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  • I am full Professor of Mathematics Education at the University of Granada, Spain and my main interest is statistics and probability education.edit
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT
... por la heurística de la representatividad se suele dar en el cálculo de la probabilidad de un suceso en un espacio muestral producto ... Es mínimo el número de alumnos que da una respuesta correcta, aunque la gran cantidad de... more
... por la heurística de la representatividad se suele dar en el cálculo de la probabilidad de un suceso en un espacio muestral producto ... Es mínimo el número de alumnos que da una respuesta correcta, aunque la gran cantidad de respuestas en blanco hace sospechar que el ...
We analyze the graphs produced by 207 prospective primary school teachers when comparing data collected by them in a statistical project. These graphs are classified according to their correctness, and the type of error in case of... more
We analyze the graphs produced by 207 prospective primary school teachers when comparing data collected by them in a statistical project. These graphs are classified according to their correctness, and the type of error in case of incorrect graph. The influence of using computers on the errors produced is also analyzed. Results show the prospective teachers’ difficulties in building statistical graphs, in spite that they will have to teach these graphs, since many of them shared errors reported in previous researches with children.
The aim of this study was to analyze the presentation of regression in Spanish school textbooks directed to Social Sciences students. In a sample of eight textbooks we analyzed the problem-fields and suggested procedures, as well as the... more
The aim of this study was to analyze the presentation of regression in Spanish school textbooks directed to Social Sciences students. In a sample of eight textbooks we analyzed the problem-fields and suggested procedures, as well as the associated concepts, which are classified according to the way they are introduced and the properties associated to them. Our results suggest that these textbooks mostly reduce regression to lineal regression, present many properties at an operational level without deep discussion of their meaning, and there is a great variety between the textbooks. Some suggestions to improve the presentation of this topic are included.
This study was aimed to evaluate the accuracy and strategies used in the estimation of association between potential factors and associated risks when data are presented in 2x2 tables. A sample of 414 undergraduate Psychology students... more
This study was aimed to evaluate the accuracy and strategies used in the estimation of association between potential factors and associated risks when data are presented in 2x2 tables. A sample of 414 undergraduate Psychology students from three different Spanish universities was given three different tasks (direct and inverse association and perfect independence) where they had to estimate such association. Most participants judged association in the task where there was perfect independence, but the data contradicted the students’ previous expectations. The estimation of association was consistent with the perception of association and the accuracy of estimates increased with correct strategies. Our participants performed worse than secondary school students in a previous study (Batanero et al., 1996) and we found no difference in the three participating universities. We classify the students’ strategies in the tasks in levels of complexity and explain the incorrect strategies usi...
In this work we analyze the activities proposed and the semiotic complexity levels in the statistical graphs included in two series of Chilean primary education textbooks using content analysis. The most common activities related to these... more
In this work we analyze the activities proposed and the semiotic complexity levels in the statistical graphs included in two series of Chilean primary education textbooks using content analysis. The most common activities related to these graphs in these textbooks are performing computations, building graphs and using the graphs as examples. The most common complexity level was level 3 (representing a data distribution). These results also show (with smaller frequency) a varied type of activity and higher semiotic levels with increasing age of students.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
In this paper we synthesise the theoretical model for mathematical cognition and instruction we are developing in the past years. We highlight the following main features of this approach: the articulation of the institutional and... more
In this paper we synthesise the theoretical model for mathematical cognition and instruction we are developing in the past years. We highlight the following main features of this approach: the articulation of the institutional and personal facets of mathematical knowledge; the recognition of a key role to problem solving and the language; and the coherent assumption of pragmatic and realist
In this paper we synthesise the theoretical model for mathematical cognition and instruction we are developing in the past years. We highlight the following main features of this approach: the articulation of the institutional and... more
In this paper we synthesise the theoretical model for mathematical cognition and instruction we are developing in the past years. We highlight the following main features of this approach: the articulation of the institutional and personal facets of mathematical knowledge; the recognition of a key role to problem solving and the language; and the coherent assumption of pragmatic and realist

And 210 more

ABSTRACT
... Constructivismo • Resolución de problemas • El papel de las herramientas semióticas • La teoría de situaciones ... estadística y la información estadística contribuyen, asimismo, a la especificidad del campo. ... Un ultimo punto es la... more
... Constructivismo • Resolución de problemas • El papel de las herramientas semióticas • La teoría de situaciones ... estadística y la información estadística contribuyen, asimismo, a la especificidad del campo. ... Un ultimo punto es la naturaleza interdisciplinar del tema, que hace que ...
