Pancreastatin (PST) is a biologically active peptide isolated first from porcine pancreas. Its origin takes place in chromogranin A proteolysis within the neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal systems. Although ample metabolic effects, such... more
Pancreastatin (PST) is a biologically active peptide isolated first from porcine pancreas. Its origin takes place in chromogranin A proteolysis within the neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal systems. Although ample metabolic effects, such as modulation of secretion of different glands, as well as general metabolism regulation, have been described, the putative physiological role of PST has not yet been established. This article seeks to describe the synthesis and secretion of PST as well as its biological activities in a number of tissues.
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Pancreastatin (PST), is a biologically active peptide isolated from porcine pancreas in 1986. Soon after PST was found to be contained within the chromogranin A (CGA) sequence, and therefore distributed throughout the neuroendocrine and... more
Pancreastatin (PST), is a biologically active peptide isolated from porcine pancreas in 1986. Soon after PST was found to be contained within the chromogranin A (CGA) sequence, and therefore distributed throughout the neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal systems. This finding started up the consideration of CGA as a source of different biologically active peptides, which were then identified.
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Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a disease (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) that may develop into a systemic disease with immunosuppression and death in its severe form.... more
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a disease (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) that may develop into a systemic disease with immunosuppression and death in its severe form. Myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs) are inhibitory cells that contribute to immunosuppression in patients with cancer and infection. Increased levels of MDSCs have been found in COVID-19 patients, although their role in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 has not been clarified. For this reason, we raised the question whether MDSCs could be useful in the follow-up of patients with severe COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU). Thus, we monitored the immunological cells, including MDSCs, in 80 patients admitted into the ICU. After 1, 2, and 3 weeks, we examined for a possible association with mortality (40 patients). Although the basal levels of circulating MDSCs did not discriminate between the two groups of patients, the last measurement before the endp...
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Copyright © 2010 Patricia Fernández-Riejos et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the... more
Copyright © 2010 Patricia Fernández-Riejos et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ that secretes various humoral factors (adipokines), and its shift to production of proinflammatory cytokines in obesity likely contributes to the low-level systemic inflammation that may be present in metabolic syndrome-associated chronic pathologies such as atherosclerosis. Leptin is one of the most important hormones secreted by adipocytes, with a variety of physiological roles related to the control of metabolism and energy homeostasis. One of these functions is the connection between nutritional status and immune competence. The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin has been shown to regulate the immune response, innate and adaptive response, both in normal and pathological condit...
Antonio de Grazia y Alvarez (1815-1872) es valorado en los medios historiograficos de nuestro pais como una personalidad relevante de la Medicina ochocentista, siendo particularmente conocido por haber sido el introductor en Espana del... more
Antonio de Grazia y Alvarez (1815-1872) es valorado en los medios historiograficos de nuestro pais como una personalidad relevante de la Medicina ochocentista, siendo particularmente conocido por haber sido el introductor en Espana del dato de laboratorio como "signo fisico" en el metodo anatomoclinico; sin embargo, hasta ahora, no se conocen adecuadamente su vida personal y profesional ni tampoco su obra escrita, asi como el posible ascendiente de la misma en la transformacion de la Medicina espanola del siglo XIX. El objetivo de esta Tesis doctoral ha sido pues doble, dado que ha pretendido, por un lado, establecer en forma clara y concisa su biografia y, por otra parte, dar a conocer su obra escrita, asi como el posible influjo de la misma en la renovacion de la Medicina decimononica de nuestro pais. Antonio de Grazia y Alvarez nacio en Cadiz en 1815; tras cursar sus estudios elementales y secundarios en su ciudad natal y El Puerto de Santa Maria, ingresaria en 1838 en ...
