The paper presents light behaviour in polymer optical fibre bend, especially power transmission and near field power pattern in the fibre core. The characteristic parameters of polymer optical fibre (POF) are large core diameter and large... more
The paper presents light behaviour in polymer optical fibre bend, especially power transmission and near field power pattern in the fibre core. The characteristic parameters of polymer optical fibre (POF) are large core diameter and large numerical aperture. This fibre can be bent in small radius of curvature that is comparable with a fibre core radius. This way, the geometrical properties of polymer optical fibre bending geometry should not be omitted in power transmission calculations as is known for single-mode fibres. The analysis presented in this work has been done by nonlinear ray tracing technique. The novelty of this method implementation is the use of Bezier’s curve for exact description of the bend and skew rays propagation analysis. The results obtained indicate that when the convergence conditions of method are met, theoretical results are in accordance with the experiment data.
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Abstract Some vehicle damages can be related to the wheels' functional state, defined by rim and tire conditions. The technical condition of the rim is not simple to identify as it is related to the state of material structure. So... more
Abstract Some vehicle damages can be related to the wheels' functional state, defined by rim and tire conditions. The technical condition of the rim is not simple to identify as it is related to the state of material structure. So far, little information has been presented about measurement systems and methods dedicated to rim technical condition identification that are acceptable by car service stations. Thus, the new measurement system and method are proposed in this paper. The identification process uses forced vibration spectra measurement and data processing with neural network use. For this purpose, the existing wheel balancer has been integrated with the computer coupled to a shaft actuator, vibration exciter, and accelerometer head. The developed software provides automation of measurement procedure and results classification, while the algorithm of data processing enables the proper detection of the three states of rim: new, used, and fit for further use, and not usable.
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Diesel fuel stability can be considered from many points of view, of which the two considered most important are stability in contact with the environment and internal stability. Fuel stability in touch with the environment is often... more
Diesel fuel stability can be considered from many points of view, of which the two considered most important are stability in contact with the environment and internal stability. Fuel stability in touch with the environment is often defined as oxidation stability, of which measurement procedures are well developed. The presented paper shows that fuel’s internal stability can also be important. The internal stability of diesel fuel with the local use of thermal and ultraviolet radiation (UV) as degradation factors and fluorescence signals as a probe is presented in this paper. We show that the internal degradation of fuel with temperature use differs from that with UV and simultaneous both factors use. Our study shows that using temperature as a degradation factor introduces significant fluorescence fading. Moreover, the fluorescence signal restores significantly later than the sample stabilizes at room temperature. The novelty proposed based on examination is hybrid degradation and ...
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There is a set of sensing devices for a cloud on sky detection. The common passive examinations of cloud presence are realized with digital post processing of picture that was taken with fish eye lenses. Therefore, results of examinations... more
There is a set of sensing devices for a cloud on sky detection. The common passive examinations of cloud presence are realized with digital post processing of picture that was taken with fish eye lenses. Therefore, results of examinations are delayed and information at skyline is degraded. The common examinations include also thermal image analysis or the active laser distant sensors adaptations. The common feature of these sensors is the high cost of equipment. Thus, sensing device constructions for real-time measurements of clouds taking place on the skyline have been examined. Examinations were performed at the same time with two sensing devices that include two different optical channels. The first sensing device, used as a laboratory reference, consists of two spectrometers Maya 2000 pro while mechanic module consists of a plate with large core optical fiber adapter and fiber optic collimator adapter. These adapters are used to fix collimator and an optical fiber that is connected to a proper spectrometer. The examination results enable to point relation of variation of cloud cover factor as variation in semi-stable band 440 nm and variation in an unstable band that extends to longer than 550 nm wavelengths. Therefore, the second device, aimed as a cost effective consist of two optoelectronic sensors type BH1750 and OPT101 that are connected by a mechanical adapter that includes optical filters to binoculars. These optical filters are 440 nm band pass and 550 nm long pass. The data obtained of examinations show that the second construction may be a base for further development of data processing algorithms for passive sensing device for a cloud on the skyline detection.
