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  • Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Geography Department
    Transport Geography Division

    Rudower Chaussee 16
    12489 Berlin
    Room 4'102
  • +49(0)30 2093 6860
Häußermann und Siebel konzeptionalisierten 1993 mit der Festivalisierungsthese die stadtpolitische Instrumentalisierung von Großereignissen. Seither haben sich die Events und die theoretische Auseinandersetzung verändert. Hinsichtlich der... more
Häußermann und Siebel konzeptionalisierten 1993 mit der Festivalisierungsthese die stadtpolitische Instrumentalisierung von Großereignissen. Seither haben sich die Events und die theoretische Auseinandersetzung verändert. Hinsichtlich der Megaevents lassen sich derzeit zwei Trends beobachten: 1. der enorme ökonomische wie politische Bedeutungsgewinn der Events und 2. die Events finden immer häufiger im ‚Globalen Süden‘ statt. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die urbanen Bedingungen und Effekte von Megaevents am Beispiel Rio de Janeiros. Der Fokus liegt auf den in zumeist informell organisierten Wohngebieten einkommensschwacher Gruppen, auf den favelas, die sich als besonders sensibles Wirkungsfeld der Festivalisierung erweisen. Im Zuge der Auseinandersetzung mit den urbanen Effekten entwickeln wir eine analytische Perspektive, die sich auf andere Gastgeberstädte im Globalen Süden übertragen lässt. Thematisiert werden exkludierende Strategien und marktimperiale Effekte der Eventvorbereitung...
The paper analyses the role of publicly accessible single phase charging infrastructure with charging currents of 7 A, 10 A and 16 A in the low voltage grid for an economically viable transformation of the informal transport market of... more
The paper analyses the role of publicly accessible single phase charging infrastructure with charging currents of 7 A, 10 A and 16 A in the low voltage grid for an economically viable transformation of the informal transport market of three-wheeler motorcycles in Dar es Salaam from fossil propulsion to battery electric drives. An intensive stakeholder process is conducted to analyse the socioeconomic boundary conditions for this transformation. GPS track data of 65 vehicles in four driver groups is collected for 8 days apiece. The data is analysed to study the driving demand of the informal transport market in Dar es Salaam.Our results show that the increased weight of lead acid batteries cannot be easily compensated for by installing additional charging opportunities. Coincidence factor analysis reveals, that sharing of opportunity charging infrastructure is possible without reduction of the service level. Li-ion batteries plus publically accessible charging infrastructure shows the potential for the transformation within the next 10-15 years.
A significant part of the provision and regulation of transport services in urban areas in Africa is commonly referred to as ‘informal’ or ‘paratransit’. Informal transport operation in particular is commonly conceptualized as something... more
A significant part of the provision and regulation of transport services in urban areas in Africa is commonly referred to as ‘informal’ or ‘paratransit’. Informal transport operation in particular is commonly conceptualized as something that occurs without involvement of the state or government, both with respect to the market and the practices of operation and organization. This chapter raises the question whether this clear dichotomy that separates the ‘formal’ from the ‘informal’ is an appropriate guide to analyse and make sense of current practices in urban transport provision in African cities and explores alternative concepts such as institutional or urban bricolage. The chapter uses case study research to investigate how theory meets reality. It explores the public road passenger transport system in the city of Dar es Salaam that largely consists of bus services provided by private operators of minibuses (daladala), two- and three-wheeled motorcycle-taxis (locally known as bodaboda and bajaj) and, most recently, a bus rapid transit service. This analysis is to a large extent based on preliminary results of field research activities in Dar es Salaam, which include participant observation and conversations with stakeholders. A literature review and a document analysis of laws and regulations concerning public transport in Tanzania complement the investigation. The analysis shows that it is indeed virtually impossible to draw a clear distinction between formal and informal spheres. Instead, the study uncovers the provision and regulation of seemingly ‘informal’ transport services as ‘inextricably related practices’ of diverse governmental and non-governmental actors that are constantly renegotiated and governed by formal and informal institutions (i.e. rules). The chapter concludes that institutional or urban bricolage as a concept and ‘co-creation’ of rules and institutions as observable practice appear to offer a more realistic lens to understand what is usually termed ‘informality’.
This study assesses the feasibility of electric three-wheelers as moto-taxis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania from a socioeconomic and technical point of view. The analysis is based on three pillars: (i) the acceptance of users (the moto-taxi... more
This study assesses the feasibility of electric three-wheelers as moto-taxis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania from a socioeconomic and technical point of view. The analysis is based on three pillars: (i) the acceptance of users (the moto-taxi drivers) for adoption, (ii) the vehicle specifications incl. battery type and size, and (iii) the role of the charging infrastructure. Findings are based on data from empirical field-work; methods used are qualitative and quantitative data analysis and modelling. Main findings include that moto-taxi drivers, who we see as most important adopters, are open towards electric mobility. They request however that vehicles should have similar driving characteristics than their current fuel-vehicles. As the market is very price sensitive, keeping the vehicle cost is of high importance. A high potential to lower these costs is seen by offering opportunity charging spots around the city. If such an infrastructure is being implemented the combination with suita...
