The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of Knowledge Index consist of R&D, human resources and diffusion of ICT on economic growth in developing countries. To do so we have used a sample of 16 developing countries for which... more
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of Knowledge Index consist of R&D, human resources and diffusion of ICT on economic growth in developing countries. To do so we have used a sample of 16 developing countries for which the necessary data were available for the period 2000-2008. In this paper knowledge economy index (R&D, human resources and diffusion of ICT), Investment (Gross fixed capital formation), general government consumption and labor force considered as explanatory variables and GDP as a dependent variable. Our findings based on panel data econometrics method indicate that the impact of knowledge index on economic growth in the countries under consideration is positive and significance. Therefore, the expansion of knowledge in these countries is suggested.
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Scientific output is one of the important determinants of economic development in countries around the world. The extremely high scientific productivity of developing countries can be corrected by increased funding as investment on... more
Scientific output is one of the important determinants of economic development in countries around the world. The extremely high scientific productivity of developing countries can be corrected by increased funding as investment on publications and also as a measure of scientific output. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the casual relationship between scientific output and GDP in 176 countries from both developing as well as developed countries. Our findings based on estimated regression models using a panel data for the periods 1996-2007 indicate that except in poor countries, there is a two-way and positive relationship between scientific output and GDP.
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In recent decades, theorists proposed the role of domestic components such as interior active groups, policies and macroeconomic indicators on determination of protection policies. In the context of recent studies, this study has... more
In recent decades, theorists proposed the role of domestic components such as interior active groups, policies and macroeconomic indicators on determination of protection policies. In the context of recent studies, this study has investigated the effect of business cycle fluctuations on import protection for selected developing countries in 1995-2011 by using dynamic panel data method. Furthermore, for sensitivity analysis, we have estimated the effect of business cycle fluctuations on protection cycle fluctuations. The results indicate that the effect of business cycle fluctuations on import protection is negative and significant. This effect has been confirmed for protection cycle fluctuations too. Based on the results, the cyclical feature of import protection is confirmed for the selected countries. On the one side, we suggest that the Governments advocate of the protection should pay more attention to the role of the endogenous factors of import protection especially the busine...
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In this paper we investigated the long memory of Stock Price Index (TSIP) and fitted a fractionally differenced ARMA Model using 970 daily data during 26 March 2003 to 8 July 2007 from th th Tehran stock Exchange. Furthermore, we compared... more
In this paper we investigated the long memory of Stock Price Index (TSIP) and fitted a fractionally differenced ARMA Model using 970 daily data during 26 March 2003 to 8 July 2007 from th th Tehran stock Exchange. Furthermore, we compared the forecasting outcome of ARFIMA and ARIMA models. The results show that the series is long memory and therefore it can become stationary with fractional differencing. After processing fractional differencing and determining the number of lags of the autoregressive and moving average components, the models were specified as ARFIMA(2,0.4767,18) and ARIMA(4,1,15). We estimated the parameters of the model using 900 in-sample data and used this estimates to forecast 70 out-of-sample data. Having Compared the forecasting results of the two models we concluded that the ARFIMA is a much better model in this regard.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the macroeconomic impacts of fiscal policy in Iran using a new-Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. The model takes into account distortionary taxations on wage,... more
The purpose of this article is to analyze the macroeconomic impacts of fiscal policy in Iran using a new-Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. The model takes into account distortionary taxations on wage, dividend, and consumption, while government expenditures are broken down into consumption of goods and services, and investment. The model is calibrated for Iran based on the estimated parameters by Bayesian method. To do so, a data set from 1981 to 2016 is used. The impulse response functions illustrate that an increase in consumption tax rate has a larger impact on the contraction of the economy than wage tax rate whereas the expansionary effects of government investment is much larger than government consumption expenditures.
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Since1980s economic freedom policies have been popular in most countries, especially in developing countries. There are many studies regarding relationship between economic freedom and other socio-economic variables, but few dealt... more
Since1980s economic freedom policies have been popular in most countries, especially in developing countries. There are many studies regarding relationship between economic freedom and other socio-economic variables, but few dealt directly with the impact of economic freedom on inflation. This study analyses the effect of economic freedom on inflation in MENA region during 1996- 2006 using panel data regression analysis on the basis of the so- called Gordon theory. Our findings indicate that although the impact of economic freedom on inflationis not considerable butit is statistically significance.