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The common examinations of distant objects colors are realized with digital post processing of picture. Therefore, results of examinations are delayed. Consequently, real-time measurements of medium distance objects color taking place on... more
The common examinations of distant objects colors are realized with digital post processing of picture. Therefore, results of examinations are delayed. Consequently, real-time measurements of medium distance objects color taking place on the skyline have been examined. The medium distant objects that are under investigations are a different type of skyscrapers positioned at distant from 1 km to 3 km. Examinations were performed at the same time with two types of color sensors. These sensors are TCS3200 and VEML4060, they differ in dimensions, photonics characteristics and data transmission type. Therefore, to carry out the examinations, a standalone measurement system based on Nucleo64 board has been programmed. The data sampling ratio was 250/s. Sensors calibration was performed with the laboratory set-up consist of the specialized light sources, monochromator, fiber optic light divider and optical power meter. During medium-distant objects color examinations sensors were connected with monocular. Mentioned objects optical spectra characteristics were referred to data obtained with spectrophotometer use. Obtained results pointed that the use of an optoelectronic color sensor and a commonly available optical system with a fixed focal lens enables real-time measurements of objects’ colors located on the skyline. The VEML6040 sensor shows better agreement than TCS3200 with spectrometric characteristics of distant objects.
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To this day, the micro-heating unit in a multiparametric capillary sensor’s setup has been controlled using laboratory power supply with constant voltage. In this method it was assumed that the micro heater’s resistance value is... more
To this day, the micro-heating unit in a multiparametric capillary sensor’s setup has been controlled using laboratory power supply with constant voltage. In this method it was assumed that the micro heater’s resistance value is semi-constant. However, due to the fact that degradation effects induced by high power density dissipation in multiple, intense or prolonged heating cycles may cause it to vary, a new approach had to be found. Therefore, in this paper, a development of a power stabilization method using PID controller to compensate for micro-heater’s resistance changes during intense heating is described. Additionally, a current sensing resistor, a programmable power supply and a data acquisition system are incorporated into the setup to provide closed-loop feedback.
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There are many standards set by national organizations and fuel producers to test and guarantee the diesel fuel stability under storage conditions. Traditional techniques for measuring fuel stability utilize oxygen-assisted degradation of... more
There are many standards set by national organizations and fuel producers to test and guarantee the diesel fuel stability under storage conditions. Traditional techniques for measuring fuel stability utilize oxygen-assisted degradation of heated sample submit the fuel sample to a relatively high pressure of air, temperature of the sample or a long time of examination. For example, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D4625 requires a time of up to 24 weeks of fuel exposition to air atmosphere heated up to 43°C. The degradation is evidenced by the appearance of resins and sediments. There are many different theories describing the mechanism of degradation of diesel fuels, as there are various factors that initiate and maintain the process. The stability of modern diesel fuel is mainly due to the reduction of the oxidation processes, the result of the presence of unsaturated components and components with oxygen as organic components and cetane index improvers. Therefore,...
The aim of the present work is an application of the fabrication technologies of p-n junctions working as photodetectors into the ultraviolet region. Usually, the ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors are fabricated as a standard p-n diode... more
The aim of the present work is an application of the fabrication technologies of p-n junctions working as photodetectors into the ultraviolet region. Usually, the ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors are fabricated as a standard p-n diode structure with the anode on the top and the cathode on the bottom on silicon carbide (4H-SiC) substrates. The critical part for detectors is the formation of the p-n junction. It can be done by different technological processes, such as ion implantation, epitaxy, etc. This paper presents three different technological approaches to fabricate UV photodetectors as p-n photodiode.
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The generation and treatment of wastewater is considered a serious ecological, economical
Due to the fact that present-day routines for fuel stability examinations are time consuming, the development of fast and low-cost sensing methods is of high importance. This paper focuses on spectrometric data analysis of a capillary... more
Due to the fact that present-day routines for fuel stability examinations are time consuming, the development of fast and low-cost sensing methods is of high importance. This paper focuses on spectrometric data analysis of a capillary sensor for fast examination of fuel photo-stability using a high-power light emitting diode at 365nm as a degradation and examination factor. Photo-stability is considered a crucial factor, due to the fact that fuel stored in tanks tends to be exposed to light. Sample of commercially available fuel used for measurements was stored, before examinations, in a standard can for 2 years. Therefore, the fuel sample is degraded by storage conditions but not photo-degraded. Results allowing to determine fuel photo-stability during 40 minutes of UV degradation are examined for continuous light emission as well as for an intermitted one utilizing switching off the light source for a 5-minute-long resting period in between subsequent measurements. The measurement...