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This innovative project addresses the topic “Brake dust emissions measurement”; specifically, the further investigation of non-exhaust emissions coming from the brake system during the novel WLTP cycle established by the PMP group. Road... more
This innovative project addresses the topic “Brake dust emissions measurement”; specifically, the further investigation of non-exhaust emissions coming from the brake system during the novel WLTP cycle established by the PMP group. Road transport is one of the major sources of urban pollutant emissions. The trend towards vehicle electrification is increasing non-exhaust emissions, with brake wear particles being the largest part of these emissions. Moreover, the negative effects on health caused by PM must also be mitigated. Hence, the need to study brake dust emissions behaviour as well as standardize a procedure and methodology to measure them has become paramount. The main objectives of this project are, on the one hand, to establish a measurement protocol to measure brake particles emissions during the novel WLTP cycle and, on the other hand, to understand brake wear particle behaviour (among PN and PM concentration, the influence of speed and brake temperature on the measuremen...
Los videojuegos son una de las nuevas tecnologias que mas llama la atencion sobre todo en el sector juvenil debido a su contenido llamativo y motivador. Asi, se han convertido en los medios de entretenimiento mas recurridos en las horas... more
Los videojuegos son una de las nuevas tecnologias que mas llama la atencion sobre todo en el sector juvenil debido a su contenido llamativo y motivador. Asi, se han convertido en los medios de entretenimiento mas recurridos en las horas libres de los ninos. Sin embargo, se han ligado al aumento de la practica de actividades sedentarias y a la disminucion de la actividad fisica semanal. En este estudio de caracter descriptivo, exploratorio y de corte transversal realizado sobre 315 alumnos de entre 10 y 12 anos pertenecientes a la provincia de Granada se pretende definir y relacionar los parametros de ocio-digital y fisico deportivo de dichos estudiantes. Se realizo con una hoja de autorregistro y el test sobre videojuegos de Llorca Diez (2009). Los resultados arrojaron que en esta etapa los ninos suelen realizar las horas de ejercicio recomendado semanal y que pasan menos de 2 horas diarias practicando actividades sedentarias. Ademas, los videojuegos no tenian influencia sobre las h...
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Leptin is an important regulator of basal metabolism and food intake, with a pivotal role in obesity. Leptin exerts many different actions on various tissues and systems, including cancer, and is considered as a linkage between metabolism... more
Leptin is an important regulator of basal metabolism and food intake, with a pivotal role in obesity. Leptin exerts many different actions on various tissues and systems, including cancer, and is considered as a linkage between metabolism and the immune system. During the last decades, obesity and leptin have been associated with the initiation, proliferation and progression of many types of cancer. Obesity is also linked with complications and mortality, irrespective of the therapy used, affecting clinical outcomes. However, some evidence has suggested its beneficial role, called the “obesity paradox”, and the possible antitumoral role of leptin. Recent data regarding the immunotherapy of cancer have revealed that overweight leads to a more effective response and leptin may probably be involved in this beneficial process. Since leptin is a positive modulator of both the innate and the adaptive immune system, it may contribute to the increased immune response stimulated by immunothe...
Research Interests: Obesity, Cancer, Medicine, Overweight, Immunotherapy, and 3 moreLeptin, Immune system, and Biomolecules
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Adequate lifestyle changes significantly reduce the cardiovascular risk factors associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, healthy eating habits, regular physical activity, abstaining from using tobacco, and good... more
Adequate lifestyle changes significantly reduce the cardiovascular risk factors associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, healthy eating habits, regular physical activity, abstaining from using tobacco, and good sleep hygiene are recommended for managing these conditions. There is solid evidence that diets that are plant-based; low in saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and sodium; and high in fiber, potassium, and unsaturated fatty acids are beneficial and reduce the expression of cardiovascular risk factors in these subjects. In view of the foregoing, the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, a low-carbohydrate diet, and a vegan-vegetarian diet are of note. Additionally, the relationship between nutrition and these metabolic pathologies is fundamental in targeting efforts to prevent weight gain, reducing excess weight in the case of individuals with overweight or obesity, and personalizing treatment to promote patient empowerment. This document is the executive summary of an updated review that includes the main recommendations for improving dietary nutritional quality in people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The full review is available on the webpages of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis, the Spanish Diabetes Society, and the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine.