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The purpose of this paper is to test the efficiency wage hypothesis for Iran's manufacturing industries at the 4-digit aggregation level of ISIC classification, during 2001-2006. According to the efficiency wage hypothesis, it is... more
The purpose of this paper is to test the efficiency wage hypothesis for Iran's manufacturing industries at the 4-digit aggregation level of ISIC classification, during 2001-2006. According to the efficiency wage hypothesis, it is logical for some firms to pay wages that are above the market wage. In some cases the mere fact that workers are paid more can make them more productive. In other words, efficiency wages would increase productivity and there is positive relationship between wages and productivity. In this paper, panel data technique has employed to examine the mentioned hypothesis. However, the obtained results contradict the efficiency wage hypothesis for Iran's manufacturing industries. In other words, according to this result, higher wages lead to less efficient performance by the workers of Iran's manufacturing industries.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend the literature on the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty by examining three Caribbean countries: the Bahamas, Barbados, and Jamaica.Design/methodology/approachARMA‐GARCH... more
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend the literature on the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty by examining three Caribbean countries: the Bahamas, Barbados, and Jamaica.Design/methodology/approachARMA‐GARCH models are used to estimate inflation uncertainty along with Granger‐causality tests to infer the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty.FindingsThe results reveal that both the Bahamas and Jamaica exhibit a high degree of volatility persistence in response to inflationary shocks, while Barbados has a much lower persistence measure. Granger‐causality tests indicate that an increase in inflation has been a positive impact on inflation uncertainty for each country. However, an increase in inflation uncertainty yields a decrease in inflation in the case of Jamaica. In summary, the results for the Bahamas and Barbados support the Friedman‐Ball hypothesis, whereas the results for Jamaica support Holland's stabilization‐motive hypoth...
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In recent decades, theorists proposed the role of domestic components such as interior active groups, policies and macroeconomic indicators on determination of protection policies. In the context of recent studies, this study has... more
In recent decades, theorists proposed the role of domestic components such as interior active groups, policies and macroeconomic indicators on determination of protection policies. In the context of recent studies, this study has investigated the effect of business cycle fluctuations on import protection for selected developing countries in 1995-2011 by using dynamic panel data method. Furthermore, for sensitivity analysis, we have estimated the effect of business cycle fluctuations on protection cycle fluctuations. The results indicate that the effect of business cycle fluctuations on import protection is negative and significant. This effect has been confirmed for protection cycle fluctuations too. Based on the results, the cyclical feature of import protection is confirmed for the selected countries. On the one side, we suggest that the Governments advocate of the protection should pay more attention to the role of the endogenous factors of import protection especially the busine...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The purpose of this paper is to survey the relationship between economics and ethics in the history of economic thought. So the descriptive methodology of research is applied to find study and analyze the references which have been... more
The purpose of this paper is to survey the relationship between economics and ethics in the history of economic thought. So the descriptive methodology of research is applied to find study and analyze the references which have been written about the matter. The conclusion shows that economics not only hasn't been detached from ethics, but also has been the subdirectory of ethics in the beginning. In the other word economics grew out of moral philosophy and eventually became one of the moral sciences but these two sciences detached from each other as times go on, and this detachment is not part of the tradition of economics.
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The aim of this research is to estimate the size of tax evasion between 1971 and 2007 in Iran. Among the present direct and indirect approaches, the indirect approach presented by Tanzi based on currency demand, is used to estimate the... more
The aim of this research is to estimate the size of tax evasion between 1971 and 2007 in Iran. Among the present direct and indirect approaches, the indirect approach presented by Tanzi based on currency demand, is used to estimate the size of the underground economy, then taking the effective tax rate into consideration, the amount of the underground economy taxes. Our results show that the size of the underground economy is increasing in a long-term trend and also the ratio of the underground economy to gross domestic product has increased during the period under consideration. Our findings also indicate that tax evasion has markedly increased during the period. Therefore, policies to alleviate the tax evasion in the country should be implemented by policy makers.
