership, namely appearing (Zuhûr), hiding (Kitmân), defending (Difa) and donating (Şira), But the idea of Azzâba is a different idea, and in my opinion, it is one of the main reasons that have preserved the Ibadian entity until today in the North African region.

Hariciyye’nin bir alt kolu olan İbadiye, temelde bazı sosyo-politik sebeplerle kendini yenileyerek günümüze kadar varlığını sürdürebilen az sayıdaki İslâm mezheplerinden biridir. Günümüzde İbadiyye mezhebi doğuda Umman Sultanlığı, batıda Kuzey Afrika ve Tanzanya gibi farklı coğrafyalara yayılmış durumdadır. Orantısal olarak değerlendirildiğinde İbadiler ile ilgili yapılan araştırmaların diğer mevcut ve mensubu kalmamış mezheplere nispetle daha az olduğu görülmektedir. Bu durum mezhebin sahada yeteri kadar bilinmemesine hatta yanlış bazı değerlendirmelerde bulunulmasına sebep olmaktadır. İbadiyye, hicri birinci yüzyılda meydana gelen ve özellikle Büyük Fitne olayları diye anılan Sıffin Savaşı ve sonrasındaki gelişmelere bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan dinî bir gruptur. Bu grup ilk dönemde Haricilerin yanında yer alırken süreç içerisinde fikren ve siyaseten onlardan ayrılmıştır. Hariciler erken dönemden itibaren tarih sahnesinden silinmelerine rağmen İbadiler günümüze değin varlıklarını sür...

شهدت تركيا في الفترة الممتدّة بين عصر التنظيمات و قيام الجمهورية تجاذبا وصراعا سياسيا حادا كان محاولة للنهوض بالأمة الإسلامية من جهة، وفي نفس الوقت كان إرهاصا لحالة السقوط التي آلت إليها فيما بعد، حيث تفكّكت الدولة العثمانية ووقعت الكثير من الدول الإسلامية تحت وطأة الاستعمار السياسي و الثقافي، هذا الصراع دافعه الأساسي كان ثقافيا بين دعاة التجديد الحداثيين المتأثرين بالثورة الغربية المرجّحين تجديدا على شاكلتها، والمجدّدين المحافظين المعتبرين أنّ التجديد يكون في المنهج لا في المحتوى، علم الكلام كان أحد هذه الميادين التي كانت ساحة لهذا النقاش المتعلّق بسؤال النهوض؛ لكونه المحرّك للفكر الدّيني يثبت قضاياه و يدفع عنه الشبهات، هذه الدراسة تعالج بعض المحاولات التجديدية التي عرفتها الدولة العثمانية في أيامها الأخيرة ووريثتها بعد ذلك تركيا، وهي محاولات لم تنل حقها من الدراسة والتمحيص وظلت لفترات طويلة مهمّشة رغم أنّها تغذي الفكر الديني عموما والتركي خصوصا إلى يومنا هذا، وقد يكون سبب ذلك أنّها مكتوبة باللغة التركية ولم تترجم إلى العربية أو إلى لغات أخرى ليطلّع عليها الباحثون في كل العالم، لذل...

İbâdiyye, köken itibariyle ilk İslâm mezheplerinden olup günümüze kadar varlığını koruyabilen az sayıdaki İslam mezheplerinden biridir. İbâdiyye mezhebi günümüzde Umman Sultanlığı, Kuzey Afrika ve Tanzanya gibi farklı bölgelerde yaşam alanı bulmaktadır. Ancak İbâdîler ile ilgili yapılan araştırmalar diğer mevcut ve mensubu kalmamış fırkalara nazaran daha az sayıdadır. İbâdiyye, hicri birinci yüzyıla kadar dayanan ve büyük fitne olayları diye bilinen hadiseden sonra ortaya çıkan bir gruptur. Bu grup ilk dönemde Hâricîlerin yanında yer alırken zamanla siyasi ve düşünce yapısı itibariyle onlardan ayrılmıştır. Hâricîler erken dönemden itibaren tarih sahnesinden silinmelerine rağmen İbâdîler bugüne kadar varlıklarını sürdürmeyi başarmışlardır. Fakat birçok araştırmacı, İbâdîlerin hâlâ Hâricîlerin bir kolu olarak varlıklarını sürdürdüklerini düşünmektedir. Bu makalede Kuzey Afrika İbâdîlerinin kelâmi düşünceleri ele alınmıştır. İbâdîler genel olarak Hâricîlerden siyasi ve ideolojik olarak...

Muslims were able to interact with people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds thanks to trans-Arab conquests, which began during the rule of Hazrat Omar. During his time, Islam also expanded to Iran, Anatolia, and Africa, and even though they did not share the same language, the conquest movements continued successfully. Conflicts between the newly converted Muslim nations and the Arabs arose as a result of the conquests. During the Umayyad State, some opposition groups already in Islamic society came together more, formed significant opposition to the existing order, and sought support in areas remote from the center. Moreover, the Ibadis, who diverged from the Kharijites, is one of several oppositional groups that emerged. Abdurrahman b. Rüstem, the leader of this resistance movement, was appointed as an imam and founded the first independent Kharijite/Ibadi State in North Africa. The demography was predominantly Berber in the geography where the new state was established, and they did not force Berber to read and write in Arabic. Berber was the communication language, while Arabic served as the official language of the government because it was the language of the religion they followed. The imam of the state, Ibn Rustam, rarely brought up his mother tongue, Persian. Even though the founding imam is of Persian descent, Rustami administrators chose a moderate course by focusing on Arabic, the language of the primary sources of Islam, without declaring other languages as the official language and veering to new adventures. By adopting some common words and a Rustamian consciousness, the state resulted in greater Muslim Berbers internalizing Arabic and prevented a century.