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Research Interests: Organic Chemistry, Treatment, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Glucose, Blood Glucose, and 16 moreAnimals, Drug Design, Anti-inflammatory agents, Triglycerides, In Vivo, Rats, Rat, Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, Body Weight, Bioorganic and medicinal Chemistry, Streptozotocin, Diabetic Rat, Chemical Synthesis, #Hypolipidemic Agents, Triterpenes, and Terpenoid
The article reveals the antihyperglycaemic activity of the alpha-amyrin acetate (alpha-AA) isolated from the aerial roots of the Ficus bengalensis in normal and diabetic rats and model of type-2 diabetes, i.e. db/db mice. The oral... more
The article reveals the antihyperglycaemic activity of the alpha-amyrin acetate (alpha-AA) isolated from the aerial roots of the Ficus bengalensis in normal and diabetic rats and model of type-2 diabetes, i.e. db/db mice. The oral administration of alpha-AA significantly improved the diabetic condition in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and in diabetic db/db mice at 50 mg kg(-1) dose level.
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Research Interests: Botany, Plant Biology, Apoptosis, Transcription, Sequence alignment, and 18 moreAbscission, Cell Death, Experimental Botany, Flowers, Programmed cell death, Gene, Apoptose, Gen, Experimental, Rosa, Infiltration, Protein Degradation, Cysteine endopeptidases, Amino Acid Profile, Amino Acid Sequence, PLANT PROTEINS, Petal, and Molecular Sequence Data
IntroductionDelhi government operationalised 5.8 km, phase-1 length of (14.8 km long) bus rapid transit system corridor in April 2008. First 6 months of operations witnessed six fatal accidents as against an annual average of nine during... more
IntroductionDelhi government operationalised 5.8 km, phase-1 length of (14.8 km long) bus rapid transit system corridor in April 2008. First 6 months of operations witnessed six fatal accidents as against an annual average of nine during the preconstruction period; prompting this study to find reasons and measure efficacy of interventions.MethodThe corridor operator, Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System, introduced monitoring processes,
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Dento-alveolar abscesses which track through the cervical fascial plane producting swellings over the face and neck are frequently misdiagnosed. These lesions are often incised leading to the formation of a chronic facial simus with... more
Dento-alveolar abscesses which track through the cervical fascial plane producting swellings over the face and neck are frequently misdiagnosed. These lesions are often incised leading to the formation of a chronic facial simus with ultimate scarcling. This paper reports four children with facial sinus of dental origin and reviews the diagnostic and therapeutic problems of these lesions asscen in paediatric patients. In two of the four cases, the diagnosis was missed initially and the lesions were treated as chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible. The importance of an early diagnosis of the lesion and of recognising the ‘tilent cases’ in order to avoid repeated and unwanted surgery is highlighted.
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Abstract: The relative natural resistance/susceptibility of 45 Populus deltoides clones (source mainly from USA and India) was evaluated against its potential insect defoliator, Clostera cupreata, in northern India. The evaluation was... more
Abstract: The relative natural resistance/susceptibility of 45 Populus deltoides clones (source mainly from USA and India) was evaluated against its potential insect defoliator, Clostera cupreata, in northern India. The evaluation was carried out on the basis of the differences in the mean pupal fresh weight of both sexes of this pest which varied significantly (P < 0.05) and correlated negatively (r = −0.5031; P = 0.000) with their percentage surface leaf area eaten and positively (r = 0.3664; P = 0.013) with the length of larval period, measured on these clones. The clones were thus ranked in decreasing order of resistance as estimated by pupal weight. Seven American clones (D-171 > 82-42-5 > 3167 > 3324 > S7C13 > D-273 > S7C4) lying among the first 12 clones at the ‘resistant end’ were identified as promising clones based on their superior growth performance and survival in the field plantations, and can be recommended for plantation in defoliator-prone areas. Owing to its resistance against C. cupreata, large-scale planting of American clone S7C4 by farmers and companies, and its inclusion in improvement programmes, may be a correct decision.
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Abstract The activities of rhizospheric organisms have been well recognized in non-leguminous plants such as tropical grasses, rice and maize. Such activities include nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization and mineralization that are... more
Abstract The activities of rhizospheric organisms have been well recognized in non-leguminous plants such as tropical grasses, rice and maize. Such activities include nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization and mineralization that are beneficial for the overall growth and ...