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Essential amino acids exist normally in solid state, but in the environment they are often in contact with water or other liquids. The stability of solid state amino acids has been investigated under controlled atmosphere and pressure... more
Essential amino acids exist normally in solid state, but in the environment they are often in contact with water or other liquids. The stability of solid state amino acids has been investigated under controlled atmosphere and pressure conditions. The amino acids stability in liquid water environment is important, especially for protein permanency and for human and animal food usage. In this work, the full set of essential amino acids are investigated in water environment at normal atmospheric pressure and under thermal shocks with slew rate as high as 4oC/sec applied in a fiber optic capillary sensor set up. Reactions in some essential amino acids happen at temperatures lower than 80C. The conclusion is that the stability of amino acids in water environment is different from their stability in solid state form. Keywords-essential amino acids; amino acids in water; Llysine; capillary sensor
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The multi-parametric capillary sensor with local sample heating has been shown as an effective tool for diesel fuel fit for use classification at the laboratory level of technology, where a trained operator performs the experiments. The... more
The multi-parametric capillary sensor with local sample heating has been shown as an effective tool for diesel fuel fit for use classification at the laboratory level of technology, where a trained operator performs the experiments. The sensor consists of disposable capillary optrode, head and measurement control unit. An increase of the technology level of the sensor requires automation of samples handling and implementing automatic rejection of uncertain outlier data. Such data uncertainty may come from variations of capillary optrode diameters, inaccuracy of optrode filling with sample, inaccuracy of corking the sample as well as inaccuracy of optrode positioning in the head. Mentioned inaccuracies of preparation of the measurement may lead to outlier data, which impacts the correctness of sample classification. In this paper automatic detection of outlier data received in multi-parametric capillary sensors of diesel fuels is proposed and examined with data collected by untrained...
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The diesel fuel stability is related with the fuel composition that evolved to the modern fuels from the historical ones. The stability of modern diesel fuel is mainly due to the reduction of the oxidation processes, the result of the... more
The diesel fuel stability is related with the fuel composition that evolved to the modern fuels from the historical ones. The stability of modern diesel fuel is mainly due to the reduction of the oxidation processes, the result of the presence of unsaturated components and components with oxygen as organic components and cetane index improvers. These fuel components may form insoluble particles and gum that can contribute to rapid fuel injection system wear and filter plugging. Therefore, the simple characteristic of serious degradation of diesel fuel is the appearance of resins and sediments. The present paper concentrates on the development of simple measurement procedure that can find application in construction of low cost the capillary sensor which enables the examination of the stability of modern diesel fuel including classification of not degraded fuel, fuel on first stage of degradation and serious degraded fuel. As a basic of development the degradation of most widely used...
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There are many fuel quality standards introduced by national organizations and fuel producers. Usual techniques for measuring fuel parameters like viscosity, density, cetane index, fraction composition and flash point, require relatively... more
There are many fuel quality standards introduced by national organizations and fuel producers. Usual techniques for measuring fuel parameters like viscosity, density, cetane index, fraction composition and flash point, require relatively complex and expensive laboratory equipment. On the fuel user side, fast and low cost sensing of useful state of biodiesel fuel is important. The main parameters of diesel fuel compatibility are: density and viscosity. Diesel fuel surface tension is one of the main properties for characterization of the quality of the fuel atomization process that affect fuel quality. The present paper concentrates on the construction of the sensor which enables the examination of the mentioned parameters in one arrangement. Results of development of a capillary photonic sensor working on the principle of multipoint monitoring of capillary rise of fuel in inclined capillary are presented. We discuss the principle of the sensor’s operation, the construction of the hea...
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There are many fuel quality standards introduced by national organizations and fuel producers. Usual techniques for measuring fuel parameters like cetane number, cetane index, fraction composition, viscosity, density, and flash point,... more
There are many fuel quality standards introduced by national organizations and fuel producers. Usual techniques for measuring fuel parameters like cetane number, cetane index, fraction composition, viscosity, density, and flash point, require relatively complex and expensive laboratory equipment. On the fuel user side, fast and low cost sensing of useful state of biodiesel fuel is important. The main parameters of diesel fuel compatibility are: density, viscosity and surface tension. These three parameters define indirectly the quality of the fuel atomization process and the injected portion of energy that affect the quality of the fuel. In the presented paper the purposefulness of fuel testing using measurements of separable parameters is discussed. On this base, a sensor which enables the examination of relation of the mentioned parameters in one arrangement is proposed, analyzed and tested. The sensor uses the dynamic capillary rise method with photonic multichannel data reading ...
