Among the various non-convectional energy resources, solar energy has great potential when it comes to conversion into electrical power. Increases efficiency of solar system is desirable for maximum power output. In order to maximise... more
Among the various non-convectional energy resources, solar energy has great potential when it comes to conversion into electrical power. Increases efficiency of solar system is desirable for maximum power output. In order to maximise power output, needs to keep the panels in proper angle with the sun. This paper deal with the generation using solar power by window blinds. The proposed system ensures the optimization of the conversion of solar energy into electricity by properly orienting the panel in accordance with the position of the sun south facing window.
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Nowadays paperless offices and digitizing document is becoming ordinary for every kind of business or work. It is a good idea to find an easy way to create, store, and protect important documents. Document scanning can be the way Unlike... more
Nowadays paperless offices and digitizing document is becoming ordinary for every kind of business or work. It is a good idea to find an easy way to create, store, and protect important documents. Document scanning can be the way Unlike the traditional manual method of creating and preserving document which comes with many benefits suchasmoreofficespace,informationstoring,sharing,betterdatasecurityandrecovery. InThispaperwehaveproposedaboutdocumentscanningintermsofasoftwareinterfacei.e.webapplicationthatdoesanautomateddigitizationofdocumentwithvariousfeatures such as image enhancement, perspective view, text recognition and translation. Also, we have discussed about various Python scripts and web frameworks used for achieving optimal document scanning.
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Optimization methodshave been appliedin power systems for the last hundred years. They have been applied across a broad regionspanning from power system design to power system planning and economic power dispatch... more
Optimization methodshave been appliedin power systems for the last hundred years. They have been applied across a broad regionspanning from power system design to power system planning and economic power dispatch to protection. This workpresents an overview of the metaheuristicoptimization techniques and their applications to power systems.
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The design of 2:4 and 4:16 decoder using 14 multiple logics is proposed. As the power is very important key role in IC. Also to provide lower power consumption with high performance is challenging task. To provide such a performance the... more
The design of 2:4 and 4:16 decoder using 14 multiple logics is proposed. As the power is very important key role in IC. Also to provide lower power consumption with high performance is challenging task. To provide such a performance the design oflow power high performance is discussed. The decoder is designed based on TGL, DVLand complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS). The decoder is discussed with low power scheme. The design is implemented on tanner tool. The comparative analysis of static current and power dissipation are calculated.
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The internet is composed of heterogeneous network devices. These devices are verily constrained owing to their heterogeneity and due to the same type of multimedia data streamed in common with multicast group members as defined by the... more
The internet is composed of heterogeneous network devices. These devices are verily constrained owing to their heterogeneity and due to the same type of multimedia data streamed in common with multicast group members as defined by the distribution tree. The proposed system discussed in this paper discuss an efficient streaming algorithm for multicasting video over a network of heterogeneous devices. In multicasting, same data is sent to all group members and in a heterogeneous environment all members or devices may not be able to reproduce the data well. So we need to find a network device which will gather the information about the display capabilities of the devices like video quality it is able to reproduce at the moment. The video quality is obtained from each receiver and augmented with routing table. This paper presents the implementation ofthe proposed system to improve video streamand the results obtained after testing.
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Expressing your view on social media has become part of our daily life and one of the most used media is the YouTube comment section, where the user can critics any video published by the creator. With the incessant... more
Expressing your view on social media has become part of our daily life and one of the most used media is the YouTube comment section, where the user can critics any video published by the creator. With the incessant augmentation in the users of YouTube, the quantity of spam comment has also rose meteorically.In this paper, we propose and developed a comment spam filter, it was achieved by using a supervised learning approach which was trained on our self-generated dataset. In addition to this, literature review of different method used by researcher to identify the spam content is also presented. Furthermore, paper illustrates the description and evaluation of accuracy, precision, and recall of different Machine Learning Technique performance such as Linear classifier, Random forest classifier, AdaBoost classifier, Decision Tree,Naive Bayes,and SVM.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a very contagious and lethal disease. Its treatment ranges from at least a few months to a few years in severe cases, and is not guaranteed to work every time. Since Tuberculosis is transmitted by air and directly... more
Tuberculosis (TB) is a very contagious and lethal disease. Its treatment ranges from at least a few months to a few years in severe cases, and is not guaranteed to work every time. Since Tuberculosis is transmitted by air and directly affects the lungs, the possibility of existence of some correlation between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which weaken the respiratory organs over time, and Tuberculosis cases, has been explored in this study. This manuscript specifically explores the correlation between greenhouse gas emissions and the occurrence and mortality rates of Tuberculosis cases across the world. Initial data visualization indicated that there was a positive correlation between the emission of certain gases and the occurrence of TB cases, which was further confirmed by the use of regression and K-Means clustering algorithm. A regression R2 score of 0.64 was obtained for predicting mortality rates using GHG emissions as input. The analysis indicated that greenhouse gases do have some impact on the extent and fatality of TB cases.
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While attached to a launch vehicle, satellites are subjected to intense dynamic loads throughout the flight, mainly at lift-off. Part of the vibrations is due to the propulsion system and is transmitted along the launch vehicle to the... more
While attached to a launch vehicle, satellites are subjected to intense dynamic loads throughout the flight, mainly at lift-off. Part of the vibrations is due to the propulsion system and is transmitted along the launch vehicle to the satellite by the payload adaptor fitting (PAF). This paper analyzes the influence of interstage sections and PAF damping on the acceleration response of the payload to launcher longitudinal vibrations. Simple mass-spring-damper models were used, considering the satellite and the stages as rigid bodies connected by springs and dampers. The satellite response to an oscillating force applied on the first stage was evaluated. The results show that when the damping in the inter-stage is high, the launch vehicle moves as a single mass, exciting the satellite as a moving base. If the damping is low, the stages move separately and the satellite will be excited by higher frequency modes. Moreover, lower PAF damping lead to higher accelerations at the second mode frequency and lower accelerations at higher frequencies, while the interstages damping showed little influence on the response around the second mode frequency but a direct effect on higher frequencies. The study was performed by implementing the models in a MATLAB routine.