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A resin synthesized from tamarind kernel powder possesses high selectivity for metal ions. Distribution coefficients for some metal ions has been determined by the batch method. The influence of pH on ion exchange capacity and K d value... more
A resin synthesized from tamarind kernel powder possesses high selectivity for metal ions. Distribution coefficients for some metal ions has been determined by the batch method. The influence of pH on ion exchange capacity and K d value of metal ions were studied. The resin has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, chemical composition and ion exchange capacity (IEC). The selectivity order is Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Fe2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. Removal of metal ions from the aqueous solution and from effluents of a steel mill has been studied.
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Research Interests: India, Rural Health, Prospective studies, Humans, Female, and 17 moreMale, Drinking Water, Infant, Central Nervous System, American, Newborn Infant, Occupational, Adult, Maternal Age, Congenital malformation, Rural Area, Epidemiologic Studies, Congenital abnormalities, Prospective Study, Birth Defect, New York State, and Socioeconomic Factors
ABSTRACT Controversy still exists whether ciliary body contains stem cells (CBSCs) or epithelial cells (CBECs). CBSCs were reported for differentiation capacity and CBECs for high reprogramming efficiency to produce induced Pluripotent... more
ABSTRACT Controversy still exists whether ciliary body contains stem cells (CBSCs) or epithelial cells (CBECs). CBSCs were reported for differentiation capacity and CBECs for high reprogramming efficiency to produce induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells. However, ciliary body derived cells (CBCs) application as a cell therapy needs a guaranteed isolation and culture protocol from ciliary body tissue strip. Four protocols were compared; one (I) belonged to a published article (Gu et al., 2007) and the rest three, protocols II, III and IV, were developed. Protocol II, III and IV used trypsin-EDTA and mechanical scraping to isolate single CBCs, basement membrane (BM) fragments and other debris. Protocols used 40 and/or 100 μm cell strainers at different steps to remove different scraped tissue fragments and isolated single CBCs. Protocol III and IV contained CBCs attached on BM. Success/failure numbers in out of 5 repeated experiments per protocol (n=5) were 2/3 (I), 3/2 (II), 4/1 (III) and 5/0 (IV). Cultures were very clean (I), partially clean (II and III) and dirty (IV). Protocol III and IV based cultures showed clumps of cell spheres. This study results confirmed that BM promotes cell proliferation and primary cell spheres formation. CBCs are in controversy for recognition as epithelial or stem cells but their successful isolation and culture, and iPS cells reprogramming protocols can open a new era for reinforcing their applicability.
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In MDCK cells, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) induces epithelial cell dissociation, scattering, migration, growth and formation of branched tubular structures. By contrast, these cells neither scatter nor form tubular... more
In MDCK cells, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) induces epithelial cell dissociation, scattering, migration, growth and formation of branched tubular structures. By contrast, these cells neither scatter nor form tubular structures in response to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of growth factors. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the EGF family of growth factors and is synthesized as a membrane-associated precursor molecule (proHB-EGF). ProHB-EGF is proteolytically cleaved to release a soluble ligand (sHB-EGF) that activates the EGF receptor. Although recent studies suggest possible physiological functions, the role of proHB-EGF remains largely undefined. Using MDCK cells stably expressing proHB-EGF, a noncleavable deletion mutant of proHB-EGF or soluble HB-EGF, we show that epithelial cell functions differ depending on the form of HB-EGF being expressed. Expression of noncleavable membrane-anchored HB-EGF promoted cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions and decreased cell migration, HGF/SF-induced cell scattering and formation of tubular structures. By contrast, expression of soluble HB-EGF induced increased cell migration, decreased cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions and promoted the development of long unbranched tubular structures in response to HGF/SF. These findings suggest that HB-EGF can not only modulate HGF/SF-induced cellular responses in MDCK cells but also that membrane-bound HB-EGF and soluble HB-EGF give rise to distinctly different effects on cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
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We conducted a study to ascertain the acceptability and feasibility of consultation by mobile phone in a rural area of northern India. The mobile phone number of a community physician was advertised to the general public and people were... more
We conducted a study to ascertain the acceptability and feasibility of consultation by mobile phone in a rural area of northern India. The mobile phone number of a community physician was advertised to the general public and people were invited to telephone at any time for a medical consultation. Details of the calls received were recorded. During a seven-month study, 660 calls were received. The mean call duration was 2.7 min. Eighty percent of calls were made by men. Forty-eight percent of calls were made during office hours. A total of 417 (63%) calls were for seeking advice, 146 (22%) were for outpatient follow-up, 23 (4%) were for seeking appointments and the remaining 74 (11%) for other reasons. The most common problems were skin, respiratory, mental health and sexual problems. Of the 387 callers who were interviewed at follow-up, 302 (78%) stated that they had followed the advice provided. Of these, 91% found the advice very helpful in managing their health problems. About 96% of users wished to continue to use the service in future. The majority of calls made were of a primary care nature which could easily be dealt with by phone. The concept of using mobile phones for medical consultation seemed to be acceptable to people in rural Haryana.