S ince some raw materials, semi manufactured, intermediate and capital goods in agricultural sector are imported, the exchange rate fluctuations can affect the cost price of products in this sector. Recently, we are facing considerable... more
S ince some raw materials, semi manufactured, intermediate and capital goods in agricultural sector are imported, the exchange rate fluctuations can affect the cost price of products in this sector. Recently, we are facing considerable fluctuations in exchange rate that has an important impact on all sectors including the agriculture. As a result of an increase in import prices in agricultural raw materials, the exchange rate fluctuates. In other words, this relationship is strengthened by lower domestic supply due to the stimulation of the exports of agricultural products induced by an increase in exchange rate. The present study deals with the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on agricultural price index in Iran using MGARCH method. The results show that the past shocks of exchange rate have a positive impact on agriculture price index at the 1% significance level. Moreover, despite the fact that the current fluctuations of agriculture price index do not relate to its past fluc...
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In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) for forecasting government size in Iran is applied. The purpose of the study is comparison various architectures, transfer functions and learning algorithms on the operation of network, for... more
In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) for forecasting government size in Iran is applied. The purpose of the study is comparison various architectures, transfer functions and learning algorithms on the operation of network, for this purpose the annual data from 1971-2007 of selected variable are used. Variables are tax income, oil revenue, population, openness, government expenditure, GDP and GDP per capita; these variables are selected based on economic theories. Result shows that networks with various training algorithms and transfer functions have different results. Best architecture is a network with two hidden layer and twelve (12) neuron in hidden layers with hyperbolic tangent transfer function both in hidden and output layers with Quasi-Newton training algorithm. Base on findings in this study suggested in using neural network must be careful in selecting the architecture, transfer function and training algorithms.
Scientific output is one of the most important determinants of economic development in every country. The process of economic growth and social development is entirely related to the count of scientific output in different countries. The... more
Scientific output is one of the most important determinants of economic development in every country. The process of economic growth and social development is entirely related to the count of scientific output in different countries. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the scientific output in Iran and compare it to selected Middle Eastern countries. Our findings indicate that not only scientific output in Iran increased during 1996-2009 but this country presented the fastest-growing rate in the world in the last 5 years of this period. The best performance of Iran has been in the field of engineering and ranked first in Middle East. Also, in other fields this country performance has been by far better than the average of the region. The interesting point regarding the Iranian performance is that at the beginning of this period the scientific output of Iran has been much less than countries such as Egypt and even Saudi Arabia in the region. Iran ranked 22 nd in 20 in the ...
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Abstract: The recent years' studies on general equilibrium models show that equilibrium models in real exchange rate determination, considering transactions costs, imply a nonlinear adjustment process toward Purchasing Power Parity... more
Abstract: The recent years' studies on general equilibrium models show that equilibrium models in real exchange rate determination, considering transactions costs, imply a nonlinear adjustment process toward Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). The normal cointegration tests, in which the effects of transactions costs are ignored, often result in failure of PPP theory in the long run. In this research, considering transactions costs and nonlinear PPP adjustment, it is tried to review the adjustment trend of PPP deviations. At first, using two series of monthly and annual data for the period of 1975-2007, the linear adjustment process hypothesis of PPP deviations is tested against Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR) adjustment process and accordingly linear adjustment theory is rejected significantly. Then, STAR models are estimated using Newton-Raphson algorithm, and maximization of the conditional maximum likelihood function. Systematic pattern of nonlinear estimation provides s...
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Abs tract: This paper examines the effects of inflation uncertainties on real GDP growth in Iran. W e argue that inflation uncertainty has negativ e impacts on real GDP growth. In this paper, we us e GA RCH and GA RCH-M models for... more
Abs tract: This paper examines the effects of inflation uncertainties on real GDP growth in Iran. W e argue that inflation uncertainty has negativ e impacts on real GDP growth. In this paper, we us e GA RCH and GA RCH-M models for formulating inflation uncertainty and its effect on real GDP growth and inflation. The empirical evidence, based on time series models , points out that uncertainty aris ing has negative impacts on real GDP growth. However, the effect of uncertainty due to heteros kedas ticity in dis turbances (conditional variance) on real GDP growth is significant. M oreover, there is a pos itive inflation and inflation uncertainty.