Informal transport is an important factor for people's daily mobility in most developing countries, in urban as well as in rural areas. It has grown rapidly in recent years and influences cities' appearances all around the world.... more
Informal transport is an important factor for people's daily mobility in most developing countries, in urban as well as in rural areas. It has grown rapidly in recent years and influences cities' appearances all around the world. But little is known about its operation, as informal transport is highly dynamic and its operation mostly unregulated by the state. This paper discusses how informal transport can be better understood by using GPS tracking data. The methodology is exemplified using results from a feasibility study from Dar es Salaam. The results show that GPS tracking has great potential to provide insights into the functionality of informal transport, such as its role as a feeder mode in the transport system, as well as into the comparative advantages and disadvantages of different modes of transport. Moreover, by delivering spatially locatable information on mobility developments, it can deliver important information for integrated planning with regard to better c...
A significant part of the provision and regulation of transport services in urban areas in Africa is commonly referred to as ‘informal’ or ‘paratransit’. Informal transport operation in particular is commonly conceptualized as something... more
A significant part of the provision and regulation of transport services in urban areas in Africa is commonly referred to as ‘informal’ or ‘paratransit’. Informal transport operation in particular is commonly conceptualized as something that occurs without involvement of the state or government, both with respect to the market and the practices of operation and organization. This chapter raises the question whether this clear dichotomy that separates the ‘formal’ from the ‘informal’ is an appropriate guide to analyse and make sense of current practices in urban transport provision in African cities and explores alternative concepts such as institutional or urban bricolage. The chapter uses case study research to investigate how theory meets reality. It explores the public road passenger transport system in the city of Dar es Salaam that largely consists of bus services provided by private operators of minibuses (daladala), two- and three-wheeled motorcycle-taxis (locally known as bodaboda and bajaj) and, most recently, a bus rapid transit service. This analysis is to a large extent based on preliminary results of field research activities in Dar es Salaam, which include participant observation and conversations with stakeholders. A literature review and a document analysis of laws and regulations concerning public transport in Tanzania complement the investigation. The analysis shows that it is indeed virtually impossible to draw a clear distinction between formal and informal spheres. Instead, the study uncovers the provision and regulation of seemingly ‘informal’ transport services as ‘inextricably related practices’ of diverse governmental and non-governmental actors that are constantly renegotiated and governed by formal and informal institutions (i.e. rules). The chapter concludes that institutional or urban bricolage as a concept and ‘co-creation’ of rules and institutions as observable practice appear to offer a more realistic lens to understand what is usually termed ‘informality’.
Research Interests:
Häußermann und Siebel konzeptionalisierten 1993 mit der Festivalisierungsthese die stadtpolitische Instrumentalisierung von Großereignissen. Seither haben sich die Events und die theoretische Auseinandersetzung verändert. Hinsichtlich der... more
Häußermann und Siebel konzeptionalisierten 1993 mit der Festivalisierungsthese die stadtpolitische Instrumentalisierung von Großereignissen. Seither haben sich die Events und die theoretische Auseinandersetzung verändert. Hinsichtlich der Megaevents lassen sich derzeit zwei Trends beobachten: 1. der enorme ökonomische wie politische Bedeutungsgewinn der Events und 2. die Events finden immer häufiger im ‚Globalen Süden‘ statt. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die urbanen Bedingungen und Effekte von Megaevents am Beispiel Rio de Janeiros. Der Fokus liegt auf den in zumeist informell organisierten Wohngebieten einkommensschwacher Gruppen, auf den favelas, die sich als besonders sensibles Wirkungsfeld der Festivalisierung erweisen. Im Zuge der Auseinandersetzung mit den urbanen Effekten entwickeln wir eine analytische Perspektive, die sich auf andere Gastgeberstädte im Globalen Süden übertragen lässt. Thematisiert werden exkludierende Strategien und marktimperiale Effekte der Eventvorbereitung. Im Fazit werden diese als anti-social legacy zusammengefasst.