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The main objective of this research is to analyse the perception of visitors in protected natural areas struggling with mass tourism. An exhaustive analysis is carried out of both the tourist activity and the profile of the tourists in... more
The main objective of this research is to analyse the perception of visitors in protected natural areas struggling with mass tourism. An exhaustive analysis is carried out of both the tourist activity and the profile of the tourists in the Garganta de los Infiernos Natural Reserve (Extremadura, Spain). It studies variables such as the number of visitors, their personal profile, their perception of the protected area after the visit, etc. The method used was non-experimental, descriptive, qualitative and analytical, and it allowed for a better understanding of the profile of the visitors: sex, age, origin, professional profile, etc. The results show the visitors’ conviction about the need to properly manage areas of public use, mainly due to the notable and partly uncontrolled growth of tourism activity during certain periods of the year. On the other hand, the relevance of the actions of the Governing Board of the Natural Reserve is highlighted, as it guarantees public participation...
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Pregnancy success requires a proper fetal maternal interaction at the establishment of implantation. Leptin has been described as a multitasking cytokine in pregnancy, particularly in the placenta, where it acts as an autocrine hormone.... more
Pregnancy success requires a proper fetal maternal interaction at the establishment of implantation. Leptin has been described as a multitasking cytokine in pregnancy, particularly in the placenta, where it acts as an autocrine hormone. The expression of leptin in normal trophoblastic cells is regulated by different endogenous signals. We have previously reported that 17β-estradiol upregulates placental leptin expression through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. To improve the knowledge of estrogen receptor mechanisms in regulating leptin gene expression, we examined transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) effect on estradiol leptin induction in human BeWo cell line and human term placental explants. We demonstrated that estradiol induction effect on leptin expression is blocked by the inhibition of NFκB signaling. We also found that the overexpression of p65 subunit, the active form of NFκB, induces leptin expression. Moreover, downregulation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα),...
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Inflammation is an essential immune response for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In a general sense, acute and chronic inflammation are different types of adaptive response that are called into action when other homeostatic... more
Inflammation is an essential immune response for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In a general sense, acute and chronic inflammation are different types of adaptive response that are called into action when other homeostatic mechanisms are insufficient. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the cellular and molecular events that are involved in the acute inflammatory response to infection and tissue injury, the causes and mechanisms of systemic chronic inflammation are much less known. The pathogenic capacity of this type of inflammation is puzzling and represents a common link of the multifactorial diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. In recent years, interest has been raised by the discovery of novel mediators of inflammation, such as microRNAs and adipokines, with different effects on target tissues. In the present review, we discuss the data emerged from research of leptin in obesity as an inflammatory mediator sustaining m...
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Leptin is highly expressed in the placenta, mainly by trophoblastic cells, where it has an important autocrine trophic effect. Moreover, increased leptin levels are found in the most frequent pathology of pregnancy: gestational diabetes,... more
Leptin is highly expressed in the placenta, mainly by trophoblastic cells, where it has an important autocrine trophic effect. Moreover, increased leptin levels are found in the most frequent pathology of pregnancy: gestational diabetes, where leptin may mediate the increased size of the placenta and the fetus, which becomes macrosomic. In fact, leptin mediates the increased protein synthesis, as observed in trophoblasts from gestational diabetic subjects. In addition, leptin seems to facilitate nutrients transport to the fetus in gestational diabetes by increasing the expression of the glycerol transporter aquaporin-9. The high plasma leptin levels found in gestational diabetes may be potentiated by leptin resistance at a central level, and obesity-associated inflammation plays a role in this leptin resistance. Therefore, the importance of anti-inflammatory nutrients to modify the pathology of pregnancy is clear. In fact, nutritional intervention is the first-line approach for the ...
