Adriano V Autino

Scope of the paper First chapter - Philosophy and visions of the world in the globalized society Second chapter - Expansion into space: the not obvious key I am willing to present this paper at the IAF. P.4 Space and Education Symposium - Beyond Education. The paper is new and never presented before.

After the progressive reduction of the government funds for space activities, the mission cost reduction became relevant for all the space players: industry, research, agencies. Any space project, mainly for the sake of safety, pays a very high attention to Quality standards. Traditionally, the Quality standards represent a very big part of the space project cost. Such an high cost is mostly devoted to traceability and paper documentation production/maintenance. When the project enters critical phases (testing, integration, simulation, commissioning), often the scheduling needs conflict with Quality needs, and – against any safe approach – Quality goals are often sacrificed to time schedule. A significant reduction of the project times is obtained, by good willing designers, by the use of electronics and informatics to handle the very critical phases and project tasks. Capitalizing the experience of several complex projects, the author derived a methodology based on electronic relational tools, to define and manage the project requirements, test procedures, technical notes and detected problems, input/output signals history and project documents. A complete set of relational tools was conceived and developed, then integrated in a client-server system named Project & Test Engineering System. This paper aims to describe the methodology, and to give knowledge of the tools.

As new-humanists and astro-humanists, we look with interest at those historical ages, before the current one, which have seen the development of humanist philosophies. One of the most interesting periods, from this point of view, is certainly the Florentine Renaissance of 1500. Our age shows numerous common points with that period, that saw the discovery of the "new world", the beginning of the banking system and the international trade. Today we have the globalization of the economy, and a new world has been "discovered" (since 1969) and it is in our range: the Moon and the Geo-Lunar system. Philosophically, the Renaissance’ season saw the development of the new-Platonism, the focusing on the man, and the aim to the universe and to the infinite. The new-Humanism and the Astro-Humanism retake, in some measure, the platonic values, reaffirm with strength the centralness of the humans, aiming to a transcendental fusion between man and nature, and expanding the bord...

Civilization expansion into space is 50 years late. The advent of reusable rockets, by Space X since 2015, gave us hope, after a long wait for space tourism to become a reality. This paper briefly summarizes the causes of the delay. However, for the real start of the geo-lunar space industrialization, reusable rockets and low cost launch vehicles are just the first essential step.
A realistic business plan shall be drafted, addressing the most profitable industrial development strategies, such as, e.g., satellites assembly and maintenance in orbit, low gravity products, space debris and wreckages recovering and reusing in orbital workshops, by 3D printing and other technologies.
Envisioning industries in space, it is clear that space travellers and workers will not be only professional astronauts. In other terms, space settlement will begin when it will be possible to move civilian people to space and accommodate them for long periods, eventually as resident space citizens. Just as airline passengers don’t need to be pilots, nor hostesses, nor stewards, space travellers shouldn’t be astronauts.
It is clear that civilian space travellers have mission requirements different from military astronauts. Civilian passengers and settlers need softer traveling conditions and protection against the austerities of living in space, such as low gravity and cosmic radiations, they need green environments in the habitats, not to mention legal warranties, as any airline company knows well.
Astronaut Scott Kelly spent a year on the ISS, exposed to microgravity and radiation, which had detrimental effects on his health, as documented in his book, "Endurance". Microgravity can be solved by providing rotational gravity. Radiation can be solved by shielding. If we want the average person, without astronautic training, to travel in space, we also need vehicles as comfortable as normal airliners, with horizontal take-off and landing, low acceleration, and safe re-entry into the atmosphere. For the sake of our physical and mental health, we also need green environments in space habitats: vegetables and animals with us.
Passenger Transportation Systems and Space Habitats requirements are briefly captured and assessed, considering few evolving levels, from classical astronautic space exploration to space settlement, as to duration, distance from Earth, diffe-rent vulnerability to radiations, low gravity, hard psychological and logistic conditions:
- Terrestrial analogue campaigns training for habitats and research (such as ILEWG EuroMoonMars and MMAARS)
- Sub-orbital tourism
- Sub-orbital transportation
- Orbital tourism
- Lunar tourism
- Space exploration: short missions, lunar missions, Mars missions long distance missions
- Working and living in space