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Fractal Image Compression is a lossy compression method for images based on fractals rather than pixels, which are best suited for texture and natural images. It works on self similarity property, relying on the fact that parts of an... more
Fractal Image Compression is a lossy compression method for images based on fractals rather than pixels, which are best suited for texture and natural images. It works on self similarity property, relying on the fact that parts of an image often resemble other parts of the same image. It takes long encoding time and affects the image quality. This paper introduces an improved quantized quad tree technique for fractal image compression. Quantized quad tree method divides the original gray level image into various blocks depending on features presented in image. Simulation results show that with the quantized quad trees compression improves the compression ratio and PSNR without losing the quality of the image compression with range block, domain block and iterations technique.
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Ration card is an important government document used for the purchase of subsidized food grains by most of the households in India. But this system has two major drawbacks A) Inaccurate quantity measurement of food grains caused by human... more
Ration card is an important government document used for the purchase of subsidized food grains by most of the households in India. But this system has two major drawbacks A) Inaccurate quantity measurement of food grains caused by human errors or by intentional use of inaccurate weights. B) High probability of fraudulent sale in the market in case of partial consumption of food grains allotted every month. To make the process more streamline and transparent, a Smart Card Based Public Distribution System using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is proposed.
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In the modern world, there is a continuous increasing capacity for various categories of solid waste. Waste has become the biggest problem in today's world. Until now there is no proper management of waste. For managing the waste there... more
In the modern world, there is a continuous increasing capacity for various categories of solid waste. Waste has become the biggest problem in today's world. Until now there is no proper management of waste. For managing the waste there are various segregation methods and products available but only at industrial levels. To properly pull off the waste it has to be handled, separate, transported and disposed of so as to reduce the risks to the public lives and sustainable environment. The economic value of waste is best comprehended when it is sequestered. This paper aims towards an automatic waste segregation system at the household level and small society peoples. This system is easy and has a simple solution to segregating the waste into three categories of metal waste, solid waste, and wet waste. Here we are using Arduino Uno for segregation operation. For each waste we use an electronic sensor for detection and for separation small mechanical arms are used. This paper will help society with waste management and aims to recycle the waste accordingly.
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In current era hasty progression of power semiconductor devices is amplified extensive succession for applications i.e., industrial, along with several others. The harmonics deformation formed by converter has being too stern concern to... more
In current era hasty progression of power semiconductor devices is amplified extensive succession for applications i.e., industrial, along with several others. The harmonics deformation formed by converter has being too stern concern to consistent operation for system. And also, a customary technique with rectifier has unfavorable penalty with complementary losses. This paper explains investigation of SEPIC converter for enhancement in quality of power with PFC supplied to induction motor. The recommended scheme offered reduction for THD by using PI system through voltage follower scheme. A performance for designed converter is simulated at MATLAB, providing enhanced quality to power at AC supply.
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Electrical power system is changing from utility centric to customer centric after introduction of Electricity Act 2003 in India and unbundling of power sector in rest of the world. After unbundling, customer satisfaction has prime... more
Electrical power system is changing from utility centric to customer centric after introduction of Electricity Act 2003 in India and unbundling of power sector in rest of the world. After unbundling, customer satisfaction has prime importance. Customer expects power supply 24x7, which can be assured only after performing the reliability analysis of generation system. The purpose of this paper is to present Neural Network (NN) approach, which can overcome limitations of the conventional reliability evaluation method such as poor accuracy, complicated models, and large time for execution. This paper presents an organized approach for establishing the learning model with supervision using radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). This model is used for evaluation of various reliability indices used for generation planning. Markov process and basic probabilistic approach is used to develop the input-output training patterns for neural network. These patterns are normalized and presented to RBFNN. The validation of the proposed technique is confirmed by analyzing Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) and IEEE-Reliability Test system (IEEE-RTS).
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The transmission lines suffer from various faults subjected to numerous natural as well as manmade causes. This paper presents a proposed MATLAB-SIMULINK model for generation of such random disturbances. The output of the system is input... more
The transmission lines suffer from various faults subjected to numerous natural as well as manmade causes. This paper presents a proposed MATLAB-SIMULINK model for generation of such random disturbances. The output of the system is input to another python-based model in order to detect and predict the exact nature of disturbances using various artificial neural networks with their respective accuracy scores. This paper provides a brief comparison between Decision Tree Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbors and Multi-Layer Perceptron methodologies for detection of line to ground fault, as an example in this model-based approach.
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In this paper, conventional controllers like P, I, PID are designed for a DC-DC buck converter. The purpose of the controller is to maintain the output voltage. A comparative study of the control techniques is carried out. The overall... more
In this paper, conventional controllers like P, I, PID are designed for a DC-DC buck converter. The purpose of the controller is to maintain the output voltage. A comparative study of the control techniques is carried out. The overall system response is analyzed based on the performance and robustness. The usefulness of the control technique is tested by changing the reference voltage, introducing disturbances in the input voltage and parameters of the buck converter. Simulation results validate the efficacy of the conventional controllers.