Research Interests: Endocrinology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition, Obesity, Inflammation, and 13 moreMedicine, Insulin Resistance, Gestational diabetes, Pregnancy, Internal Medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Leptin, Nutrients, Mediterranean diet, Bioactive Compounds, Leptin Resistance, polyphenolic compounds, and gestational diabetes mellitus
Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, obesity, and insulin resistance, that leads to subfertility. Sam68 is an RNA-binding protein with... more
Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, obesity, and insulin resistance, that leads to subfertility. Sam68 is an RNA-binding protein with signaling functions that is ubiquitously expressed, including gonads. Sam68 is recruited to leptin signaling, mediating different leptin actions. Objective We aimed to investigate the role of Sam68 in leptin signaling, mediating the effect on aromatase expression in granulosa cells and the posible implication of Sam68 in the leptin resistance in PCOS. Materials and methods Granulosa cells were from healthy donors (n = 25) and women with PCOS (n = 25), within the age range of 20 to 40 years, from Valencian Infertility Institute (IVI), Seville, Spain. Sam68 expression was inhibited by siRNA method and overexpressed by expression vector. Expression level was analysed by qPCR and immunoblot. Statistical significance was assessed by ANOVA followed by differen...
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En este artículo se aborda el área osteología de rescate, definida por Urosa como recuperación, cuidado y conservación de piezas óseas desatendidas y olvidadas, las cuales pueden otorgar una cantidad incomparable de datos para el... more
En este artículo se aborda el área osteología de rescate, definida por Urosa como recuperación, cuidado y conservación de piezas óseas desatendidas y olvidadas, las cuales pueden otorgar una cantidad incomparable de datos para el entendimiento de los asentamientos y sus dinámicas en el pasado (Urosa, 1998, p. 11). El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar la utilidad de la osteología para avanzar específicamente en los estudios sobre afrodescendientes. Para ello, se realizó una recopilación de autores cuyas investigaciones demuestran la productividad cognoscitiva de la osteología en la investigación de cementerios con enterramientos de antiguos esclavizados y sus descendientes. Finalmente, se expone un estudio de caso reciente en un antiguo cementerio de esclavizados en Venezuela.: This article deals with the rescue osteology area, defined by Urosa as recovery, care and conservation of neglected and forgotten bone pieces, which can provide an incomparable amount of data for the unders...
Research Interests: Humanities and Osteology
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Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to... more
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30-50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be ...
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Leptin is a homeostatic regulator in the placenta where it promotes proliferation, protein synthesis and the expression of tolerogenic maternal response molecules such as HLA-G. Leptin also exerts an anti-apoptotic action in placenta... more
Leptin is a homeostatic regulator in the placenta where it promotes proliferation, protein synthesis and the expression of tolerogenic maternal response molecules such as HLA-G. Leptin also exerts an anti-apoptotic action in placenta controlling the expression of p53 master cell cycle regulator under different stress conditions. On the other hand, leptin is an integrative target of different placental stimuli. The expression of leptin in placenta is regulated by hCG, insulin, steroids, hypoxia and many other growth hormones, suggesting that it might have an important endocrine function in the trophoblastic cells. The leptin expression is induced involving the cAMP/PKA or cAMP/Epac pathways which have profound actions upon human trophoblast function. The activation of PI3K and MAPK pathways also participates in the leptin expression. Estrogens play a central role during pregnancy, particularly 17β-estradiol upregulates the leptin expression in placental cells through genomic and non-...