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Abs tract: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of oil price shock on output, infla ti on in six important OPEC countries using yearly data from 1970 to 2005. The structural vector autoregressi ve method (SVA R) was... more
Abs tract: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of oil price shock on output, infla ti on in six important OPEC countries using yearly data from 1970 to 2005. The structural vector autoregressi ve method (SVA R) was employed to analyze the d ata. A p prox imately, the findings were conformable to previous empirical findings in other countries (oi l exporter countries); oil price shock affect output and inflation in all s ix countries . Accordi ng our findings, Oil price shocks carry up prices level in Indonesi a, Kuwait and Saudi Arabi a but diminis h it in Iran, Nigeria and Vene zu e la . Indonesi a and Saudi Arabi a are more vulnerable than others to oil price shocks but for others supply si de fluctuations are most important factor to fluctuations of economy. Demand si de shocks affect only inflation in the long run and have most effect on inflation.
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The purpose of this study is finding the sensitivity of central bank independence measurements on its impact on inflation in Iran. To this aim different measurements of the central bank independence were calculated using the indices of... more
The purpose of this study is finding the sensitivity of central bank independence measurements on its impact on inflation in Iran. To this aim different measurements of the central bank independence were calculated using the indices of Grilli et al. (1991), Cukierman et al. (1992), Mathew (2006) and Dumiter (2009) for the period 1961-2012 . Although results of correlation between CBI index and inflation shows that there is a negative correlation between all CBI index and inflation, but the estimated results using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) show except for the index of Grilli et al. (1991) other indices have similar short run and long run significant negative effect on the inflation in Iran. So the CBI have the sensitivity to definition. Also, results of estimation shows that there isn’t any significant differences between the impact of Cukierman et al. (1992), Mathew (2006) and Dumiter (2009) index on the inflation. So this indices can be used interchangeably.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
There have been significant advances in the field of information and communication technology (ICT) in recent decades. ICT plays a major role in innovation, raising productivity and increasing economic growth and therefore affects all... more
There have been significant advances in the field of information and communication technology (ICT) in recent decades. ICT plays a major role in innovation, raising productivity and increasing economic growth and therefore affects all economic sectors. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of ICT on economic growth in developed countries. To do so, we have used a sample of 30 developed countries for which the necessary data were available for the period 20012006. We concentrated on the usage aspect of ICT to deal with its impact on economic growth. We have also used a new composite index of ICT called Digital Opportunity Index (DOI) covering 3 dimensions including overall opportunity, infrastructure and applications. Our findings based on a panel data regression models indicate that in general significance and positive relationship between ICT and economic growth exists in the countries under consideration. Therefore the expansion of ICT programs in these countries is ...
The 'curse' that accompanies the prevalence of natural resources is well-documented and broadly-accepted. Natural resource wealth has fostered various political pathologies and in turn promoted poor development performance. But... more
The 'curse' that accompanies the prevalence of natural resources is well-documented and broadly-accepted. Natural resource wealth has fostered various political pathologies and in turn promoted poor development performance. But this is not certain. While most resource abundant countries have performed poorly in developmental terms, a few have done quite well. Natural resources induce prosperity in some countries but stagnation in others. Whatever the level of government, good management is a precondition for good performance. Natural resources are "governance-intensive" assets. In low-income countries, natural resources make up a very significant share of the total wealth, one that is substantially larger than the share of produced capital. Management of these natural resources can support and sustain the welfare of poor countries, and poor people in poor countries, as they move up the development ladder. Therefore, this study will examine the impact of dependence ...
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Research Interests:
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The aim of this paper is evaliuation effect of monetary and non monetary shocks in Iran economy through New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Modelling in Open Economy condition. For this purpose, parameters of the model... more
The aim of this paper is evaliuation effect of monetary and non monetary shocks in Iran economy through New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Modelling in Open Economy condition. For this purpose, parameters of the model are calibrated (1352-1390). In this Model, respect to Iran economy traits, Oil income has been including in separate sector. Also, for more coincidence of model with real word and respect to importance and role of stickiness in affect of output from nominal variable, price stickiness has been including in model and response of economic variable investigated when monetary, oil income and technology shocks was occurred. The results from investigate of impulse response functions shows that in Iran, preliminary effect of monetary, government expenditure and oil income shocks on non oil output and inflation is positive but the effect of technology shock on inflation is negative and on output is positive. Monetary and fiscal discipline, reduction connection...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Ab s tract: In this paper, we cons truct a time s eries of monthly inflation uncertainty in Iran from 1990 to 2008 us ing EGA RCH model and inves tigate t h e lin k b e tween inflation and inflation uncertainty us ing Granger c aus ality... more
Ab s tract: In this paper, we cons truct a time s eries of monthly inflation uncertainty in Iran from 1990 to 2008 us ing EGA RCH model and inves tigate t h e lin k b e tween inflation and inflation uncertainty us ing Granger c aus ality tes t. The res ults indicate that inflation leads to higher inflation uncertainty in Iran but reverse relationshi p does not si gnificant.