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There are many types of gas sensors. The paper presents the group of miniature gas sensor heads that may find applications in gas sensing devices oriented to work in environment conditions. These conditions in the near Earth surface are... more
There are many types of gas sensors. The paper presents the group of miniature gas sensor heads that may find applications in gas sensing devices oriented to work in environment conditions. These conditions in the near Earth surface are described as partial gases concentrations including highly varied concentrations of water vapor, atmosphere temperature and pressure as well as wind speed. The miniature gas sensors heads based on different sensing principles and systems of sensing devices are discussed. Sensitivity and selectivity of heads and devices is discussed in the context of used technology. Nowadays, it seems that single miniature gas sensing head is characterized by too low sensitivity or to high cross-sensitivity to other gases and sensitivity to an environment parameters. Therefore sensing device should be prepared from set of miniature gas sensor heads, a gas sampling control module, as well as digital measurement data processing and control. The multiplication of heads ...
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There is a set of methods for a cloud on sky detection. The common passive examination of cloud presence is realized with digital post-processing of picture that was taken with a device that enables full-sky photography. As the camera is... more
There is a set of methods for a cloud on sky detection. The common passive examination of cloud presence is realized with digital post-processing of picture that was taken with a device that enables full-sky photography. As the camera is set in automatic mode the results of examinations depends on lighting conditions. Therefore up-today critical real-time applications are supported with laser or microwave devices that generate specific probing beams. The common feature of the mentioned devices is the high cost of equipment. Thus, the development of a sensing device that consists of standard modules and is intended for real-time measurements of the movement of clouds at skyline has been initiated. Proposed sensing device construction bases on a matrix of photodiodes integrated in the VEML6040 chip. The measurement results of the VEML6040 are analyzed with camera pictures. Obtained results show that filtered first derivative of ratio of blue to whole spectrum signal can be used to set...
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Sensing of cow functional state of fertility is important for the cattle and diary industries. Usual medical techniques, like the hormone test in urine or milk and the liquid based cytology, are not ideal when farm environment is... more
Sensing of cow functional state of fertility is important for the cattle and diary industries. Usual medical techniques, like the hormone test in urine or milk and the liquid based cytology, are not ideal when farm environment is considered and there is a need to develop improved methods. The method presented in this paper is based on fiber optic capillaries techniques using neural network analysis. We have investigated the vaginal fluids of healthy cows and of those suffering from vaginits and have proved that the method allows establishing the estrous state and distinguishing between healthy and sick animals. We present the experimental setup and analyze various aspects of the sensor design and operation principle with special consideration to the ANN part. The results of the measured signals analysis of ANN training showed a correlation of 0.987 for estrus and 0.986 for the classification of functional state of fertile phase. The proposed sensor introduced automatically precise i...
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The single-mode fibre erbium doped optical amplifiers are well known. They have high gain in wide band. They works in telecommunication purposes mainly [1] but the idea of optical signal amplifying is interesting also in other areas. One... more
The single-mode fibre erbium doped optical amplifiers are well known. They have high gain in wide band. They works in telecommunication purposes mainly [1] but the idea of optical signal amplifying is interesting also in other areas. One of intriguing application is free space signal pre-amplification for example in distance meters. In such implementation the multi-mode active fibre usage should be considered. There are a few literature positions that focus on this area [2]. Therefore, the multi-mode fibre amplifiers' analysis was performed by authors. This paper presents a theoretical basis of multi-mode fibre amplifiers based on energetic and propagation equations. The investigation of amplifiers pumped codirectionally and contradirectionally introduced for fibres Er and Nd doped was taken.
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Meteorological stations are facilities with measurement instrumentation and auxiliary equipment intended to measure a set of parameters. The main usages of such stations are weather reporting and forecasting. As meteorological stations... more
Meteorological stations are facilities with measurement instrumentation and auxiliary equipment intended to measure a set of parameters. The main usages of such stations are weather reporting and forecasting. As meteorological stations are complex measurement systems, their siting area density is limited. In such locations, meteorological models or a set of local sensors are used for reading atmospheric parameters. So far, data transfer automation of local readings to meteorological databases as well as user reading of remotely collected data is well established. But, little information has been presented about automated verifying local measurement systems with meteorological models' use. Thus, this paper proposes applying the IoT method of remote accessing weather data models in classic local measurement systems equipped with a local sensor set. Investigations results confirmed the usability of local sensing device use in measurements of atmospheric conditions as temperature, pressure, and humidity, where required time resolution is greater than 30 minutes, as standard accessed meteorological data time resolution is 30 or 60 minutes. Automated meteorological verification of local sensor heads readings requires geographical position data like latitude, longitude. As atmospheric pressure information in meteorological models is presented at virtual sea level, height above sea level of local sensor is also required. Thus, the proposed and examined configuration of the IoT sensing device has to include a method that provides access to information on localization. This way, the proposed sensing device creates the possibility of sensing heads maintenance only to required situations.