Space exploration was born since the first satellite launch-Sputnik, October 4th 1957-and developed for more than 60 years. A huge investment of public money was devoted to space agencies, however the high frontier was not yet opened to civilian development. The cost of Earth to Orbit transportation was artificially kept very high for more than 40 years, to second the lobbies of spendable rockets producers. And it is now only thanks to the Elon Musk's visionary and pragmatic strategy-the rockets reusability-that such cost is finally decreasing, allowing private enterprises to enter the space market area. Notwithstanding the great success and impetuous growth of the new space industry and market segment, that is paving the path for commercial space activities and eventually space settlement, the whole space agencies' strategy is still mainly based upon space exploration. And the enabling technologies to allow untrained civilians to travel, work and live in space, are still not having the due priority in the research programmes, according to a misconceptionthat civilian space flight pertains to private industry only. However, protection from cosmic radiations is a scientific challenge, artificial gravity includes scientific research and experimentation aspects, green environments in space habitats require research by exo-biology and exoagriculture sciences, just to name a few key examples. This paper discusses why the advocates of a further space exploration should become the best advocates of space settlement. No doubts that space exploration will always have its importance: what we want to promote is to give proper importance to civilian space settlement, finally. The differences between exploration and expansion, in terms of feasibility, sustainability, opportunity and social needs will be analysed. The main rationale is socioeconomic: should our civilization remain closed within the boundaries of our mother planet, the multiple crises that are already jeopardizing our economy and culture will likely close the "launch window" sooner than what we could expect until a few years ago. The dramatic climate change, the COVID19 pandemics, and the subsequent deep economic crisis, are a clear demonstration. In a few years, should the space economy not be vigorously on its road to reverse the multi-crises and relaunch the global economy and cultural renaissance, how can we think there will be funds and enthusiasm for a further selftargeted space exploration?

Two months ago, the SRI 2nd World Congress updated our analysis of the status of civilization, and defined our program for the next four years, toward 2020. This paper aims to focus our priorities within the current global perspective, as the space renaissance continues to unfold.
We may face unavoidable turmoil and dramatic events, challenging established routines and customs, and extending public opinion as perceptions move forward. Looking towards our immediate future, even events perceived as far distant, will become immanent, as a fast paced process of global engagement for space begins to emerge. We have identified, three essential developments, which SRI will support with immediate outreach actions: Establishing Low Cost Access to Earth Orbit, addressing the issues of the protection of civilian life and health in space, and advocating for a suitable set of laws for the global governance of activities in Outer Space, i.e. to collate, and extend international civilian rights in space.
Some key technological advances, including fully reusable rockets and additive manufacturing, will allow the inception of comprehensive manned activities in Earth orbit, and the first steps for industrialization of the space surrounding the Earth and Moon space region.
SRI will promote and support such an on going process: establishing the paradigm shift from military space exploration to civilian expansion in Outer Space. In the “Military and civilian space” section of this ocument, we include a brief note about our anthropologic analysis of the paradigm shift.

A message to the Space Renaissance Initiative google group by A. Autino-August 8 th 2009 Dear SRI members, the discussion to produce our Manifesto was rich, and it keeps stimulating my reflections. This discussion was very fertile, since it ignited, even with some over-the-lines accents, a discussion around our humanist concepts, and why they are very needed. We shouldn't stop this process, now that the Manifesto is maybe in its final shared version, at least for us (we will see what will be the possible comments of external people, as suggested). It is my deep conviction that none of the Twentieth Century ideological oppositions would be useful, nowadays, to come out from the current crisis in an evolutionary way. We should be aware, however, that the many Novecento's ideological ghosts, and related dichotomous contrasts, are still ruling the world, and we have a proof of that each time we touch some "sensitive" topic. It is also my deep conviction that we, in this group, with all our ideological differences, share a bunch of deep philosophical concepts, suitable to keep us working together for our shared goals. If we will be able to feed such core and to develop it together, then our movement will become stronger, and we will become a (new) factor, a new ideological subject, able to unify efforts and to attract people to work with us. For sure we should try to give (normal life) rationals to the ones which will never leave the planet's surface. But also have the task to give rationals to the ones which sincerely are seeking conceptual alternative ways for the survival and continuation of the civilization. If we will be many, we can accommodate all of the useful tasks, giving each of them its due importance. For instance I would encourage Sandijs Aploks, who recently introduced some very stimulating concepts , to write a paper on the topics (could we adopt the IAF standard, max. 11 a4 pages?): I would be very eager to know more about that. The value of Human Life is key I think the main (philosophical) question we should try to answer, in order to find and keep evolving our shared barycentre, is the value of human life, that directly leads to Astronautic Humanism. If you think about, you will see that we cannot answer to the most trivial common questions, if we don't deeply reflect on that concept. Let's face the problem of the problems: we are seven billion individuals on one only planet. The most commonsense answer to this problem is the nature's answer: we are too many, then let's kill half of us, or let's nature to do its dirty job, by illnesses, tsunamis, wars, etc… (yes, I intentionally list wars in this