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In this article, we construct a family of closed form traveling wave solutions to the space-time fractional Equal Width equation (EW) and the space-time fractional modified Equal Width equation (mEW) by using newly proposed modified... more
In this article, we construct a family of closed form traveling wave solutions to the space-time fractional Equal Width equation (EW) and the space-time fractional modified Equal Width equation (mEW) by using newly proposed modified rational fractional (/ 2)-expansion method and the exp-function method. The considered equations are turned into fractional order ordinary differential equations with the help of a complex fractional transformation along with conformable fractional derivative and then the methods are used to investigate their solutions. The achieved solutions are in terms of trigonometric function, hyperbolic function and rational function which might be used to analyze deeply the physical complex phenomena of real world as they are new and bear much more generality. Two more well-established methods, the (′ /)-expansion method and the rational (′ /)-expansion method, are also taken into account to unravel the suggested equations which do not provide any solution. The results reveal that the proposed method is efficient, straightforward and concise which might further be useful tool to examine any other nonlinear evolution equations of fractional order arising in various physical problems.
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The Jacobi method is a generalization of the simplex method for solving linear problems, or in other words, the Jacobi method is in a special case the same as the simplex method. One of the factors causing nonlinear effects in oscillating... more
The Jacobi method is a generalization of the simplex method for solving linear problems, or in other words, the Jacobi method is in a special case the same as the simplex method. One of the factors causing nonlinear effects in oscillating systems is the nonlinearity of the return force function, a wide range of which is modeled with the third-degree polynomial function and the selection of appropriate coefficients. In this paper, the Quadratic Nonlinear Oscillator using Jacobin elliptical sinus function is presented and compared with Newton Harmonic Balance Method. The method (NHBM) is done with Maple software and a comparison between the results of this method with the solution methods used by other researchers is shown to be a good match and can also be used for educational purposes.
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A Circular Microstrip Antenna (CMA) based on the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is proposed in this paper. By considering the structure, the antenna has been designed varied dimensions. To obtain resonant frequency; we need... more
A Circular Microstrip Antenna (CMA) based on the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is proposed in this paper. By considering the structure, the antenna has been designed varied dimensions. To obtain resonant frequency; we need electrical parameters and various dimensions with respect to the resonant frequency equation. According to BPNN technique, multi-layer perceptron (MLP) has been used to test the resonant frequency of CMAs and the BPNN is trained using Different learning algorithms and we have compared the results. The network accurately calculates the resonant frequency of CMA.
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The aim of this article is to conserve water and electricity used in household application particularly in lavatory with next generation technology that is IoT (Internet of Things). Further study on saving of the existing lavatory that... more
The aim of this article is to conserve water and electricity used in household application particularly in lavatory with next generation technology that is IoT (Internet of Things). Further study on saving of the existing lavatory that should be improved in terms of electricity and water consumption. The microcontroller ATmega328 is used to interface the switch of light, exhaust fan and the inlet valve of water supply. The PIR sensor is used to detect the motion of user inside the lavatory. This will reduce human efforts to control the switch manually by applying this innovative idea in real life scenario, this design can be successfully brought into implementation. The saving in term of water and electricity is presented as results of improvement.
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The Automation of processes plays a crucial role in improving the overall productivity of Industry. This paper give idea about the live industrial problem of EXCEL INDUSTRIES. It is the electrically automated, mechanically designed model... more
The Automation of processes plays a crucial role in improving the overall productivity of Industry. This paper give idea about the live industrial problem of EXCEL INDUSTRIES. It is the electrically automated, mechanically designed model of automatic plastic pipe cutting machine. The main aim is to improve the overall productivity by decreasing the manpower cost, utility cost and improving quality and quantity of production. Quality of production is improved by making the manual cutting operation fully automated ensuring the repeatability of the process with accuracy and precision. This ensures elimination of human error and monotonous work. Quantity of production is improved by avoiding manual delays and achieve quick response time of machine. It also focuses on optimum use of power provided for cutting operation.
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India is known as land of villages with 6, 40,687 in number. According to Census 2011, the population of India was 121 crore with 83.3crore persons living in rural and 37.7 crore living in urban areas. More than 70% of our population... more
India is known as land of villages with 6, 40,687 in number. According to Census 2011, the population of India was 121 crore with 83.3crore persons living in rural and 37.7 crore living in urban areas. More than 70% of our population lives in rural areas. This rural population is moving to urban area as workers and build makeshift houses for living.The present project of mobile dormitory is aim to put forth an inclusive model for the growth of infrastructure, construction and to provide product that can enhance the comfort and status level to reduce stress anxiety of workers who are involve in hard work of construction.Our aim is to design a mobile dormitory which can be easily transported anywhere. The materials will be light in weight for a transport purpose. The dimension of mobile dormitory is 12*3m .The structure is design in such a way that it can be load, transport and unload on a standard size of truck. We are providing double bed system, window on back side besides each bed, sliding door, two bath and one WC. Wall consist of three layer for temperature control inside the dormitory. Steel, synthetic fiber, plywood these three layer will be provided. The Solar plate is used for supply of electricity. Well design and safe connection will provide for electricity. We are adopting the bore well technique for disposal of the human excreta. It is ecofriendly and economical.
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The proposed planar antenna with different asymmetrically hanging type arms for WLAN /Bluetooth/ Zigbee/ WiMAX/ HYPERLAN and Military applications.The proposed antenna consists asymmetrically three arms and defected ground plane to... more
The proposed planar antenna with different asymmetrically hanging type arms for WLAN /Bluetooth/ Zigbee/ WiMAX/ HYPERLAN and Military applications.The proposed antenna consists asymmetrically three arms and defected ground plane to resonates 2.44GHz, 3.4GHz 5.3GHz and 7.5GHz cover WLAN,Bluetooth, Zigbee, WiMAX , HYPERLAN and Military applications. The dimension of antenna is 32×12×1.6mm3 .The fabricated antenna shows good measured results for the multiband operation as per simulated.