Research Interests: Endocrinology, Physiology, Reproduction, Biology, Epigenetics, and 13 moreMedicine, Internal Medicine, Placenta, Leptin, Transcription Factor, Clinical Sciences, Ciencias Biológicas, Trophoblast, Leptin Receptor, Enseñanza - Aprendizaje Ciencias Naturales Y Exactas, Biología Reproductiva, Estradiol, and Paediatrics and reproductive medicine
Leptin is now considered an important signalling molecule of the reproductive system, as it regulates the production of gonadotrophins, the blastocyst formation and implantation, the normal placentation, as well as the foeto-placental... more
Leptin is now considered an important signalling molecule of the reproductive system, as it regulates the production of gonadotrophins, the blastocyst formation and implantation, the normal placentation, as well as the foeto-placental communication. Leptin is a peptide hormone secreted mainly by adipose tissue, and the placenta is the second leptin-producing tissue in humans. Placental leptin is an important cytokine which regulates placental functions in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Leptin seems to play a crucial role during the first stages of pregnancy as it modulates critical processes such as proliferation, protein synthesis, invasion and apoptosis in placental cells. Furthermore, deregulation of leptin levels has been correlated with the pathogenesis of various disorders associated with reproduction and gestation, including polycystic ovary syndrome, recurrent miscarriage, gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Due to the relevan...
Research Interests: Endocrinology, Reproduction, Biology, Medicine, Adipose tissue, and 15 moreGestational diabetes, Internal Medicine, Placenta, Leptin, Clinical Sciences, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Inmunología, Fetal Growth Restriction, Leptin Receptor, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Placentation, Biochemistry and cell biology, Recurrent Miscarriage, Pre Eclampsia, and Polycystic ovary
Stem cells derived from placental tissues are an attractive source of cells for regenerative medicine. Amniotic epithelial cells isolated from human amnion (hAECs) have desirable and competitive characteristics that make them stand out... more
Stem cells derived from placental tissues are an attractive source of cells for regenerative medicine. Amniotic epithelial cells isolated from human amnion (hAECs) have desirable and competitive characteristics that make them stand out between other stem cells. They have the ability to differentiate toward all three germ layers, they are not tumorigenic and they have immunosuppressive properties. Although liver transplantation is the best way to treat acute and chronic hepatic failure patients, there are several obstacles. Recently, stem cells have been spotlighted as alternative source of hepatocytes because of their potential for hepatogenic differentiation. In this work, we aimed to study the proliferation and survival of the hAECs during their hepatic differentiation. We have also analyzed the changes in pluripotency and hepatic markers. We differentiated amniotic cells applying a specific hepatic differentiation (HD) protocol. We determined by qRT-PCR that hAECs express signifi...
Research Interests: Stem Cells, Biomarkers, Biology, Stem Cell, Medicine, and 15 moreMultidisciplinary, Pregnancy, Humans, Liver, Female, Cellular differentiation, Phosphorylation, PLoS one, Ciencias Biológicas, Epithelial cells, Cell Proliferation, Enseñanza - Aprendizaje Ciencias Naturales Y Exactas, Amnion, Cell Survival, and real time polymerase chain reaction
Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins that have permeability functions in many tissues. Aquaporin 9 may transport not only water but also small molecules, such as glycerol, monocarboxylates, purines and pyrimidines. Aquaporin 9 is... more
Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins that have permeability functions in many tissues. Aquaporin 9 may transport not only water but also small molecules, such as glycerol, monocarboxylates, purines and pyrimidines. Aquaporin 9 is expressed in syncytiotrophoblast of human term placenta, and it may contribute to the embryonic/fetal growth and survival. We have previously found that Aquaporin 9 expression levels seem to be increased in placenta from gestational diabetes. Since leptin plasma levels and leptin expression are increased in placenta from gestational diabetes, we aimed to study the possible role of leptin on Aquaporin 9 expression in human placenta in vitro. The present work shows that leptin produces a dose-dependent increase of Aquaporin 9 expression, resulting in an increase in Aquaporin-9 protein in human trophoblast explants.