The authors argue that the creation of a popular new industry of passenger space travel could be economically and socially very beneficial in creating new employment in aerospace and related fields in order to supply these services. In doing so, the application of nearly a half-century of technological development that has yet to be used commercially could create many new aerospace engineering business opportunities. In addition, by growing to large scale, space tourism has unique potential to reduce the cost of space travel sharply, thereby making many other activities in space feasible and profitable. The paper discusses the scope for new employment, stimulating economic growth, reducing environmental damage, sustaining education particularly in the sciences, stimulating cultural growth, and preserving peace by eliminating any need for ''resource wars''.

Large public opinion usually thinks about space as a very difficult, dangerous and unsafe environment. Recent and less recent catastrophes reminded to us how Earth can be unsafe, causing the death of thousands Terrestrials in few minutes. It is very urgent to bring to the public attention some benefits of space, and points where space is easier, safer and more convenient than Earth, at least: a) Easy transport at zero gravity zero attrition. b) Light space structures vs. heavy earthling ones. c) Earth is pregnant, not ill! d) Boundless energy. e) Halved the possibilities of extinction of human kind. f) An artificial orbiting house can move, if something is coming to hit it. g) Using the fall into gravitational wells to accumulate energy. h) Being out of the gravitational well is a higher degree of freedom. i) Growing economy vs. stagnation and decay. The paper outlines and proposes a proper publishing programme, to collect all the space eases and conveniences, find out proper experts to speak about each one of them, develop TV programs and other media issues. THE FIFTH SEASON End of the Terrestrial Civilization? The first years of the new millennium seems not to be under a good start. Our energetic resources are dramatically scarce[1], food resources and cultivable ground are shortening too, back-warded conflicts threaten our daily life, global economy is stagnant, lacking of strong industrial development lines[2]. Environmental problems-be they caused or not by human growth-threaten our health and survival. Two Asian giants, China and India, started their industrial development, and it is likely that the resources of this planet will not be enough to allow the completion of it. Such a scenario lets envisage other conflicts at the horizon, even worse than the current one, between some western countries and the jadist-qaedist terrorists. Decadent cultural vectors unfortunately dominate the cultural scene; the industrial decline and the stop of the development are generally accepted, when not advocated, by particular recessive philosophies. This paper doesn't aim to analyze the reasons of such a status of things, that I discussed in several other writings (see some samples in [3][4][5]). In general terms, we can say that our growth, as a sentient species, is very near to its natural limit, in the closed environment of this planet. And the awareness of the environmental and resources problems is, at the same time, the measure and the agent of such a process. At this point, if we weren't a technological species (if we weren't an intelligent species), our situation would be without hopes. Homo sapiens had a springtime season, since prehistory to Neolithic begin; a summer, from Neolithic revolution to the advent of written cultures; an autumn, with the harvest of our cultural progresses, up to our present days. And we would be now entering the winter, end of our civilization, since we would not have other space nor resources to develop further. But the above is an impossible paradox: if we weren't an intelligent technologic species we would have had another history, not so different from the one of sharks, or other predators at the top of the food chain, or maybe even not at the top (humans' only weapon was their intelligence, compared to other predators). Out of hypothesis and paradoxes, this is what we are: an intelligent technologic species. And, btw, we hold a space technology, though at initial stage. So we have an alternative: we can have a fifth season, after winter. And such a fifth season can only be out of our birth planet. The fifth season can only take place in the extraterrestrial space. Space: option or imperative? In the large public opinion, if the awareness of the possible end is very diffused, not so we can say about the awareness of the real alternatives.