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There is a required research on use of alternate energy sources due to fast vast exhaustion of fossil fuel resources. Solar power or Wind power alone can fluctuate and result in reduced efficiency and poor reliability. A wind-solar hybrid... more
There is a required research on use of alternate energy sources due to fast vast exhaustion of fossil fuel resources. Solar power or Wind power alone can fluctuate and result in reduced efficiency and poor reliability. A wind-solar hybrid system is a reliable alternative energy source that is, both systems are dependable and consistent. This paper bids with hybrid distributed generator mainly based on photovoltaic and wind driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). In this, distributed generator system (DGs), the sources are connected to the grid with the assistance of only one boost converter through an inverter. This paper is focused on new topology, the hybrid dispensed generator having photovoltaic (PV) array which is instantly connected to dc link instead of being accompanying via a dc-dc converter. As compared to ancient scheme, this scheme finds that it requires less number of power converters, and therefore complexity for controller is reduced, also switching and conduction losses would be reduced. For monitoring maximum energy and maintaining the dc link, in addition to grid side parameters, the three different controllers are implemented under the influence of the different transient conditions. The performance of the system under various condition is studied, and modelling and simulation of photovoltaic and wind driven permanent magnet synchronous generator, also balancing the parameters of grid side has been analyzed in MATLAB-SIMULINK.
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In today's scenario, one of the biggest challenges facing computer users is how to secure data on a personal computer or in any communication. Various forms of data security and hiding algorithms have been developed in the last decade.... more
In today's scenario, one of the biggest challenges facing computer users is how to secure data on a personal computer or in any communication. Various forms of data security and hiding algorithms have been developed in the last decade. Cryptography and steganography are known familiar security methods to be used for hide sensitive data. In this paper, we have developed a data hiding method in images with three security layers. The first layer is compression to reduces the redundancy in data representation, i.e. to decrease the storage capacity required for that sensitive data. The second layer is cryptography using the Advance Encryption Standard (AES) to make the compressed data unusable. The third layer hides the data in the 2 least significant bits (LSB) of images presenting high 3-layers security scheme. The results proven interesting outcomes compared to other methods. This 3-layer technique is showing promising research direction for further text security developments to be coming in the future.
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Due to very large polarizability and wide transparency window, semiorganic NLO materials have alternative to inorganic materials because of their efficient molecular nonlinearity over a broad frequency range, low cost, low refractive... more
Due to very large polarizability and wide transparency window, semiorganic NLO materials have alternative to inorganic materials because of their efficient molecular nonlinearity over a broad frequency range, low cost, low refractive index, low dielectric constant, inherent synthetic flexibility, moderate optical damage density, fast response with the better process ability and ease of fabrication into devices. A Semi organic crystal of amino acid (valine) doped KDP (KH2PO4) have grown by modified CTB thermometer as well as by rotating seed crystal method (RSCM). The concentration of dopants was altered in every step for different rotation rate. The good quality transparent crystals has been harvested; the dimensions of grown crystal observed from 1mm to 4 cm. crystalline perfection, all lattice parameter of grown single crystal have been determined by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The functional groups of LV doped KDP were identified using vibration spectra analysis. The chemical composition as weight percentage (wt %) of C, N, K, P and O as obtained from EDAX analysis. A quantitative interpretation of influence of amino acid L-valine verified by mathematical model usually describes a system by a set of variables and a set of equations that establish relationships between the variables.
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Cyber-Physical System (CPS) requires networks with temporal semantics. The correct functioning of CPS depends crucially on temporal considerations, especially for time-critical requirements. It is an urgent need to couple temporal... more
Cyber-Physical System (CPS) requires networks with temporal semantics. The correct functioning of CPS depends crucially on temporal considerations, especially for time-critical requirements. It is an urgent need to couple temporal semantics into the requirement analysis in developing CPS. There have been past attempts at coupling temporal into designing reactive systems. Most of the current proposals, however, suffer from limitations when considered in CPS scenarios by ignoring temporal aspects of the behavior that are essential to the system. This leads naturally to the use of temporal automaton for modeling and verification of requirements of CPSs. The proposed method is simple, yet powerful to express the temporal semantics of CPS. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model by an engineering example.
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For stable operation of an interconnected power system Frequency the important parameter whose change should not vary largely. The control of both active power and frequency in a system is called as Load frequency control. If the... more
For stable operation of an interconnected power system Frequency the important parameter whose change should not vary largely. The control of both active power and frequency in a system is called as Load frequency control. If the frequency of the system is constant then the operation of power system is stable. But as the load changes on the system the frequency of the system changes. Hence we need to reduce these changes in frequency for ensuring the stability of the concerned system. There are various other conventional methods of tuning the controller for reducing the frequency changes but by using GENETIC ALGORITHM based tuning the frequency changes are reduced and the concerned system is brought into a stable mode in a less time when compared to the time taken in conventional methods
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Water is an important natural resource to maintain human and animal life. Due to rapid industrialization, development and increasing population there is an increase in demand of water. So we need to search for alternatives to reduce the... more
Water is an important natural resource to maintain human and animal life. Due to rapid industrialization, development and increasing population there is an increase in demand of water. So we need to search for alternatives to reduce the consumption of freshwater. One of such alternative is greywater treatment. Sand filtration has been considered as one of the effective and economical methods for water and wastewater treatment. One of such sand filtration technique is Drawer Compacted Sand Filter (DCSF), which is a modified design for sand filter. This paper presents the performance analysis of Drawer Compacted Sand Filter(DCSF), carried out on the basis of its first cycle. It was found that DCSF is efficient in removal of COD, TSS and turbidity with removal percentage of 95.83%, 80.76% and 89.71% respectively. It is easy to maintain, flexible, requires less area, effective and less expensive.