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Damages of different kinds that can be inflicted to a parked car. Among them, loosening of the car wheel bolts is difficult to detect during normal use of the car and is at the same time very dangerous to the health and life of the... more
Damages of different kinds that can be inflicted to a parked car. Among them, loosening of the car wheel bolts is difficult to detect during normal use of the car and is at the same time very dangerous to the health and life of the driver. Moreover, in patents and publications, only little information is presented about electronic sensors available for activation from inside of the car to inform the driver about the mentioned dangerous situation. Thus, the main aim of this work is the proposition and examination of a sensing device using of a wireless accelerometer head to detect loosening of wheel fixing bolts before ride has been started. The proposed sensing device consists of a wireless accelerometer head, an assembly interface and a receiver unit. The assembly interface between the head and the inner part of the rim enables the correct operation of the system. The data processing algorithm developed for the receiver unit enables the proper detection of the unscrewing of bolts. ...
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Diesel fuel quality can be considered from many different points of view. Fuel producers, fuel consumers, and ecologists have their own ideas. In this paper, a sensor of diesel fuel quality type, and fuel condition that is oriented to the... more
Diesel fuel quality can be considered from many different points of view. Fuel producers, fuel consumers, and ecologists have their own ideas. In this paper, a sensor of diesel fuel quality type, and fuel condition that is oriented to the fuel’s consumers, is presented. The fuel quality types include premium, standard, and full bio-diesel classes. The fuel conditions include fuel fit for use and fuel degraded classes. The classes of fuel are connected with characteristics of engine operation. The presented sensor uses signal processing of an optoelectronic device monitoring fuel samples that are locally heated to the first step of boiling. Compared to previous works which consider diesel fuel quality sensing with disposable optrodes which use a more complex construction, the sensor now consists only of a capillary probe and advanced signal processing. The signal processing addresses automatic conversion of the data series to form a data pattern, estimates the measurement uncertainty...
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Large area SiC photodiodes find applications in optoelectronic sensors working at special conditions. These conditions include detection of UV radiation in harsh environment. Moreover, the mentioned sensors have to be selective and... more
Large area SiC photodiodes find applications in optoelectronic sensors working at special conditions. These conditions include detection of UV radiation in harsh environment. Moreover, the mentioned sensors have to be selective and resistant to unwanted signals. For this purpose, the modulation of light at source unit and the rejection of constant current and low frequency component of signal at detector unit are used. The popular frequency used for modulation in such sensor is 1kHz. The large area photodiodes are characterized by a large capacitance and low shunt resistance that varies with polarization of the photodiode and can significantly modify the conditions of signal pre-amplification. In this paper two pre-amplifiers topology are analyzed: the transimpedance amplifier and the non-inverting voltage to voltage amplifier with negative feedback. The feedback loops of both pre-amplifiers are equipped with elements used for initial constant current and low frequency signals rejections. Both circuits are analyzed and compared using simulation and experimental approaches.
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Modern rims and wheels are tested at the design and production stages. Tests can be performed in laboratory conditions and on the ride. In the laboratory, complex and costly equipment is used, as for example wheel balancers and impact... more
Modern rims and wheels are tested at the design and production stages. Tests can be performed in laboratory conditions and on the ride. In the laboratory, complex and costly equipment is used, as for example wheel balancers and impact testers. Modern wheel balancers are equipped with electronic and electro-mechanical units that enable touch-less measurement of dimensions, including precision measurement of radial and lateral wheel run-out, automatic positioning and application of the counterweights, and vehicle wheel set monitoring - tread wear, drift angles and run-out unbalance. Those tests are performed by on-wheel axis measurements with laser distance meters. The impact tester enables dropping of weights from a defined height onto a wheel. Test criteria are the loss of pressure of the tire and generation of cracks in the wheel without direct impact of the falling weights. In the present paper, a set up composed of three accelerometers, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor is examined as the base of a wheel tester. The sensor set-up configuration, on-line diagnostic and signal transmission are discussed.