After the progressive reduction of the government funds for space activities, the mission cost reduction became relevant for all the space players: industry, research, agencies. Any space project, mainly for the sake of safety, pays a very high attention to Quality standards.  Traditionally, the Quality standards represent a very big part of the space project cost. Such an high cost is mostly devoted to traceability and paper documentation production/maintenance. When the project enters critical phases (testing, integration, simulation, commissioning), often the scheduling needs conflict with Quality needs, and – against any safe approach – Quality goals are often sacrificed to time schedule. A significant reduction of the project times is obtained, by good willing designers, by the use of electronics and informatics to handle the very critical phases and project tasks. Capitalizing the experience of several complex projects, the author derived a methodology based on electronic relational tools, to define and manage the project requirements, test procedures, technical notes and detected problems, input/output signals
history and project documents. A complete set of relational tools was conceived and developed, then integrated in a client-server system named Project & Test Engineering System. This paper aims to describe the methodology, and to give knowledge of the tools.

The space philosophy foundation task is getting more feasible Just a couple of years ago, when we (the SRI founders) started discussing the possibility of a space renaissance spreading around the world, many criticized our philosophical approach. They said: "philosophy is just talking. To expand into space, humanity needs action, science and technology." We went ahead, at our pace, developing the discussion about astronautic humanism, sure that a new Copernican revolution was, and is, very much needed. In fact, the dominating philosophy, even in the 21st Century, is still fully pre-Copernican, and the general metaphysics (perception of the world) is limited to the boundaries of our mother planet. We thought, in fact, that scientific and technological means for human expansion into space are fully within our range. What is missing is the political orientation to space, and the general public awareness of the absolute urgency of expanding into space. Such a situation can be reversed only by a complete re-foundation of the philosophy 1 , a giant task, but fortunately we are no more alone. Nowadays several significant signs show that the situation is changing. Besides the few founders of the modern astronautic humanist current, e.g. Stephen Ashworth, working on this matter for many years, an important institute such as the Kepler Space Institute 2 (an entity affiliated with the Space Renaissance International 3 , btw) decided to give birth to a Journal of Space Philosophy, and kindly proposed to me to enter the Board of Editors. During 2010 I wrote an article, reviewing the James Cameron's movie Avatar 4 , from an astronautic humanist point of view; Stephen wrote an article 5 on his side, and both articles raised a good discussion. A wide discussion has been raised as well, since 2006, around the interviews released by the famous astrophysicist Stephen Hawking, stating that humanity is condemned if it will not expand into space 6. And, a few days ago, a rather famous character, Bob Zubrin, founder of the Mars Society, published a long essay against the coercive birth control policies going on in the world 7. In his article, Bob clearly refers to new humanism, as a lay philosophy. Nowadays, when we say that SRI is a philosophical society, everybody seems to think that it is a good thing, and that we are contributing to fill a void that needed since long time to be filled. Defining Astronautic Humanism To define astronautic humanism in a short paper is not that difficult as one could think. The Space Renaissance Manifesto 8 , written in 2010, states clearly: "Today, in the 21st century, a quite new vision of the world is needed, thus we call for a new renaissance, a Space Renaissance! The world is not finite; it is not bound to Planet Earth. During the 20 th Century space flight took its first hesitant steps thanks to some enlightened scientists and philosophers such as Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Krafft Ehricke, Gerard O'Neill, and others. These men were the fathers of the philosophical current that we call Astronautic Humanism; thanks to them and the ideas they have given us, we live in a season of great progress in science and technology... one that lacks only resources and a unifying vision before it will transform the modern world as the Renaissance and the Enlightenment transformed the old. We want to focus on humans and their needs and aims again. Our concern is for all of the almost 7 billion humans living on Earth today. We care for their

