Anna Soliguer Guix

This article contributes to the literature by explaining the initial phase of tourism in Lloret de Mar during the 1950s, a period that is not well documented. Typically, tourism is discussed after its massification, when tour operators entered the market. There is little documentation related to tourism when it was in the hands of the locals, before the onset of binge tourism and the loss of moral values in tourist businesses. Despite the significant progress of these changes, which eventually led to the closure of sustainable and responsible tourist businesses, this initial phase represents a key period for understanding the evolution and subsequent transformations in the region's tourism sector. It is written in Catalan, the language of the local community in the 1950s.

Purpose-Focusing on critical discourse analysis, this paper aims to propose a framework for analysing the way activist anti-tourism groups construct their social action of protest. The authors argue that activist groups use different narrative strategies to construct and legitimise their discourse of protest to convey social meanings for social action practices. This study represents an attempt to explain how anti-tourism activist groups have the agency to build different paradigms of protest rooted in particular views of tourism. Design/methodology/approach-As a result of the lack of research in this area, this study used a comparative case study methodology drawn on four case studies in the field of anti-tourism protest. Case study is deemed adequate to explore a complex social phenomenon, how activist groups differ from each other, in a specific socioeconomic context. A critical discourse analysis method is used to study primary (interviews) and secondary sources (reports, websites and online campaigns documents) of information, which express the activist group motivations and objectives to protest against tourism. Findings-This study's findings provide evidence in how discourse differs among the protest groups. Three narrative paradigms of protest are identified, which guide their agency: scepticism, based on a global and ecological approach; non-interventionist transformation, rooted in local community issues; and direct transformation, based on a sectoral problem-solving approach. These differences are interpreted as the consequences of the emergence and the development of different paths of protest according to specific social contexts and power relations in which anti-tourism groups are embedded. Originality/value-This paper provides a contemporary approach to anti-tourism activism within the context of social movements. This case study may be of interest to practitioners and international destination managers interested in gaining a better understanding of anti-tourism protest strategies, new anti-tourism narratives following COVID-19 and the opportunities and challenges for opening a dialogue with those involved in activism and social urban movements as part of sustainable tourism governance. Our results can also help activists to rethink how they integrate differences and particular strategic positions to avoid hindering collective action. This knowledge is especially useful for managers and authorities seeking to develop more accurate collaborative governance practices with local activists, and especially those interested in fostering participative action without marginalising the diverse range of local community perspectives.

En las dos ultimas decadas, el turismo como sector de la cooperacion internacional se ha ido abriendo espacio en los fondos que paises y entidades multilaterales destinan a Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo. Cada vez es mas comun encontrar intervenciones destinadas a 'poner en valor' el patrimonio de una localidad o territorio, a modernizar las politicas de instituciones publicas de turismo, a la creacion de infraestructuras de transporte como aeropuertos o puertos deportivos, a la formacion de recursos humanos, a la implementacion de emprendimientos de turismo comunitario, al impulso de nueva modalidades turisticas como el Turismo Solidario, o a la defensa de los derechos de la poblacion autoctona afectada por el desarrollo turistico. El surgimiento y crecimiento de este nuevo sector de la cooperacion al desarrollo ha generado la necesidad de crear instrumentos y metodologias apropiados. En algunos casos, estos instrumentos y metodologias no han estado exentos de debates sobre su viabilidad o sobre su capacidad real de enfrentar la pobreza. El presente libro, co-editado por el Foro de Turismo Responsable conjuntamente con diferentes organizaciones y plataformas academicas, recopila articulos de investigadores y analistas de reconocida trayectoria sobre el binomio Turismo- Cooperacion. Estos textos, en su conjunto, ofrecen al lector un panorama minucioso de los desafios y debates que giran alrededor de este binomio y del aparato instrumental del que se ha dotado.

