Kalam (Islamic Theology)

u makale, câhiliye şairlerinin ahiret inancını, ahiretin varlığını kabul eden şairlerin şiirlerinde kullandığı uhrevi kavramları ortaya koymayı ve söz konusu kavramların Kur’ân’daki karşılığını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Kelam ilmi içerisinde semiyyat başlığı altında tartışılan ahiret ve halleri ayet ve hadisler ışığında değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ancak nassın açıkça izah etmediği kavramlarla ilgili olarak farklı yorumlar yapılmıştır. Bu da kavramların Kur’ân’da asıl vurgulanan anlamlarının ötelenmesine sebep olmuştur. Kur’ân’ın doğru anlaşılabilmesi için vahiyle ilk muhatap olan toplumun tanınması gereklidir. Ancak câhiliye olarak adlandırılan topluma ait bilgiler sınırlıdır. Bundan dolayı Kur’ân ayetlerinden hareketle vahiy öncesi toplum hakkında değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Ancak Kur’ân’ın bir tarih kitabı olmaması sebebiyle değerlendirmelerin yetersiz olacağı aşikârdır. Bu dönemin insanlarının inanç dünyalarını bize yansıtan Kur’ân’dan sonraki en sağlam kaynak şiirlerdir. Şairlerin Arap toplumundaki konumu dikkate alındığında şiirin onların düşünce dünyalarını yansıtan en temel kaynak olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışmada câhiliye şiirlerinde var olan ahiret hayatına yönelik kavramlar belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu kavramlar şiirlerde kullanılırken hangi vurguların ön plana çıktığı ve bu vurguların Kur’ân-ı Kerim’deki karşılığı irdelenmiştir. Ayrıca bu beyitlerle ilgili olarak ortaya konulan eleştiriler değerlendirilmiştir.
This article aims to reveal jahiliyyah poets’ belief in the hereafter, the hereafter concepts used in the poems of poets who accept the belief in the hereafter existence and determine the equivalent of these concepts in the Quran. The hereafter and its states, which are discussed under the title of semiyyat in the science of kalam, have been tried to be evaluated in the light of verses and hadiths. However, different interpretations have
been made regarding the concepts that the nass do not explain clearly. This has led to the postponement of the meanings of the concepts that are emphasized in the Quran. For the Quran to be understood correctly, it is necessary to recognize the society that was the first to deal with the revelation. However, the information about the society called jahiliyya is limited. For this reason, evaluations were made about the society before the revelation based on the verses of the Quran. However, since the Quran is not a history book, it is obvious that evaluations will be insufficient. The most solid source after the Quran, which reflects the belief worlds of the people of this period to us, is the poems. Considering the position of poets in Arab society, it is revealed that poetry is the most basic source that reflects their world of thought. In this study, it has been tried to determine the concepts of the afterlife in the jahiliyyah poems. While these concepts are used in poems, which emphases come to the fore and the equivalent of these emphases in the Quran are examined. In addition, the criticisms about these couplets were evaluated.

Japheth ben Ali's Book of Jeremiah: A Critical Edition and Linguistic Analysis of the Judaeo-Arabic Translation
his volume deals with three themes: medieval Judaism, Arabic and Hebrew sociolinguistics, and Arabic Bible translation. Within Medieval Judaism, the Karaite Jews became a prosperous community under the banners of Islam. One of the most salient signs of the Karaite community's strength and internal cohesion was the extensive scientific contribution that it made to the fields of Biblical studies, Hebrew philology and philosophy. This book presents for the first time a critical edition of one of the works of the leading Karaite scholars in biblical exegeses and translation, Japheth ben Ali's Judaeo-Arabic translation of the "Book of Jeremiah", drawing on five medieval manuscripts. As the majority of Karaite works, including Bible manuscripts, are in Judaeo-Arabic, relatively few of them have been published. A number of the Karaite Bible manuscripts were written in Arabic script, resulting in their being neglected by scholars, despite the significance of these manuscripts to the history of medieval Judaism and Bible textual Studies. The author of this volume focuses on some of the most important issues in the field of sociolinguistics, namely language-contact, diglossia and the status of both Arabic and Hebrew in the medieval Jewish literary system. Equally important is the issue of the script-in-use (Hebrew or Arabic), which was a major subject of debate among the Rabbinates and the Karaites. Indeed, the language and the script used in these manuscripts will help us re-evaluate the established theories about the language-situation and literary systems in medieval Islamic and Jewish societies. The value of translating the Hebrew Bible into Arabic was unparalleled in medieval inter-religious scholarship. For Muslim scholars it was their only access to the Jewish Bible. The contribution of the Karaites to this field is enormous, and this work offers us a unique window into the Karaite theory of Biblical hermeneutics.

Reviews

"The work's importance for the field of biblical studies goes considerably beyond the very solid benefits from this critical edition of Jeremiah. It adds much to the history of the Bible's reception in an area which has been much neglected in biblical studies." - Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament

This volume is a record of the 2016 Building Bridges seminar for theological dialogue between Muslim and Christian scholars. Chaired by Daniel Madigan, SJ, and hosted by Georgetown University, the seminar explored some of the complex questions around monotheism that have been addressed by Christians and Muslims. The volume includes a selection of relevant Christian and Islamic texts (from both the scriptures and classical and modern authors) that were discussed at the seminar, as well as contributions from Asma Afsaruddin, Richard Bauckham, Maria Dakake, Sidney Griffith, Martin Nguyen, Sajjad Rizvi, Christoph Schwöbel, and Janet Soskice.
A PDF of the whole volume is provided by kind permission of Georgetown University Press. For more information on Building Bridges and other volumes in the series, see http://press.georgetown.edu/category/promotions/buildingbridges and https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/projects/the-building-bridges-seminar.