Several philosophers (including Hawking, Lovelock, and Ziolo) warned about the implosion of civilization in the course of this century due to the unsustainable growth of humanity within the closed system of our mother planet. The global crisis, which began in 2008, is a deep crisis of resources, initially manifested as a financial crisis. Such a crisis could be one of the cyclical downturns, analyzed by Nicolai Kondratieff, which occur with a frequency of about sixty years and it could last 20 years. At this critical stage of human history, a nihilist thread is gaining momentum-so-called degrowth-in which nature is taken as an ethical model and is increasingly revered, while the value of human life declines. These philosophies are proposed as love and respect for nature, but they threaten the survival of humanity. Proponents of astronautics, ever looking for rationales for space, must focus on a counter-philosophy: that the expansion of civilization in space is a moral issue. Not expanding civilization into space would be a real, specific suicide: a rapid decline and the end of humanity as a cultural species. Such a waiver would therefore be a crime against humanity. Economic and social growth is absolutely necessary for the development of a fully inclusive human society, free and democratic. The resources of the solar system are virtually endless, covering human needs for several millennia. Therefore, while the modern Savonarolas advocate a season of thrift and wise administration of misery, we should learn to handle the large abundance and freedom that we will find in space. The only possible evolutionary step is to step into space (Ehricke, Hawking, Ziolo, Wolfe). Humans are midway in their journey from animal status toward full human status, emancipated from the natural behaviors of murderous ferocity and exploitation. This step can be completed only by expanding in space, and accessing a platform of virtually infinite resources and energy.

The status of Civilization is analyzed from the points of view of demography, science, technology, social, economy, environment, evolution, expansion into outer space.
Particular attention is paid to the current extremely critical situation, that sees several concurrent crises threatening the civilization survival itself.
The global risks are briefly analyzed, vs. the great opportunities offered by the kick-off of the expansion into outer space for civilization as a whole, and for the various stakeholders, such as: Human species, Human civilization, Nature and ecology, Earthly Sentient species, Earthly Vegetable species, Earthly life sustaining environment, Solar system environment.
The status of the expansion into outer space as a social process is analyzed as well, assessing the probabilities of success, considering the social, economical and political climate and the minimal conditions necessary to success, i.e. what should change to make it possible.
The applied methodology is a combined simplified version of risk assessment and opportunity analysis (SWOT = Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats).
Such analysis is meant to be more a methodological indication, addressing the main civilization risks, vulnerabilities and opportunities, according to our humanist philosophical tools and scheme of values.
SRI is suggesting that a more comprehensive project could be developed, after the congress, deepening the global civilization risks and the related mitigation strategy.

As new-humanists and astro-humanists, we look with interest at those historical ages, before the current one, which have seen the development of humanist philosophies. One of the most interesting periods, from this point of view, is certainly the Florentine Renaissance of 1500. Our age shows numerous common points with that period, that saw the discovery of the "new world", the beginning of the banking system and the international trade. Today we have the globalization of the economy, and a new world has been "discovered" (since 1969) and it is in our range: the Moon and the Geo-Lunar system. Philosophically, the Renaissance' season saw the development of the new-Platonism, the focusing on the man, and the aim to the universe and to the infinite. The new-Humanism and the Astro-Humanism retake, in some measure, the platonic values, reaffirm with strength the centralness of the humans, aiming to a transcendental fusion between man and nature, and expanding the borders of the human activities at least to the solar system, in perspective to the endless universe. The enlightened patronage of the Medici family assured the material bases for the development of the Renaissance culture. Nowadays we have, in the world, some interesting and fertile sprouts of patronage (Diamandis and Maryniak, founders of the X-Prize, Paul Allen, minority partner of Microsoft, Google and others). We can finally find another factor of similitudes: human civilization should finally exit the Middle Age of the flat self-targeted economism, giving a new impulse to the ethical and social growth of the humans. What is missing? The practical and technical approach of the modern patronage can seem essential at first sight, and exempted from "useless chatters". In reality our epoch is dreadfully lacking of the cultural and philosophical dimension, without which any development can only remain, in perspective, tied up to the momentary taste of the fashions and the various media opinions leader. We need, therefore, to found an institute for a new renaissance, or for the space renaissance. Such institute will finally setup the studies, the education, the cultural, philosophical and scientific search which we cannot anymore keep on missing. STATUS OF CIVILIZATION Economy and Society We assist to the continuous growth of symptoms, more and more evident, of the crisis of the closed world ideologies. After the failure of the collectivist utopia, with the collapse of the eastern bureaucracies, we entered by now, if not the definitive failure, the likely worst crisis of the liberalist utopia. The development of China and India suddenly has to face the narrowness of the planet's material and energetic resources. The fanciful strategies of the speculative finance (sub-prime loans crisis), and the warmongering policy of the planetary powers, are making the globalized economy fall into a crisis compared, for intensity, to the 1929 great depression. Fuel prices keep on rising, leaving alone the one of the metallurgic raw materials and copper, feeding the inflation. The resource crisis is nowadays showing itself at the level of alimentary resources, whose price is constantly increasing. Wheat and rice, the traditional food stuff of the poorest populations, are scarce, and in Africa famine and hunger raise again their head with renewed violence.