womens employment and lead them to the labor market can make the society use this potential power in a better manner. For this reason, the factors which can be a stage for more participation rate of this population in social and economic... more
womens employment and lead them to the labor market can make the society use this potential power in a better manner. For this reason, the factors which can be a stage for more participation rate of this population in social and economic fields of the country are in priority. The aim of this article is investigating rate of womens participation rate in labor market on corruption in selected Islamic countries. To do this, effect of womens participation rate in labor market was investigated along with other explanatory factors on corruption, using methods of panel data and statistical information of years 2003-2010 for 27 selected Islamic countries. Based on the research findings in selected Islamic countries, with the increase of rate of womens participation rate in labor market, corruption in selected countries has been reduced in time period studies.
Since some raw materials, semi manufactured, intermediate and capital goods in agricultural sector are imported, the exchange rate fluctuations can affect the cost price of products in this sector. Recently, we are facing considerable... more
Since some raw materials, semi manufactured, intermediate and capital goods in agricultural sector are imported, the exchange rate fluctuations can affect the cost price of products in this sector. Recently, we are facing considerable fluctuations in exchange rate that has an important impact on all sectors including the agriculture. As a result of an increase in import prices in agricultural raw materials, the exchange rate fluctuates. In other words, this relationship is strengthened by lower domestic supply due to the stimulation of the exports of agricultural products induced by an increase in exchange rate. The present study deals with the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on agricultural price index in Iran using MGARCH method. The results show that the past shocks of exchange rate have a positive impact on agriculture price index at the 1% significance level. Moreover, despite the fact that the current fluctuations of agriculture price index do not relate to its past fluct...
Research Interests:
There have been significant advances in the field of information and communication technology (ICT) in recent decades. ICT plays a major role in innovation, raising productivity and increasing economic growth and therefore affects all... more
There have been significant advances in the field of information and communication technology (ICT) in recent decades. ICT plays a major role in innovation, raising productivity and increasing economic growth and therefore affects all economic sectors. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of ICT on economic growth in developing countries. To do so, we have used a sample of 30 developing countries for which the necessary data were available for the period 2001- 2006. We concentrate on the usage aspect of ICT to deal with its impact on economic growth. We have also used a new composite index of ICT called Digital Opportunity Index (DOI) covering 3 dimensions including overall opportunity, infrastructure and application. Our findings based on panel data regression models indicate that in general a positive relationship between ICT and economic growth exists but it is significance at 15 percent level in the countries under consideration. Therefore, new developments in ICT...
Thispaper is to convincethe usage of the nonlinear unit root tests when dealingwitha nonlinear model.To do so,the stationary test forvariables in a model titles“Fiscal Reaction Function in Iran”has been applied according to both the... more
Thispaper is to convincethe usage of the nonlinear unit root tests when dealingwitha nonlinear model.To do so,the stationary test forvariables in a model titles“Fiscal Reaction Function in Iran”has been applied according to both the ordinary andthe Nonlinear Dickey-Fuller (NDF)tests.Results showthatwhilevariables under investigation are stationary in a nonlinear form, augmented Dickey-Fuller test indicatestendency to fail and reject the null hypothesis of a unit root in the presence of nonlinear dynamics.Therefore based onthe results of Nonlinear Dickey-Fuller (NDF),the paperestimates thefiscal reaction function (FRF) in Iran. The estimated nonlinear regression supportsa threshold behaviorof two regimes inapplyingthe fiscal reaction. Finally, findings confirmthat fiscal policyin Iran is countercyclicalthoughnot sensitivein orderto react to accumulation of the government debt.