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In recent converter technology, same of energy loss in inductor used in that converter. So, Efficiency of converter is reduces because of this loss energy. This loss is minimizing by using coupled inductor with switch capacitor. The... more
In recent converter technology, same of energy loss in inductor used in that converter. So, Efficiency of converter is reduces because of this loss energy. This loss is minimizing by using coupled inductor with switch capacitor. The recommended structure consist voltage multiplier circuits with coupled inductor to get maximum voltage gain. Two capacitors are charged amid the turn off period utilizing stored energy of coupled inductor windings which helps to increase the voltage conversion efficiency. The leakage inductive current is recycled through the clamp circuit because of that the voltage stress on switch is reduced and durability of converter will increase as well as efficiency. In this paper, Converter in view of Coupled inductor and Switch Capacitor is analyzed by using MATLAB SIMULINK and hardware implementation.
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A pre-engineered steel building (PEB) has now become one of the most efficient and simplified building type in the steel construction industry. PEB has found a wide application in the Indian civil industry. Use of tapered members for... more
A pre-engineered steel building (PEB) has now become one of the most efficient and simplified building type in the steel construction industry. PEB has found a wide application in the Indian civil industry. Use of tapered members for columns and rafters is one of the basic properties of PEB. Use of web-tapered members increases the efficiency of the PEB. Rather there are limitations for design of tapered members by Indian code the use of these members is made in the industry which has its design based on the American design. In this study we have made a review over some literature based over the concept and design of PEB. We have also studied the provisions of the codes and made a brief study on PEB.
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Concrete is the most essential and utilized material in development. This investigation is carried out to study the feasibility of using locally available artificial sand & Geopolymer sand as partial replacements of sand in concrete. A... more
Concrete is the most essential and utilized material in development. This investigation is carried out to study the feasibility of using locally available artificial sand & Geopolymer sand as partial replacements of sand in concrete. A concrete mix with artificial sand, Geopolymer sand & natural sand with different proportions were studied .The experimentation M40 concrete mix was designed for replacement of geopolymer sand and artificial sand for 10%-40%, 20%-30%, 30%-20%, and 40%-10% respectively and 50% natural sand was remains constant in every mix.
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Academician's morale is not a popular topic, and that makes sense on the surface. In this paper moral-value transfer-concept is developed as a function of the two parameters for the driving force. Derivation of the equation of the moral... more
Academician's morale is not a popular topic, and that makes sense on the surface. In this paper moral-value transfer-concept is developed as a function of the two parameters for the driving force. Derivation of the equation of the moral transfer is stimulated by analogy with rate transfer equations commonly used in transport phenomena in the field of chemical engineering. Several strategies should be launched to boost morale, particularly for scientist working on vital research areas in the domain of energy & chemical engineering; in particular the field of hydrogen energy.
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The IS-1893-2016 specifies various irregularities in the structures including their limits from seismic safety point of view. Architects are planning building without real understanding of the consequences of the irregularities in... more
The IS-1893-2016 specifies various irregularities in the structures including their limits from seismic safety point of view. Architects are planning building without real understanding of the consequences of the irregularities in structures, especially during Earthquake actions, sudden change in stiffness of a structure is considered very critical from transfer of forces point of view. The behavior of members meeting at a joint may result in erratic increase of forces, thus there is great need to critically study development of shear forces and torsion in various columns of a structure and compare them with a symmetric structure. In this paper structures are analyzed for stiffness irregularity. Three different cases of vertical irregularity are considered and the results are presented in graphical form. Sudden change in stiffness is leading to erratic increase in shear forces and torsional moment in various columns, thus it is advisable to go for structures without significant variation in stiffness.
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The study investigates the effect of impact modifier i.e. maleic anhydride grafted ethylene octene co-polymer on the mechanical performance of short glass fiber (SGF) / Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) composites. The results exhibit that... more
The study investigates the effect of impact modifier i.e. maleic anhydride grafted ethylene octene co-polymer on the mechanical performance of short glass fiber (SGF) / Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) composites. The results exhibit that SGF are effective in improving the tensile strength and impact properties of PBT. However, in case of ternary SGF/PBT/rubber composites the presence of maleic anhydride grafted ethylene octene co-polymer did improve the impact strength but exhibited a drastic drop in tensile strength. Morphological observations by Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed a layer of polymer adhering to the surface of glass fibers. The coating of polymer on SGF indicates the reactivity of maleic anhydride grafted ethylene octene co-polymer towards PBT matrix which reduced the interfacial shear strength and resulted in loss of tensile strength.
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Tall structure are being constructed with offset in horizontal as well as vertical direction to achieve architectural beauty, however creation of these of offset is resulting in uneven increase of forces in various column. There is need... more
Tall structure are being constructed with offset in horizontal as well as vertical direction to achieve architectural beauty, however creation of these of offset is resulting in uneven increase of forces in various column. There is need to evaluate the increase in the forces in various columns placed at critical locations in the structure. This paper deals with analysis of an ideal structure (without any offset) and its comparison with structures having defined offsets in line with IS1893-2002. It is observed that structure with sudden change in plan geometry causes erratic increase in the torsional moment and shear forces. By provision of vertical offset the structures, it can result in considerable increase in torsion and shear forces. It is advisable to critically evaluate the column forces for columns close to and away from the offset to make the structures safe under seismic loading.