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Birth defects and developmental disabilities remain an important public health issue worldwide. With the availability of genomic sequences from a growing number of human and model organisms and the rapid expansion of the public... more
Birth defects and developmental disabilities remain an important public health issue worldwide. With the availability of genomic sequences from a growing number of human and model organisms and the rapid expansion of the public repositories holding large-scale gene expression datasets, a computational systems analysis of developmental toxicology can incorporate this vast digital information toward the realization of predictive models for complex disease. Here we describe the initial design, development and implementation of a Birth Defects Systems Manager (BDSM). The project was motivated by the need for a computational-bioinformatics infrastructure to manage vast digital information from functional genomics and for a new knowledge environment specifically engineered for the analysis of developmental processes and toxicities. Proof-of-concept tested BDSM using meta-analysis of gene expression data collected from different laboratories, technology platforms, and study models. The composite dataset incorporated 232 microarray comparisons of RNA samples by single or dual microarray platforms, cDNA or oligonucleotide based probes, and human or mouse sequence information. Preliminary results identified system-level features in the embryonic transcriptome as it reacted to various developmental-teratological stimuli. BDSM is open access through the worldwide web (http://systemsanalysis.louisville.edu/) and can be integrated with other bioinformatics tools and resources to advance the pace of discovery in birth defects research.
Research Interests: Information Systems, Bioinformatics, Open Access, Genomics, Computational Biology, and 32 moreSystems Biology, System Management, Public Health, Gene expression, Functional Genomics, Computational Systems Biology, Network, Embryo, Database Management Systems, Genetics of complex disease, Humans, Toxicity, Reproductive toxicology, Microarray, System Analysis, Animals, Developmental disabilities, Meta Analysis, Prediction Model, Computational, Information Storage and Retrieval, Public health systems and services research, Rat, Genome sequence, Large Scale, Embryos, Database, Birth Defect, Developmental toxicity, Gene expression profiling, Gene Expression Data, and Proof of Concept
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Revolution in information and communication technology (ICT) has made a remarkable impact on the society. Countries across the world are using ICT to facilitate information dissemination and communication in all areas of education,... more
Revolution in information and communication technology (ICT) has made a remarkable impact on the society. Countries across the world are using ICT to facilitate information dissemination and communication in all areas of education, training, and administration. In Indian education institutions, over the years there has been a rapid increase in the gross enrollment ratio (GER). The existing manpower in universities
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Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a pluripotent cell type that may be considered for treatments in cell replacement therapies, such as for cardiovascular disease. The general premise is that ESCs may be differentiated in vitro into... more
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a pluripotent cell type that may be considered for treatments in cell replacement therapies, such as for cardiovascular disease. The general premise is that ESCs may be differentiated in vitro into embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ESCMs). These ESCMs may then be directly injected into the damaged myocardium, which would facilitate the regeneration of the tissue. Indeed, multiple animal studies have shown this methodology to be promising. However, before these cells can be taken to clinical trials, several obstacles need to be overcome, including heterogeneity, which is a potential problem during ESC maintenance and differentiation. This review focuses on signaling pathways, such a Wnt/beta-catenin and bone morphogenic protein, (BMP), which influence cardiomyocyte specification from ESCs. By modifying signaling pathways in a temporal manner, we may be able to promote ESCM differentiation and reduce heterogeneity. Furthermore, we have recently found that by modifying the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-Grb2-Ras-Mek-Erk pathway, we can effectively reduce the heterogeneity found during normal ESC maintenance. Such approaches will be beneficial in promoting the possibility of using ESCMs in transplantation therapies.
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Pluripotent stem cells have long-term proliferative capacity and an unusual mode of cell-cycle regulation and can divide independently of extrinsic mitogenic signals. The last few years has seen evidence emerge that links cell-cycle... more
Pluripotent stem cells have long-term proliferative capacity and an unusual mode of cell-cycle regulation and can divide independently of extrinsic mitogenic signals. The last few years has seen evidence emerge that links cell-cycle regulation to the maintenance and establishment of pluripotency. Myc transcription factors appear to be central to this regulation. This review addresses these links and discusses how cell-cycle controls and Myc impact on the maintenance and establishment of pluripotency.