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Today, methane sensors find applications mostly in safety alarm installations, gas parameters detection and air pollution classification. Such sensors and sensors elements exists for industry and home use. Under development area of... more
Today, methane sensors find applications mostly in safety alarm installations, gas parameters detection and air pollution classification. Such sensors and sensors elements exists for industry and home use. Under development area of methane sensors application is dedicated to ground gases monitoring. Proper monitoring of soil gases requires reliable and maintenance-free semi-constant and longtime examination at relatively low cost of equipment. The sensors for soil monitoring have to work on soil probe. Therefore, sensor is exposed to environment conditions, as a wide range of temperatures and a full scale of humidity changes, as well as rain, snow and wind, that are not specified for classical methane sensors. Development of such sensor is presented in this paper. The presented sensor construction consists of five commercial non dispersive infra-red (NDIR) methane sensing units, a set of temperature and humidity sensing units, a gas chamber equipped with a micro-fan, automated gas valves and also a microcontroller that controls the measuring procedure. The electronics part of sensor was installed into customized 3D printed housing equipped with self-developed gas valves. The main development of proposed sensor is on the side of experimental evaluation of construction reliability and results of data processing included safety procedures and function for hardware error correction. Redundant methane sensor units are used providing measurement error correction as well as improved measurement accuracy. The humidity and temperature sensors are used for internal compensation of methane measurements as well as for cutting-off the sensor from the environment when the conditions exceed allowable parameters. Results obtained during environment sensing prove that the gas concentration readings are not sensitive to gas chamber vertical or horizontal position. It is important as vertical sensor installation on soil probe is simpler that horizontal one. Data acquired during six month of environment monitoring prove that error correction of methane sensing units was essential for maintenance free sensor operation, despite used safety procedures.
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The work includes using a brushless direct current motor ventilator as a machine which fills a container where methane sensor is researched. The main issue is to choose the best controlling method and implement it to self-made driver of... more
The work includes using a brushless direct current motor ventilator as a machine which fills a container where methane sensor is researched. The main issue is to choose the best controlling method and implement it to self-made driver of the motor.
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MEMS actuators are currently widely used in the industry. Micro-heaters, being a prime example, attracted much attention in recent years due to their good operating parameters and low cost fabrication process. This paper focuses on a... more
MEMS actuators are currently widely used in the industry. Micro-heaters, being a prime example, attracted much attention in recent years due to their good operating parameters and low cost fabrication process. This paper focuses on a design and development of a micro-heater to be used as an actuator in a multiparametric capillary sensor. The micro-heater is an evolution of a previous design and uses a 200nm-thick thin film of 80/20 NiCr alloy as a heating layer. The paper presents results of fabrication and testing of the micro-heater, including temperature distribution and resistance changes during the heating cycle. Additionally, is presented a PWM based control system providing the stability of power and temperature distribution.
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The PSpice environment enables the working point analysis of the electronics circuits, consisting of opto-electronics and electro-optics converters. To do this, an equivalent electronics model of the opto-electronics subdivisions should... more
The PSpice environment enables the working point analysis of the electronics circuits, consisting of opto-electronics and electro-optics converters. To do this, an equivalent electronics model of the opto-electronics subdivisions should be designed. Models of this type require assumptions concerning the intensity of the optical radiation, which can be represented as a voltage or current in areas isolated from the rest of the electronic circuit. In this way the models of two gate's types are created. The first gate represents electrical characteristics and the second one the optical. Therefore, in the photo diode case, the optical power from optical gate is transferred into the voltage on electrical gate by defined sensitivity. For the laser diode, the current in its electrical gate is changed into optical power in optical gate by parameter called external conversion efficiency. This situation is convenient in case when the analysis of the optical radiation is done in the narrow band. That happens quite often, because the spectrum of the sensitivity of the photo diode is significantly wider than intensity spectra of laser diode or light emitting diodes.
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ABSTRACT
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ABSTRACT
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The time series sequence of data readings are the input for computer aided analysis of signal from the multiparametric optical capillary sensor. The time series signals have characteristic points and forms. Their analysis by trained human... more
The time series sequence of data readings are the input for computer aided analysis of signal from the multiparametric optical capillary sensor. The time series signals have characteristic points and forms. Their analysis by trained human operators is time consuming and sometimes lacks of precision because of the presence of signal noise. The noises can be mostly rejected with advanced electronic signal processing, but the output analog signal is often modified by the electromagnetic environment and by the noise generated by electronic elements. We propose and analyze an algorithm that can be used as an automatic detector of characteristic points and form of the time series signals that are produced by the measuring head and the analog electronic units of the biodiesel fuel quality test sensor.