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In the present manuscript we report the structural and optical properties of terbium doped lanthanum orthophosphate nanophosphor capped with assorted capping agents and synthesized by conventional sol-gel method. The fabricated... more
In the present manuscript we report the structural and optical properties of terbium doped lanthanum orthophosphate nanophosphor capped with assorted capping agents and synthesized by conventional sol-gel method. The fabricated nanophosphor has been characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), TG /DTA (thermo gravimetric analysis), PL (Photoluminescence spectroscopy) and FTIR (Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy). The studies explored that host LaPO4 when annealed at higher temperatures of 1000°C exhibit monazite structure which remain unaltered even after the addition of distinct capping agents like polyethylene glycol (PEG), Pyridine (PY) and Polystyrene (PS). The optical emission spectrum has been characterized with a broad band centered at 492nm and another spectral band at 545nm respectively. PL studies reveal that different spectral emission transitions are a consequence of typical 4f-4f intra configurational forbidden transitions of Tb3+. Additions of suitable capping agents have shown improvement in luminescence efficiency due to surface defect passivation. The present work confirms lanthanum orthophosphate nano phosphor doped with Tb3+ as a suitable host for phosphor converted LEDs and solid state lighting.
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Electric Vehicles (EVs) are developing as an essential methods for transportation to diminish ozone depleting substance outflows. So as to diminish the ozone depleting substance discharges, utilization of sustainable power sources e.g.... more
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are developing as an essential methods for transportation to diminish ozone depleting substance outflows. So as to diminish the ozone depleting substance discharges, utilization of sustainable power sources e.g. sun powered PV is being promoted. In this paper a charging-discharging methodology is proposed based on the variation of wholesale electric energy price. A hybrid algorithm is proposed which moves its method of activity amongst decided and heuristic method based on the price limit distribution. A three stage component is proposed which comprises of (i) computation of PV power from ongoing sun powered illumination data, (ii) distribution of real time energy price in different price limits and (iii) charging of EV with the help of Energy Storage System (ESS) at PV incorporated EV charging station. The calculation is keep running with continuous information to check the viability of the algorithm. ESS helps in proper charging of EV without giving any burden to grid.
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The non premixed flames occur when reactants, fuel and combustive, run out of two non premixed separated zones. The combustion takes place when the mixture brings back reactants in the zone of reaction. The modeling and the understanding... more
The non premixed flames occur when reactants, fuel and combustive, run out of two non premixed separated zones. The combustion takes place when the mixture brings back reactants in the zone of reaction. The modeling and the understanding of characteristics of this phenomenon are very difficult tasks for researchers and scientists until our days. In this work, we are interested in diffusion which runs in two identical sections separated by a membrane and each section is occupied by a gas mixture. To characterize properties of the diffusion, various numerical and semi-empirical techniques were used to calculate the various physical and chemical parameters permitting to determine the progression of the temperature and pressure during this diffusion for each section, the species production rate and the adiabatic temperature produced by a chemical reaction of propane and oxygen. The results attached to the cited physical and chemical parameters are presented and investigated. The obtained numerical simulations lead to encouraging results which affirm theoretical analysis and open many prospects.
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Computing systems can be changed adaptively according to business object specified by administrators to adapt to the impact of dynamic factors during the software evolution. The computing resource, which is the inner driving power of... more
Computing systems can be changed adaptively according to business object specified by administrators to adapt to the impact of dynamic factors during the software evolution. The computing resource, which is the inner driving power of self-adaptive software, is selected as cutting point of the research. The paper analysed the effect on the self-adaptability of computing resource at runtime. The self-adaptive model at runtime was presented based on computing resource. XML technology was employed to describe the context environment at runtime and Markov Chain was used to model the system behaviour. The component code was optimized by the self-adaptive optimizing engine. We show how such an approach can be woven into a health evaluation system and demonstrate the benefits of the proposed approach.
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The main challenge today is to promote the development and commercialization of renewable energy sources for widespread adaption. This requires a smooth transition from fossil fuel based generation system to renewable energy supported... more
The main challenge today is to promote the development and commercialization of renewable energy sources for widespread adaption. This requires a smooth transition from fossil fuel based generation system to renewable energy supported system. The two main obstacles in this regard are efficiency constraint and cost of renewable sources. Photovoltaic systems are one of the most promising and prominent candidates of emerging renewable sources. Lack of capability of bulk production of energy, system efficiency, availability, reliability, feasibility, sustainability, suitable geographical sites, lifetime, capital cost/investment, commercialization, energy storage, complex manufacturing process and finally cost of energy are the major factors affecting the growth of renewable sources like photovoltaic energy system. Improved performance and cost reduction can increase the use and popularity of the sources.
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In this extensive research work, chemical synthesis of nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) particles has been done following the bottom-up process. These days, research and development are mainly oriented to control the shape, size, structure and... more
In this extensive research work, chemical synthesis of nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) particles has been done following the bottom-up process. These days, research and development are mainly oriented to control the shape, size, structure and compositions of nano materials, which are key factors for shaping the essential features of nano-particles that lead to diversified technological applications. Nano-ZnO is a multifunctional substance with its exclusive substantial properties such as high compound strength, wide-ranging UV-rays absorption and high photo-stability. In this research work a very simple but effective technique has been developed to synthesize ZnO-nano particles using zinc-nitrate and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as working solutions. The impulsive amalgam has been dried, calcined and grinded. Prepared material has been examined by UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. It has been observed that the nano-ZnO particles exhibited distinctive surface plasmon resonance peak at approx 372-374 nm. Particles-sizes distribution by DLS technique referred that the particles have been obtained in the range of 15-45 nanometer (nm) for the purpose of progressive applications.