Research Interests:
Statistics and probability are fascinating fields, tightly interwoven with the context of the problems which have to be modelled. The authors demonstrate how investigations and experiments provide promising teaching strategies to help... more
Statistics and probability are fascinating fields, tightly interwoven with the context of the problems which have to be modelled. The authors demonstrate how investigations and experiments provide promising teaching strategies to help high-school students acquire statistical and probabilistic literacy. In the first chapter the authors put into practice the following educational principles, reflecting their views of how these subjects should be taught: a focus on the most relevant ideas and postpone extensions to later stages; illustrating the complementary/dual nature of statistical and probabilistic reasoning; utilising the potential of technology and show its limits; and reflecting on the different levels of formalisation to meet the wide variety of students' previous knowledge, abilities, and learning types. The remaining chapters deal with exploratory data analysis, modelling information by probabilities, exploring and modelling association, and with sampling and inference. Throughout the book, a modelling view of the concepts guides the presentation. In each chapter, the development of a cluster of fundamental ideas is centred around a statistical study or a real-world problem that leads to statistical questions requiring data in order to be answered. The concepts developed are designed to lead to meaningful solutions rather than remain abstract entities. For each cluster of ideas, the authors review the relevant research on misconceptions and synthesise the results of research in order to support teaching of statistics and probability in high school. What makes this book unique is its rich source of worked-through tasks and its focus on the interrelations between teaching and empirical research on understanding statistics and probability.
Research Interests:
... Recent research on heuristics at advanced level includes assessment (Hirsch & O'Donnell, 2001;Garfield, 2003), studying the effect of teaching experiments on the use of heuristics (eg, Pfannkuch &... more
... Recent research on heuristics at advanced level includes assessment (Hirsch & O'Donnell, 2001;Garfield, 2003), studying the effect of teaching experiments on the use of heuristics (eg, Pfannkuch & Brown, 1996; Barragués, 2002), explaining misconceptions related to ...
Research Interests:
TALLER SOBRE ANALISIS EXPLORATORIO DE DATOS EN LA ENSEÑANZA SECUNDARIA.Carmen Batanero, Universidad de Granada. (http://www.ugr.es/local/batanero/). ... Rumania, 1, 13.6, 10.7, 26.9, 66.5, 72.4, 1640, 23148. Sierra Leona, 6, 48.2, 23.4,... more
TALLER SOBRE ANALISIS EXPLORATORIO DE DATOS EN LA ENSEÑANZA SECUNDARIA.Carmen Batanero, Universidad de Granada. (http://www.ugr.es/local/batanero/). ... Rumania, 1, 13.6, 10.7, 26.9, 66.5, 72.4, 1640, 23148. Sierra Leona, 6, 48.2, 23.4, 154.0, 39.4, 42.6, 240 ...
Abstract: In this report we argue that the notion of meaning, adapted to the specific nature of mathematics communication, may serve to identify analysis units for mathematical teaching and learning processes. We present a theory of... more
Abstract: In this report we argue that the notion of meaning, adapted to the specific nature of mathematics communication, may serve to identify analysis units for mathematical teaching and learning processes. We present a theory of meaning for mathematical objects, based ...
