ABHAY YADAV (RA2212001010002)

Karyological investigations on two Gymnopleurus spp.; Gymnopleurus miliaris (F.) and Gymnopleurus parvus (MacL.) are under taken in the present study. Meioformula of G. miliaris (17AA+Xyp) and G. parvus (8AA+Xyp) are presented. None of these beetles exhibited a modal polyphagan karyotype. However, Xyp was found to be the male sex chromosome mechanism. Most chromosomes are acro and subtelocentric. Change in the number and size of chromosomes in the karyotypes is suggestive of the Robertsonian fusion having played some role in the evolution of karyotype in this genus. The evolutionary trends in Gymnopleurus have been discussed.

The chromosomes obtained from meloid beetle Mylabris pustulata Thumb. of subfamily Meloinae was studied using standard staining and C-banding. The cytological information of beetles is useful in many ways. Theoretically, it is important to understand the mechanism governing the transmission of genetic information, hence speciation and for classification on taxonomic levels. It is also useful in the field of applied economic entomology for the improvement of species. The karyotype of Mylabris pustulata, is comprised of 22 chromosomes with meioformula, 10AA+Xyp. The analysis of constitutive heterochromatin (CH) revealed small blocks located in the terminal regions of dumbbell shaped bivalents in metaphase I. The increased in chromosome number from 20 (Modal number) to 22 and with conserved sex chromosome mechanism in Mylabris pustulata as compared to other species of this family is suggestive of the Robertsonian fission of autosomes having played some role in the evolution of karyotype in this family.

Smoking causes genetic damage associated with increased risk of oral cancer. Cigarette smoking induces genetic aberrations and micronucleus assay is a great biomarker to study the effect of smoking in human population. The present study was undertaken to detect incidence of nuclear anomalies in the exfoliated buccal epithelial cells of smokers using micronucleus assay. 100 healthy individuals (48 smokers and 52 non-smokers) were chosen randomly for the present study. A significantly high frequency of micronuclei was observed in the smokers (p<0.01) as compared to non-smokers. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the frequency of binucleate cells and karyolysis depicting increased damage in the smokers. A dose-response relationship was observed between smoking and DNA damage.

The chromosomal analysis of beetle Hoplopoderus gemmeatus Thunberg. of subfamily Attelabidae and tribe Hoplop Soderini was done using standard staining, C-banding and AgNO3 banding. Tribe Hoplopoderini was first time mapped cytogenetically. The cytological information of these beetles is useful in many ways. Theoretically, it is important to understand the mechanism governing the transmission of genetic information, hence speciation and for classification on taxonomic levels. It is also useful in the field of applied economic entomology for the improvement of species. The karyotype of Hoplopoderus gemmeatus, is comprised of 30 chromosomes with meioformula, 14AA+Xyp. The analysis of constitutive heterochromatin (CH) revealed small blocks located in the centromeric regions of chromosomes, whereas silver staining revealed the silver dark spots corresponding to the nucleolar organizing region. The increased in chromosome number from 20 (Modal number) to 30 and with conserved sex chromosome mechanism in Hoplopoderus gemmeatus as compared to other species of this family is suggestive of the Robertsonian fission of autosomes having played some role in the evolution of karyotype in this family.

Three species of genus Onthophagus viz. O. catta Fabr., O. falsus Gill, O. bonasus Fabr. displayed a male meio-formula 9AA + Xy with 2n = 20 chromosomes. The fourth species Sisyphus neglectus Gory presented meio-formula of 7AA + Xyp with 2n = 16 chromosomes. O. falsus and Sisyphus neglectus are new additions to the cytological data of beetles.

The aim of present study was to describe the karyotype of species belonging to the genus Onthophagus and to compile the conventional cytogenetic data available in the literature for this group. Chromosomal investigations on three Onthophagus spp. viz. O. fasciatus (Boucomont, 1914), O. unifasciatus (Schaller, 1783) and O. bifasiatus (Fabricius, 1781) were analysed using conventional staining and C-banding. All the three species possessed 20 chromosomes and a modal polyphagan karyotype with Xyp as the male sex chromosome mechanism. Most of the autosomal chromosomes were metacentric or submetacentric, while X and y showed acrocentric nature. Modal chromosome number of these species showed the conservative nature of the karyotype. C-bands were located predominantly at peri-centric position. Along with this chiasma frequency, terminalisation coefficient and sperm number count were also calculated which again showed a close relationship among these species.

In the present study, the distribution of serological traits like ABO and Rh (D) blood groups in patients suffering from cancer has been compared with normal healthy individuals in Haryana. In the ABO blood group system the frequency of A allele ranged from 0.130-0.207, that of B allele ranged from 0.253-0.574 and of O allele from 0.219-0.573. In Rh (D) blood group system the frequency of d allele ranged from 0.333-0.433 while the frequency of D allele varied from 0.567-0.667. The frequency range of traits studied varied to some extent from the range of controls as well as previously studied populations of North West India.

The distribution of serological traits like ABO and Rh (D) blood groups in six endogamous groups of Haryana viz. Yadav, Jat, Baniya, Gujjar, Jat Sikh and Brahmin, has been studied. In the ABO blood group system the frequency of A allele ranges from 0.066 - 0.185, that of B allele ranges from 0.267 - 0.402 and of O allele from 0.417 - 0.571. In Rh (D) blood group system the frequency of d allele ranges from 0.00 - 0.41 while the frequency of D allele varies from 0.59 - 1.00. The frequency range of traits studied varied slightly from the range of other populations of North West India.

SummaryAsthma is a chronic disorder of the airways. Oxidative stress is an important part of asthma pathogenesis. It plays a crucial role in exacerbating the disease, as well as an important consequence of airways inflammation.Aim: The present study was undertaken to investigate the lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in serum and antioxidant level in plasma of asthmatic patients and their association with lifestyle and severity of the disease.Methods: A total of 210 subjects, 120 asthmatics and 90 healthy controls matched in respect to age, sex, lifestyle and socioeconomic status, were chosen randomly for the present study. The samples were analyzed for MDA concentration and catalase activity in serum and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). Statistical analysis was done using unpaired Student’s t-test, ANOVA with Duncan post hoc test and Pearson coefficient of correlation.Results: The serum MDA was found to be significantly higher in the asthmatics as compared to healthy...

This paper represent that moment capacity ratio of beam column joint is an important consideration for framed structures. This paper describes that ductility of structures increases with increase of moment capacity ratio and how moment capacity ratio affects the building fragility. The need of this paper is to study the effects of moment capacity ratio on the ductility and strength of structure, and also on the probability of failure of multistoried building.