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By using the wind energy, electrical energy can be generated in minimum cost. Also it is eco friendly type of energy. The wind speed varies with respect to time and accordingly the power generation also varies. The power that is generated... more
By using the wind energy, electrical energy can be generated in minimum cost. Also it is eco friendly type of energy. The wind speed varies with respect to time and accordingly the power generation also varies. The power that is generated may exceed the demand limit or it can be less than the demand limit. This paper explains the slope assisted maximum power point tracking algorithm(SA-MPPT) and Power Limit Search algorithm(PLS). The power controller acts when power exceeds the power limit or power is less than the limit of the powert. All the simulations are done in MATLAB SIMULINK software.
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The present paper represents the result of an experimental study handled with developed colloidal grout material. These experimental study found the difference of strength of normal proportional base concrete and colloidal concrete by... more
The present paper represents the result of an experimental study handled with developed colloidal grout material. These experimental study found the difference of strength of normal proportional base concrete and colloidal concrete by using mixer. All grout types were prepared with the same water/cement ratio. Mixer which makes the colloidal grout is of 1200 watt. Hence it revolves around 500-550 rpm and makes grout colloidal. While in other side grout made by hand mixing procedure but found not effective as colloidal. The result showed that colloidal grout which is made by mixer has more compressive strength as compare to traditional hand mixing procedure. All the strength test of colgrout and simple grout exhibited till 3days and 7 days of curing time. compressive strength obtained by the colgrout by using mixer was found 82 KN/m2, 10.9KN/m2 for 3 and 7 days of curing period respectively, And compressive strength obtain by hand mixing grout was found 56KN/m2, 78KN/m2 for 3 and 7 days of curing period respectively.
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In, India, construction industry specially housing sector predominantly uses cement sand mortars for masonry construction. Cements being used in these mortars are predominantly high early strength cements like 53 grades or PPC. The... more
In, India, construction industry specially housing sector predominantly uses cement sand mortars for masonry construction. Cements being used in these mortars are predominantly high early strength cements like 53 grades or PPC. The practice in the other developed countries significantly differs from that of India as high early strength cements are not recommended in these countries, as they may lead to development of minor cracks in mortars, resulting in compromise on performance of masonry. Similar text is mentioned in 0.2 section of IS: 3466. Thus, there is great need to develop masonry mortars incorporating fly ash and rice husk ash to make masonry structure more performing and achieving the compressive strength as prescribed in Indian standards. The performance of cement sand mortar made with composite cementing components like ordinary portland cement, agricultural waste rice husk ash and industrial waste fly ash were studied in this work. Cement was replaced upto 40% of its weight by fly ash and rice husk ash. The proportion of mortar was taken 1:3 (Cementing component: Sand). Compressive strength test was conducted at 3, 7 and 28 and 90 days of curing. The results indicate replacement of 20 to 25% of cement with fly ash significantly improves the strengths and performance of mortar. The strength of rice husk ash mortar mixes reduces as the percentage of rice hush ash in the mixes is increased. Water absorption test results were on higher side, when cement was replaced by rice husk ash. The outcome of this research is expected in paving way in development of new and high performing masonry mortar combinations.
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Wireless communication technology is the biggest contribution to mankind. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are the extensions to wireless network provide data transmission and emergency services. Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication (V2V)... more
Wireless communication technology is the biggest contribution to mankind. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are the extensions to wireless network provide data transmission and emergency services. Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication (V2V) offers many services for vehicular environment, mainly to improve the safety in emergency rescue application. This kind of decentralized network requires new routing based technique to broadcast message. The V2V communication requires proper coordination between On-Board Units (OBUs) in the vehicles, and RoadSide Units (RSUs) on the roads to exchange any information among them. The proposed routing based application uses the combination of OBUs and RSUs of the VANETs to advise danger or emergency situations with V2V and RSUs message exchange. The desired routing protocol for this new application is AOMDV (Multipath) which is based on dynamic path selection over a IEEE 802.11p standard. The performance of the application will be evaluated through many simulations parameters of AOMDV protocol executed in highway city scenarios.
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In this industrial extensive research work, study of the synergistic effects of dispersed nano-pigment particles in combination with micron-sized pigment in polyurethane resin matrix has been carried out for the purpose of better... more
In this industrial extensive research work, study of the synergistic effects of dispersed nano-pigment particles in combination with micron-sized pigment in polyurethane resin matrix has been carried out for the purpose of better corrosion protection and weathering resistance properties of nano-composite coatings. For this purpose, ten types of paint formulations have been done. In first approach, industrial grade micron-sized rutile TiO2 pigment based polyurethane top coat has been synthesized. Further, to improve overall mechanical properties of existing industrial grade coatings, nine types of nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2 and nano-ZnO pigments modified polyurethane super white low-stoving top coats have been formulated for the purpose of comparative study of cured coating-film with respect to the requisite protection of automobile grade steel surfaces. Whether it was the improvement of corrosion resistance, weathering resistance, chemical resistance, water repellency, dispersion stability, surface covering capacity, adhesion property, film smoothness, gloss retention and other mechanical properties; nano materials incorporated paints and coatings have shown greater potential in several industrial applications. Furthermore, performance evaluation of paints and surface coatings was performed as per ASTM/BIS quality test methods; e.g. dry film thickness (DFT) test, gloss test, adhesion test, immersion test, salt spray test, quick ultraviolet (QUV) accelerated weathering resistance test and aging test etc. Subsequent to meticulous test observation, outstanding performance results have been found i.e. 100% adhesion, 99% gloss, 4000 hours passed in salt spray test and 3600 hours passed in QUV weathering test. On the basis of detailed experimentations, it has been proven that the appropriate applications and best possible dispersion of suitable nano pigment particles in superior quality of resins media can produce multipurpose reinforced polymer-nano-composite coating with a slight technological modification and can improve many properties of paints and composite coatings.