The article brings together, through different semiestructured interviews, the opinion of different Spanish specialists in responsible tourism to gather the focus of current discussion and foreseeable future trends of this modality. We focus on different aspects related to the production and consumption of this type of tourism extracted from a review of the recent literature on the subject. One relevant finding is that the existence of two opposed points of views (social and commercial) about the mission of responsible tourism coexist with a consensus on considering responsible tourism as a practice with high potential of attraction on the Spanish demand. The interviewed experts justify such claim because responsible tourism has a socially identifiable image that differentiate it from other tourist modalities. This can be explained according to the ability of responsible tourism to generate positive impacts on destinations, the proximity of visitors and local community, and because ...

This article analyses the content of 2742 news items on tourismification and tourism-phobia in Barcelona published in the Spanish press between 2008 and 2020. Based on Foucault’s theoretical approach to the study of discourse and applying a content analysis method, the social construction of a tourism model is critically analysed through the examination of tourismification narratives. The dominant discourse on tourismification expressed by the Spanish press is organised into the following three narrative axes: the use of a local community point of view to highlight mass tourism as a contested social issue, governance as a solution for tourismification within the framework of the debate about the city’s tourist identity and the use of tourism-phobia as a formula for politicisation of the discourse on tourism, to influence public opinion and develop power relations. The press discourse proposes a narrative that incorporates a critical reading of tourism in place of the previous growth...

Resumen: El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar qué motivos dificultan la puesta en práctica de los principios de turismo responsable en el modelo turístico catalán. Como principal resultado, se pone de manifiesto que la gestión socialmente responsable del turismo (en adelante, GSRT) no forma parte de las prioridades de la estrategia turística catalana, a pesar de que ya ha entrado en la agenda política, a raíz de los conflictos en Barcelona. El enfoque de la GSRT desde la Ciencia Política y concretamente, desde el marco del análisis de las políticas públicas, permite trascender los aspectos macroeconómicos que impulsan las estrategias políticas, para adentrarnos en los actores y las decisiones que superan las acciones de fomento y promoción. Las razones que motivan esta ausencia se deben principalmente a que la política turística se halla enmarcada en un programa económico, ideológicamente alejado de otros modelos considerados más cercanos al desarrollo sostenible. Socially responsible governance of tourism in Catalonia. Abstract: The aim of this research is to analyze what reasons hinder the implementation of the principles of responsible tourism in the Catalan tourism model. As a main result, it shows that socially responsible man‑ agement of tourism (onward, SRMT) is not part of the priorities of the Catalan tourism strategy, although it has already entered the political agenda, due to conflicts in Barcelona. The focus of the SRMT from Political Science and specifically, from the context of the analysis of public policies, can transcend the macroeconomic aspects that drive the political strategies, to get into the actors and the decisions that go beyond the actions of encouragement and promotion. The reasons for this absence are mainly due to tourism policy is framed in an economical program ideologically away from other models considered closest to sustainable development economic program.

Resumen: El artículo reúne, a partir de diferentes entrevistas semiestructuradas, la opinión de reconocidos especialistas españoles en turismo responsable para observar cuáles son los focos de debate actuales y las previsibles tendencias futuras de esta modalidad. En concreto se aborda la cuestión central de si el turismo responsable obedece a un movimiento social o a un nicho de mercado y qué efectos e implicaciones acerca de su gestión y comercialización derivan de cada postura. Como principal resultado se pone de manifiesto que, a pesar que  coexisten ambas visiones entre los especialistas, existe un sesgo hacia la consideración del turismo responsable como movimiento social. No obstante, el reconocimiento de la existencia de un elevado potencial de atracción sobre la demanda española invita, a algunos expertos, a plantear abiertamente su comercialización como producto turístico bajo condiciones estrictas de equidad y transparencia. Finalmente se detectan retos de futuro: la proliferación de denominaciones que confunden a la demanda, el desequilibrio en la localización de los destinos, el acceso  limitado a los mercados y las dificultades para consolidar los proyectos que no tienen una gestión eficiente.