ABSTRACT En este trabajo concebimos el sentido estadístico como unión de la cultura y razonamiento estadístico. Se describen las ideas estadísticas fundamentales como componentes de la cultura estadística y los componentes del... more
ABSTRACT En este trabajo concebimos el sentido estadístico como unión de la cultura y razonamiento estadístico. Se describen las ideas estadísticas fundamentales como componentes de la cultura estadística y los componentes del razonamiento estadístico. También se sugiere que el desarrollo efectivo en los estudiantes se favorece especialmente con una enseñanza basada en investigaciones y proyectos que permite dotar de sentido a los diversos objetos estadísticos e involucra a los estudiantes en el ciclo de investigación y modos de razonamiento estadístico, desarrollando su espíritu crítico e iniciativa personal.
The ubiquity of randomness and the consequent need to understand random phenomena in order to make adequate decisions led many countries to include probability throughout the curricula from primary education to University level. This need... more
The ubiquity of randomness and the consequent need to understand random phenomena in order to make adequate decisions led many countries to include probability throughout the curricula from primary education to University level. This need was also recognized by the mathematicians who developed the probability theory. This is a relatively young field, and is not free of controversies, which are also reflected in the lack of agreement on a common definition of randomness. Psychological and didactical research, suggest widespread misconceptions and misperceptions of randomness; however, these results have not always been taken into account in teaching, where randomness is considered a transparent concept.
Research Interests:
Resumen En este trabajo se presenta un estudio empírico de los problemas de correlación presentados en una muestra de libros de texto españoles de Bachillerato. Se analizan la intensidad y sentido de la correlación, los contextos... more
Resumen En este trabajo se presenta un estudio empírico de los problemas de correlación presentados en una muestra de libros de texto españoles de Bachillerato. Se analizan la intensidad y sentido de la correlación, los contextos empleados y las representaciones gráficas utilizadas, deduciendo un uso sesgado de estas variables en la muestra de textos analizada. Finalmente se presentan algunas implicaciones para la investigación y la enseñanza. Palabras clave: Correlación; tareas de estimación; variables de tarea; sesgos y concepciones erróneas Abstract In this work we describe an empirical study of correlation problems in a sample of high school Spanish textbooks. We analyze the correlation strength and sign; the context used in the problems and the graphical representations of correlation and deduce some biases in the use of these variables. We finally present some implications for research and teaching,
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Resumen En la actualidad encontramos diferentes criterios sobre la enseñanza de la probabilidad en la educación primaria. Mientras países como Uruguay o España la incluyen desde los primeros niveles, en otros se retrasa incluso a la... more
Resumen En la actualidad encontramos diferentes criterios sobre la enseñanza de la probabilidad en la educación primaria. Mientras países como Uruguay o España la incluyen desde los primeros niveles, en otros se retrasa incluso a la educación secundaria. En esta conferencia analizamos las razones que justifican la importancia de una introducción temprana de la probabilidad, resumimos algunas investigaciones que indican que el niño tiene un razonamiento intuitivo correcto en situaciones aleatorias sencillas y sugerimos algunos principios metodológicos y actividades para facilitar la introducción de la probabilidad a los niños. Se finaliza con algunas sugerencias para avanzar en la enseñanza e investigación sobre el tema.