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The success of an irrigation water delivery system can be measured by how well it meets the requirement of users served by them. The system is effective only when the water supply is adequate and dependant. Keeping above in view the... more
The success of an irrigation water delivery system can be measured by how well it meets the requirement of users served by them. The system is effective only when the water supply is adequate and dependant. Keeping above in view the present study has been carried out with the objective to assess the performance of an irrigation system based on adequacy, dependability, efficiency and equity in Nanakmatta canal of district Udham Singh Nagar of Uttarakhand. Results showed that the adequacy (PIA) was less than 0.80 at head, middle and tail in the rabi season during the year 2005-06, 2008-09 and 2011-12, while the value of dependability (PID) was found more than 0.20 showed the "poor" performance during all the years. The value of dependability (PID) was found more than 0.20 in head, middle and tail during the year 2005-06, 2008-09 and 2011-12 in rabi season showed "poor" performance of the Nanakmatta canal. The value of equity (PIE) was found between 0.11 and 0.15 during rabi season in the year 2005-06, 2008-09 and 2011-12 showed the "fair" performance. The value of parameter PIEF was more than 0.85 during all three years at head, middle and tail, respectably showed "good" performance. According to the performance standards, the water delivery performance of Nanakmatta canal relative to adequacy and dependability was found "poor", efficiency was judged "good" and equity was adjudged "fair".The performance assessment study revealed that the system performance was "poor". The system performance could be improved upon by suitably altering the cropping pattern with less water requiring crops coupled with better ground water utilization plans to augment the irrigation water supply during water deficit periods.
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The commercial Isotactic Polypropylene (iPP/PP) is a semi-crystalline polymer with three different crystal forms α, β and γ. Nucleating agents, especially α-type, are added to iPP to increase the rate of crystallization, improvement in... more
The commercial Isotactic Polypropylene (iPP/PP) is a semi-crystalline polymer with three different crystal forms α, β and γ. Nucleating agents, especially α-type, are added to iPP to increase the rate of crystallization, improvement in stiffness, strength and clarity. Modification of iPP with α-nucleator talc leads to significant changes in the structural, morphological and thermal properties due to the accelerated rate of nucleation. In present investigation; the influence of 5 wt. % talc with different particle sizes on the nucleating efficiency of iPP has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The α-nucleator talc favored formation of α phase along with γ phase in trace, as evidenced by XRD. From this study it can be concluded that, talc has a strong heterogeneous nucleating effect and the particle size of the talc is decisive for haze and the nucleating efficiency. Similarly, the interfacial bonding between talc and iPP as shown by FTIR analysis is appreciable and also justified through scanning electron micrographs. Graphical Abstract 1 1 1 2 1 Polypropylene is a thermoplastic polymer with innumerable applications. Beside, isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is an important commercial polymer because of its versatility which stems in recyclability, cost effectiveness and good mechanical performance [1-4]. Despite widespread applications iPP suffers from major drawbacks like flammability, high thermal expansion, low stiffness, etc. Hence to improve its properties, talc incorporation as filler is advocated by many researchers, as the combination of iPP with inorganic fillers like talc offers the synergistic combination of properties [5]. M. Gahleitner et al. reviewed that 5 wt % of talc addition leads to increase in the nucleating efficiency by 40%, as the talc has low free energy [6]. Recent research has generated advances in iPP-talc composites that are
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This paper presents an extensive review on understanding all types of EEG artifacts which are incorporated in EEG signals while taking measurements from scalp of the different subjects. Artifacts which are more prominent and occurred very... more
This paper presents an extensive review on understanding all types of EEG artifacts which are incorporated in EEG signals while taking measurements from scalp of the different subjects. Artifacts which are more prominent and occurred very often are 'Ocular artifacts'. The characteristics of an EEG signal having OA's are mentioned and explained in the paper. Ocular artifacts have a large impact on measurement. Reasons for inclusion of these artifacts and why the elimination is essential have been explained in this paper. Artifacts can be also named as noise; and noise has to be removed from the signal. For removing the OA's signal modeling is essential. Many Artifact correction approaches have been developed to provide reliable results of identification detection and removal. The different methods like ICA, WT, ANN etc and their characteristics which are explained by the researchers is the main review part of this paper which will give us an idea of building a more accurate system algorithm to remove ocular artifacts from the contaminated EEG signal. In This paper, the different methods and their result parameters along with their values have been given in the tabular form.
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The microgrid stability is always concerned, because of its dynamic nature of a load and its locally connected micro sources (Renewable). Depending upon applications, the microgrid types, system structure and control methodology varies.... more
The microgrid stability is always concerned, because of its dynamic nature of a load and its locally connected micro sources (Renewable). Depending upon applications, the microgrid types, system structure and control methodology varies. The paper succinct to take cognizance of stability aspects of remote, utility connected and facility microgrid in manner of the operation, types of micro source and network parameters. The voltage stability, transient stability and small signal facet in different type of the microgrid are discussed along with realm of reformations. The micro sources with optimal power converters are used for matching load characteristics and to maintain power stability in different modes of microgrid. For analysis purpose of the microgrid different digital computation platform are used.