Output and inflation are two important indicators used to measure economic performance. This study aims to investigate the effects of oil revenue shocks on output and inflation. To this end, we design an open dynamic stochastic general... more
Output and inflation are two important indicators used to measure economic performance. This study aims to investigate the effects of oil revenue shocks on output and inflation. To this end, we design an open dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model for the Iranian economy. We proceed to estimate impulse response functions of the Iranian economy to oil revenues shocks after linearization and calibration of model coefficients. Comparing estimated values of variables with the actual data of the economy indicate the relative success of the model in predicting changes in output and inflation. The results indicate that positive shocks of oil revenues increase output and inflation in the Iranian economy.
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Research Interests:
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT This paper aimed to investigate the evidence on the transmission of China’s monetary policy shocks to macroeconomic variables in Iran. Since 1990, China has become one of the main trading partners of Iran; therefore, it is... more
ABSTRACT This paper aimed to investigate the evidence on the transmission of China’s monetary policy shocks to macroeconomic variables in Iran. Since 1990, China has become one of the main trading partners of Iran; therefore, it is expected that China’s macroeconomic shocks have some consequences on Iran’s Economy. In this study, a structural vector autoregressive model is used to explore such a transmission. The findings of the study reveal that the China’s monetary policy changes significantly affect the Consumer Price Index (CPI) as Iran’s CPI meaningfully increases with the expansion of China’s money supply. Furthermore, it was found that Iran’s other economic variables, including the real GDP, real effective exchange rate, and interest rate, do not significantly reflect the China’s monetary shocks; even though confirm the expected sign and direction.
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In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) for forecasting government size in Iran is applied. The purpose of the study is comparison various architectures, transfer functions and learning algorithms on the operation of network, for... more
In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) for forecasting government size in Iran is applied. The purpose of the study is comparison various architectures, transfer functions and learning algorithms on the operation of network, for this purpose the annual data from 1971-2007 of selected variable are used. Variables are tax income, oil revenue, population, openness, government expenditure, GDP and GDP per capita; these variables are selected based on economic theories. Result shows that networks with various training algorithms and transfer functions have different results. Best architecture is a network with two hidden layer and twelve (12) neuron in hidden layers with hyperbolic tangent transfer function both in hidden and output layers with Quasi -Newton training algorithm. Base on findings in this study suggested in using neural network must be careful in selecting the architecture, transfer function and training algorithms.
GDP per capita often used in judgment about countries economic well-being, but any judgment based on it ignores some issues, therefore argues that a better index of economic well-being is IEWB (Index of Economic Well-being). Stevenson and... more
GDP per capita often used in judgment about countries economic well-being, but any judgment based on it ignores some issues, therefore argues that a better index of economic well-being is IEWB (Index of Economic Well-being). Stevenson and Wolfers (2008), and Osberg and Sharpe (2001), mentioned that there is a positive relationship between GDP per capita and IEWB .in this paper we study a causal relationship between them; to this purpose we use the data of selected high income countries during 1980-2007.Finding shows that GDP is granger causal of IEWB except Norway that there aren’t any causal relationship between GDP and IEWB.
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The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the impact of corruption on foreign direct investment revenues in OIC countries. To do so, we have concentrated on a sample of 16 countries for which the necessary data were available for... more
The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the impact of corruption on foreign direct investment revenues in OIC countries. To do so, we have concentrated on a sample of 16 countries for which the necessary data were available for the period 2002-2008. We have used panel regression analysis. Our empirical results support that openness and Gross domestic product (GDP) have positive impact and inflation and corruption have negative impact on FDI in OIC countries.
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The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the impact of Political stability on foreign direct investment (FDI) revenues in Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) countries. To do so, we have concentrated on a sample of 16... more
The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the impact of Political stability on foreign direct investment (FDI) revenues in Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) countries. To do so, we have concentrated on a sample of 16 countries for which the necessary data were available for the period 2002-2009. We have used a panel data regression analysis. Our empirical results indicate that Population, openness and gross domestic product (GDP) have positive impact on FDI, whereas Political Stability has a detrimental effect on FDI in OIC countries.