Research Interests:
Resumen En este trabajo se sintetiza el contenido probabilístico de dos series de libros de texto para educación primaria, analizando el significado de la probabilidad latente y comparando con las directrices curriculares. Utilizamos... more
Resumen En este trabajo se sintetiza el contenido probabilístico de dos series de libros de texto para educación primaria, analizando el significado de la probabilidad latente y comparando con las directrices curriculares. Utilizamos herramientas de análisis del enfoque ontosemiótico, identificando y describiendo cómo se introduce cada objeto matemático (situación problema, lenguaje, concepto, propiedad, procedimiento y argumento) en los libros de texto seleccionados. Los resultados muestran la introducción de objetos matemáticos ligados a cuatro significados de la probabilidad: el intuitivo está presente en todos los ciclos, los clásico y frecuencial en los dos últimos, mientras el subjetivo solo se menciona de forma tangencial. La comparación de las dos series muestra coincidencia en la mayoría de objetos encontrados; se resalta el tratamiento diferenciado del enfoque frecuencial, pues una editorial sólo presenta el punto de vista estadístico, mientras la otra también desarrolla el punto de vista probabilístico. Palabras clave: significados de la probabilidad, análisis de libros de texto, alfabetización probabilística. Abstract In this paper we summarize the results of analyzing the probabilistic content in two series of primary school textbooks and the latent meanings of probability they introduce to compare with curricular guidelines. We use the onto-semiotic approach and describe the way the mathematical objects are introduced in the textbooks (problem situations, language, concepts, properties, procedures and arguments). Results show the introduction of mathematical objects linked to four meanings of probability; the intuitive meaning is present in all the different levels; the classical and frequentist in the two upper levels; the subjective approach is only tangential. There is coincidence in both series in the majority of objects found; we found different treatment of the frequentist approach, since one editorial only presents the statistical point of view, while the other also develops the probabilistic point of view.
RESUMEN La correlación es un concepto estadístico central, pues extiende la idea de dependencia funcional a variables estadísticas. Sin embargo, la investigación previa ha descrito sesgos de razonamiento y dificultades asociadas a su... more
RESUMEN La correlación es un concepto estadístico central, pues extiende la idea de dependencia funcional a variables estadísticas. Sin embargo, la investigación previa ha descrito sesgos de razonamiento y dificultades asociadas a su comprensión. En este trabajo se analiza la importancia de la correlación como idea estocástica fundamental y su lugar en el currículo español. Seguidamente nos centramos en las tareas de estimación de la correlación, describiendo las principales variables que determinan su dificultad. Se resumen los resultados de las investigaciones sobre concepciones erróneas y sesgos de razonamiento identificados en las mismas. Finalmente se presentan algunas implicaciones para la investigación y la enseñanza. Palabras clave: Correlación; tareas de estimación; variables de tarea; sesgos y concepciones erróneas.
... in their own teaching (Garfield & Ben-Zvi, 2009). Engaging teachers with real data (Hall, this book) and statistical investigations (Makar & Fielding-Wells, this book). A conclusion of the conference discussion was that... more
... in their own teaching (Garfield & Ben-Zvi, 2009). Engaging teachers with real data (Hall, this book) and statistical investigations (Makar & Fielding-Wells, this book). A conclusion of the conference discussion was that teachers ...
The use of computers in the teaching of statistics is receiving increasing attention from teachers and researchers (Shaughnessy, Garfield, & Greer, 1996). The introduction of computers is encouraged in different curricula, such as in the... more
The use of computers in the teaching of statistics is receiving increasing attention from teachers and researchers (Shaughnessy, Garfield, & Greer, 1996). The introduction of computers is encouraged in different curricula, such as in the "Standards" of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (1989) and the "Diseño Curricular Base" in Spain (M.E.C., 1989), not only to extend what mathematics is taught, but also to affect how that mathematics is learned. However, there is still scarce research reported concerning the introduction of computers for teaching statistical concepts. This paper presents the results of an experimental research project that investigated the effects of a computer-based teaching environment on students' understanding of statistical association. The experimental sample consisted of nineteen, 20 year-old university students who were enrolled in their first year course on exploratory data analysis and descriptive statistics. The tea...
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In this work an analysis of some task variables of statistical problems which can be proposed to the students to be solved on the computer, are presented. The objective of this didactical — mathematical analysis is to provide criteria of... more
In this work an analysis of some task variables of statistical problems which can be proposed to the students to be solved on the computer, are presented. The objective of this didactical — mathematical analysis is to provide criteria of selection of the said problems, directed to guiding the student's learning towards the adequate meanings of the statistical notions and