Rio steht exemplarisch für den aktuellen Trend, dass Megaevents immer häufiger in Ländern des Globalen Südens veranstaltet werden, vor allem in sog. emerging nations, deren Volkswirtschaften seit einigen Jahren enorme ökonomische... more
Rio steht exemplarisch für den aktuellen Trend, dass Megaevents immer häufiger in Ländern des Globalen Südens veranstaltet werden, vor allem in sog. emerging nations, deren Volkswirtschaften seit einigen Jahren enorme ökonomische Wachstumsraten verzeichnen, aber gleichzeitig von gravierenden inneren sozialen Disparitäten geprägt sind (Haferburg und Steinbrink 2010). An die Ausrichtung dieser globalen Medienspektakel knüpfen die Ausrichterstädte die Hoffnung, sich im weltweiten Standortwettbewerb der Metropolen als World Class City zu positionieren (Steinbrink et al. 2011). Die stadtplanerischen Eventvorbereitungen in Ländern des Südens erfolgen im Spannungsfeld zwischen globalen Imagezielsetzungen auf der einen und den lokalen Bedürfnissen der mehrheitlich ökonomisch schwachen Bevölkerung auf der anderen Seite. Besonders deutlich wird dieses Spannungsfeld im stadtpolitischen Umgang mit den städtischen Marginalsiedlungen. Ein Großteil der städtischen Bevölkerung – insbesondere die Einkommensschwächsten – wohnt in der Peripherie und auf städtischen Residualflächen in Siedlungen, die laut UN-Habitat (2003, 11) als Slum zu bezeichnen und meist nicht mit dem in der UN-Charta festgeschriebenen Menschenrecht auf adäquaten Wohnraum vereinbar sind. Entsprechend der Eigenlogik der Festivalisierungspolitik haben die Ausrichterstädte aber ganz andere Probleme mit ihren Slums: Für Regierungen, Stadtverwaltungen und Verbandsfunktionäre gelten sie als unansehnlicher Backstagebereich der urbanen Bühnenshow und als Schandflecken. Sie sind räumliche Träger jener Merkmalszuschreibungen, deren Überwindung der Weltöffentlichkeit mithilfe des Events präsentiert werden soll. Die Slums stellen also aufgrund ihrer spezifischen Zeichenhaftigkeit ein Inszenierungsproblem dar.
Wie Erfahrungen mit Megaevents in Ländern des Südens zeigen, ist die konventionelle Strategie im Umgang mit diesem Inszenierungsproblem die Invisibilisierung des Zeichenträgers – meist in Form von Abriss und Vertreibung. Die Slums sollen von der hochglanzpolierten Event Map verschwinden. Dieser Beitrag thematisiert die Festivalisierungspolitik Rio de Janeiros und fokussiert auf den politischen Umgang mit den Favelas im Vorfeld der kommenden Megaevents. Es wird dargestellt, dass die Stadtpolitik zwar auch hier auf die gängigen Strategien zur Lösung des Inszenierungsproblems zurückgreift, diese aber auch durch „innovative“ Maßnahmen ergänzt. Im Folgenden werden insbesondere jene stadtpolitischen Interventionen in den Blick genommen, die auf eine Zeichentransformation im Sinne einer positiven Veränderung der Aufladung der Favelasemantik abzielen. Es geht um die „Festifavelasierung“ in Rio de Janeiro.
Like any other academic discipline, geography aims at the production of knowledge, administration of inventories of existing knowledge as well as transfer and dissemination of disciplinary knowledge. If we understand knowledge as a... more
Like any other academic discipline, geography aims at the production of
knowledge, administration of inventories of existing knowledge as well as transfer
and dissemination of disciplinary knowledge. If we understand knowledge as a
communicative and cooperative process of exchange, then academic geography can
be conceptualized as a knowledge network.
Certainly, the concept of knowledge networks seems rather diffuse or at least
difficult to grasp empirically. Based on the idea of Social Network Analysis (SNA),
this paper suggests a way of approaching this ambiguous concept.
The explorative Analysis investigates 121 full professors working in the field of
human geography in Germany and specific links of scientific interaction between
them. The following relations are explored: (1) citations, (2) co-publications, and
(3) invitations to sessions of the biennial meeting of German geographers
(Deutscher Geographentag).
On the one hand, German academic geography serves as an example to examine
the suitability of SNA to investigate disciplinary knowledge networks. On the other
hand, the results can possibly serve as a basis to discuss content-related dimensions
of the linkages of network processes and the production of knowledge within
German academic geography.
1
Research Interests:
Despite its many challenges and limitations the concept of in situ upgrading of informal settlements has become one of the most favoured approaches to the housing crisis in the ‘Global South’. Due to its inherent principles of incremental... more
Despite its many challenges and limitations the concept of in situ upgrading of informal settlements has become one of the most favoured approaches to the housing crisis in the ‘Global South’. Due to its inherent principles of incremental in situ development, prevention of relocations, protection of local livelihoods and democratic participation and cooperation, this approach is often perceived to be more sustainable than other housing approaches that often rely on quantitative housing delivery and top down planning methodologies. While this study does not question the benefits of the in situ upgrading approach, it seeks to identify problems of its practical implementation within a specific national and local context. The study discusses the origin and importance of this approach on the basis of a review of international housing policy development and analyses the broader political and social context of the incorporation of this approach into South African housing policy. It further uses insights from a recent case study in Cape Town to determine complications and conflicts that can arise when applying in situ upgrading of informal settlements in a complex local context. On that basis benefits and limitations of the in situ upgrading approach are specified and prerequisites for its successful implementation formulated.