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The aim of this paper is evaliuation effect of monetary and non monetary shocks in Iran economy through New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Modelling in Open Economy condition. For this purpose, parameters of the model... more
The aim of this paper is evaliuation effect of monetary and non monetary shocks in Iran economy through New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Modelling in Open Economy condition. For this purpose, parameters of the model are calibrated (1352-1390). In this Model, respect to Iran economy traits, Oil income has been including in separate sector. Also, for more coincidence of model with real word and respect to importance and role of stickiness in affect of output from nominal variable, price stickiness has been including in model and response of economic variable investigated when monetary, oil income and technology shocks was occurred. The results from investigate of impulse response functions shows that in Iran, preliminary effect of monetary, government expenditure and oil income shocks on non oil output and inflation is positive but the effect of technology shock on inflation is negative and on output is positive. Monetary and fiscal discipline, reduction connection...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The purpose of this study is finding the sensitivity of central bank independence measurements on its impact on inflation in Iran. To this aim different measurements of the central bank independence were calculated using the indices of... more
The purpose of this study is finding the sensitivity of central bank independence measurements on its impact on inflation in Iran. To this aim different measurements of the central bank independence were calculated using the indices of Grilli et al. (1991), Cukierman et al. (1992), Mathew (2006) and Dumiter (2009) for the period 1961-2012. Although results of correlation between CBI index and inflation shows that there is a negative correlation between all CBI index and inflation, but the estimated results using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) show except for the index of Grilli et al. (1991) other indices have similar short run and long run significant negative effect on the inflation in Iran. So the CBI have the sensitivity to definition. Also, results of estimation shows that there isn't any significant differences between the impact of Cukierman et al. (1992), Mathew (2006) and Dumiter (2009) index on the inflation. So this indices can be used interchangeably.
Research Interests:
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of Knowledge Index consist of R&D, human resources and diffusion of ICT on economic growth in developing countries. To do so we have used a sample of 16 developing countries for which... more
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of Knowledge Index consist of R&D, human resources and diffusion of ICT on economic growth in developing countries. To do so we have used a sample of 16 developing countries for which the necessary data were available for the period 2000- 2008. In this paper knowledge economy index (R&D, human resources and diffusion of ICT), Investment (Gross fixed capital formation), general government consumption and labor force considered as explanatory variables and GDP as a dependent variable. Our findings based on panel data econometrics method indicate that the impact of knowledge index on economic growth in the countries under consideration is positive and significance. Therefore, the expansion of knowledge in these countries is suggested.
Research Interests:
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of minimum wage on the youth employment using panel technique in Iran’s manufacturing industries at the 4-digit aggregation level of ISIC classification, during 2001-2006. There is the... more
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of minimum wage on the youth employment using panel technique in Iran’s manufacturing industries at the 4-digit aggregation level of ISIC classification, during 2001-2006. There is the controversy surrounding minimum wage because the effects of the introduction and increase of minimum wage may differ greatly depending on the labor market structure. In order to capture the effects which various un-observed labor supply and demand factors may have on the youth employment, The Kaitz Index (as the ratio of the minimum wage to the average wage) has been used in our analysis. The obtained results provide the small but positive effect of minimum wage on youth employment.
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Scientific output is one of the important determinants of economic development in countries around the world. The extremely high scientific productivity of developing countries can be corrected by increased funding as investment on... more
Scientific output is one of the important determinants of economic development in countries around the world. The extremely high scientific productivity of developing countries can be corrected by increased funding as investment on publications and also as a measure of scientific output. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the casual relationship between scientific output and GDP in 176 countries from both developing as well as developed countries. Our findings based on estimated regression models using a panel data for the periods 1996-2007 indicate that except in poor countries, there is a two-way and positive relationship between scientific output and GDP.
Research Interests:
Scientific output is one of the most important determinants of economic development in every country. The process of economic growth and social development is entirely related to the count of scientific output in different countries. The... more
Scientific output is one of the most important determinants of economic development in every country. The process of economic growth and social development is entirely related to the count of scientific output in different countries. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the scientific output in Iran and compare it to selected Middle Eastern countries. Our findings indicate that not only scientific output in Iran increased during 1996-2009 but this country presented the fastest-growing rate in the world in the last 5 years of this period. The best performance of Iran has been in the field of engineering and ranked first in Middle East. Also, in other fields this country performance has been by far better than the average of the region. The interesting point regarding the Iranian performance is that at the beginning of this period the scientific output of Iran has been much less than countries such as Egypt and even Saudi Arabia in the region. Iran ranked 22nd in 20 in the W...