What mainly stimulated this reflection to me it was the paper presented by Prof. Vincenzo Zappalà at Belgirate, about asteroids and Near Earth Asteroids. Such paper changed my vision of the Solar System, and I take the freedom to think that it could change the mind of many people too! What we learned at school, about the Solar System is completely false. The reality is quite different.

This book represents the author's reflection about the state of civilization, some possible futures and the deep moral implications of the great choices that civilization has to make. "Humanity is facing three main challenges. To save the planet, as pursued by the 17 goals of the UN 2030 agenda: to use space for the sake of Earth environment. The second challenge is space exploration, that will maybe take us to Mars with a first expedition. The third challenge is to save the civilization. This third challenge is disattended and neglected, since eight billion terrestrials cannot save their civilization if they will not begin immediately to expand into space. Expansion of civilization into space is different from just exploring space. Exploration can be done by trained astronauts, able to bear acceleration of 4-5G, and to face hard and dangerous re-enter in the atmosphere, during short missions. What we need, if we want civilian passengers to travel into space, is a full change of paradigm in the mission requirements. To travel, work and live in space we have to safeguard our life and health: protection from cosmic radiation, artificial gravity, low accelleration, safe reenter, etc. A full change of paradigm. I would like to see not only the space tourism branch to face this problem. I'd like to see many other industrial, commercial and governmental branches to be aware of this challenge, to save our civilization from a possible implosion caused by the many problems that we have on on this small planet now." (From a brief speech given by A. Autino at UNISPACE+50, at UN in Vienna, the June 19th 2018). The author Adriano Vittorio Autino, born in Moncrivello (VC, Italia), is cofounder and President of the Space Renaissance Initiative, since 2010 Space Renaissance International (SRI) https://spacerenaissance.space/, an inter-cultural non-profit association, whose mission is the opening of the space frontier: low-cost access to space, space tourism, industrialization of the geo-lunar space, use of near Earth asteroids, and the full development of space economy. Adriano is a graduate in Industrial Electronics, acting since 1971 as a software and system engineer, then project manager and entrepreneur in the field of real-time automation systems. His insatiable curiosity and the desire to engage in frontier fields have led him to work in the aerospace environment, and to devise and develop an integrated software system, supporting the systems engineering and the project lifecycle management processes. Adriano authored and co-authored several books, papers and articles on the theme of civilization expansion into the outer space. A complete list of publications can be seen here: https://spacerenaissance.space/media/AVA_BIO.pdf, and here: https://spacerenaissance.space/documents/papers-fragments/. Also see some video-recorded lectures on Astronautical Humanism here: https://academy.spacerenaissance.space/webinars-on-astronautic-humanism/ And, here, some video-recorded conversations about the future of civilization in 200 years: https://academy.spacerenaissance.space/space-renaissance-talks-about-future-of-civilization-in-200-years/

This book is available on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/greater-world-possible-expansion-civilization/dp/1727889924