Research Interests: Endocrinology, Biology, Medicine, Pregnancy, Humans, and 15 moreInternal Medicine, Placenta, Female, Leptin, Glycosylation, Ciencias Biológicas, Adult, Aquaporin, Cesarean Section, Reproducibility of Results, Transporter, Immunoblotting, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Tissue culture techniques, and Paediatrics and reproductive medicine
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Research Interests: Endocrinology, Chemistry, Biology, Medicine, Estrogen Receptor, and 15 morePregnancy, Humans, Internal Medicine, Placenta, Female, Estrogen, Leptin, Transcription Factor, Clinical Sciences, Ciencias Biológicas, Leptin Receptor, Enseñanza - Aprendizaje Ciencias Naturales Y Exactas, Estradiol, Estrogen receptor alpha, and Paediatrics and reproductive medicine
Obesity is a well-known risk factor for breast cancer development in postmenopausal women. High insulin and leptin levels seem to have a role modulating the growth of these tumours. Sam68 is an RNA-binding protein with signalling... more
Obesity is a well-known risk factor for breast cancer development in postmenopausal women. High insulin and leptin levels seem to have a role modulating the growth of these tumours. Sam68 is an RNA-binding protein with signalling functions that has been found to be overexpressed in breast cancer. Moreover, Sam68 may be recruited to insulin and leptin signalling pathways, mediating its effects on survival, growth and proliferation in different cellular types. We aimed to study the expression of Sam68 and its phosphorylation level upon insulin and leptin stimulation, and the role of Sam68 in the proliferative effect and signalling pathways that are activated by insulin or leptin in human breast adenocarcinoma cells. In the human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and BT-474, Sam68 protein quantity and gene expression were increased upon leptin or insulin stimulation, as it was checked by qPCR and immunoblot. Moreover, both insulin and leptin stimulation promoted an incr...
Research Interests: Endocrinology, Biology, Medicine, Multidisciplinary, Signal Transduction, and 15 moreHumans, Internal Medicine, Insulin, Female, Leptin, Phosphorylation, PLoS one, Obesidad, Leptin Receptor, Insulin Receptor, Cell Proliferation, DNA binding proteins, Adenocarcinoma, Breast Neoplasms, and Neoplasias De La Mama
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Maternal fever is common during pregnancy and has for many years been suspected to harm the developing fetus. Whether increased maternal temperature produces exaggerated apoptosis in trophoblast cells remains unclear. Since p53 is a... more
Maternal fever is common during pregnancy and has for many years been suspected to harm the developing fetus. Whether increased maternal temperature produces exaggerated apoptosis in trophoblast cells remains unclear. Since p53 is a critical regulator of apoptosis we hypothesized that increased temperature in placenta produces abnormal expression of proteins in the p53 pathway and finally caspase-3 activation. Moreover, leptin, produced by placenta, is known to promote the proliferation and survival of trophoblastic cells. Thus, we aimed to study the possible role of leptin preventing apoptosis triggered by high temperature, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect. Fresh placental tissue was collected from normal pregnancies. Explants of placental villi were exposed to 37 °C, 40 °C and 42 °C during 3 h in the presence or absence of 10 nM leptin in DMEM-F12 medium. Western blotting and qRT-PCR was performed to analyze the expression of p53 and downstream effector, P53AIP1, Mdm2, p21, BAX and BCL-2 as well as the activated cleaved form of caspase-3 and the fragment of cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) cleaved at Asp396 (neoepitope M30). Phosphorylation of the Ser 46 residue on p53, the expression of P53AIP1, Mdm2, p21, as well as caspase-3 and CK-18 were significantly increased in explants at 40 °C and 42 °C. Conversely, these effects were significantly attenuated by leptin 10 nM at both 40 °C and 42 °C. The BCL2/BAX ratio was also significantly decreased in explants at 40 °C and 42 °C compared with explants incubated at 37 °C, which was prevented by leptin stimulation. These data illustrate the potential role of leptin for reducing apoptosis in trophoblast explants, including trophoblastic cells, triggered by high temperature, by preventing the activation of p53 signaling.