Sky

Идея Вселенной возникла у тюрков еще издавна, со временем подвергаясь различным изменениям под влиянием новых культур и религий. Тюрки верили в то, что Вселенная состоит из небосвода, Земли и подземного мира, считая, что на небесах находятся Бог и духи, на Земле – живые существа и владельцы вод и земель, а под землей – храбрость и враждебные духи. В книге Деде Горгуда, считающейся произведением огузских тюрков переходного периода, литературный текст которого был составлен в 15 веке, также ясно выражена идея Вселенной. В данной статье рассматривается идея Вселенной, состоящей из 3-х компонентов, в книге Деде Горгуда и анализируются следы традиционной религиозной системы тюрков и влияние Ислама.
Özet
Türklerde evren tasavvuru çok eski dönemlerde teşekkül etmiş, zaman içerisinde
girdikleri yeni kültür çevreleri ve dinlerin de etkisiyle türlü değişikliklere uğramıştır. Türklerde evrenin, gökyüzü, yeryüzü ve yeraltından oluştuğuna; gökyüzünde Tanrı ile yardımcı ruhların, yeryüzünde canlılar ile yer-su iyelerinin, yeraltında ise Erlik ile kötü ruhların bulunduğuna inanılmıştır. 15. yüzyılda yazıya geçirilen ve Oğuz Türklerinin geçiş dönemi eseri olarak kabul edilen Dede Korkut Kitabı’nda da bu evren tasavvuru açık bir şekilde görülmektedir. Bu makalede, Dede Korkut Kitabı’nda yer alan bu üçlü evren tasavvuru incelenecek ve Türklerin geleneksel inanç sistemlerinin izleri ile İslamiyet’in tesiri değerlendirilecektir.
Abstract
The Turks had a concept of the Universe since time immemorial, which underwent
many changes under the influence of new cultures and religions. The Turks believed that the Universe consisted of the sky, the Earth, and the underground world; they thought that God and the spirits were in the sky, that living beings and the masters of the waters and lands were on the Earth, and that bravery and hostile spirits were underground. The concept of the Universe is also clearly expressed in “The Book of Dada Gorgud”, which is considered a work of the Oghuz Turks of the transitional period and was put into writing in the 15th century. This article considers the concept of the Universe as consisting of three components which is found in “The Book of Dada Gorgud”, and, at the same time, analyses the traces of the Turks’ traditional religious system and the influence of Islam.

This work examines a question of a true place of Moon in the whole Universe. Meanwhile the contemporary atheistic per se science considers it as a lifeless Earth adjunct it is actually an axis of the Universe and the throne of God. Being thought as a corpse the Moon is the Life itself. 

Conceptual footholds of the Theory

1. The Subject of the Unified Field Theory is the World (Universe), God’s Creation. It is a Womb of all living, their Wide and the Way to God.
2. God is the Love, Strength of strength; World is this Power as Fetus.
3. The World is Omnes, Absoluteness; this world is relativeness: the clay as the shadow of this Fire, Eternity.
4. The Einstein’s mistake in the attempt to create World Theory is that he created the theory of this world, shadow without the Fire as a moonless darkness.
5. Unity of this world and Other world is given to us by their bracing, the Moon as a face of Creator in this world. The visible world is a wheel on the Axis, Moon; the Axis of the whole World is God.
6. People of the World are intelligent by God Anthropes of this world and Other world as their series, united by the Мoon; the human of the Earth is its part.
7. The World without the God is acephality as viewable by contemporary science; the whole World is the Mystery now. Only the Word, the vessel of both, will reveal it to us. The Cognition is the Love: Word of words, Catcher of souls; the human is lives by it.

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СОЗДАНЬЕ ЕДИНОЙ ТЕОРИИ ПОЛЯ — ВОЗВРАТ ДВУХ ЗАБЫТЫХ ЛЮДЬМИ И НАУКОЮ ИХ: ДУШАМ — БОГА, ОЧАМ НАШИМ БРЕННЫМ — ЛУНЫ. В ТОМ РАБОТА МОЯ.

Речь в книге — об истинном месте Луны во Вселенной. В то время как нынешней, Бога не чтящей науке Луна мертвый пленник Земли, людям древним она — мира Ось и Господний престол; трупом мнима, на деле Луна — Жизнь сама.

Проблема созданья Теории Мира, Всего — дух мирской, царь умов в наши дни: зло — не Благо, не Знанье — невежество. Скверный побег не дает добрый плод, лживый рот не щедр Истиной. То — мир сей ныне. Бог, Мира Творец, чтим им праздным глаголом; наука ж его, млат прогресса, не зрит Бога вовсе.

Слуг Розни с моралью двойной звал Христос «ф|АРИС|еи». Науки бессутней творец АРИС|тотель — злой ÁРЕС, АРÉС|т душ — был им: чтивший Бога в речах, он отсек Главу эту от глаз, взяв опорой Всему зримый мир — часть без Целого, бренье без Вечности. Сущая на сем фундаменте как пустоте, дуб без Корня, наука мертва, с тем — бессильна явить Мир нам, чье Колесо в розни с Осью, Творцом, не вертúтся — и, мертвое, тайно для нас. Тайной было оно с тем Эйнштейну: прозреть Абсолютность — Мир Вечность — не смог он, зря лишь относительность: бренный сей мир, Мира тень.

Зная то, Миру я возвращаю Творца: Колесу — Ось его. То — возврат очей от Сатаны, Розни, к Богу, Единому, от Аристотеля — к корню без порчи, Платону, целящий в очах горний ток — реку Знанья разъятую. Столп ее цельной — Луна, Ось очей и трон Бога. Мнясь мертвым придатком Земли, в очах горних она — Мать ее: САТ|еллит как SAT, Истина (санскр.), сущих Жизнь. Бренных глаз дыра, в вечных Луна — Огнь-Любовь, главный нам, точка сборки Всего: в небе — Центр его, в оке — зрачок. Знать Луну, Корень, нам — ведать всё.

Жизнь — Вселенная, Мир: Божье Целое как Состав наш, Корень древ сущих, капль Океан. В своем «Логико-философском трактате» Людвиг Витгенштейн говорит о Вселенной и языке людей, данном им Богом к Познанью, как паре единых, в которой логическая структура языка тождественна онтологической структуре Мира. С тем, Речь — видность Мира и Мир сам: от Бога, Истока, Река, Суть РЕКУ|щих; из Мира составлены, Речью составлены мы. О том сказано: «Смерть и жизнь — во власти языка, и любящие его вкусят от плодов его» (Прит. 18:21).

В речи — Мир, Предмет главный наш; речь — и есть Мир. С тем, попытки созданья Единой теории Поля — Вселенной, Простора очей и Стези душ к Творцу — тщетны в физике, знании т|РУП|ном: Природе, безглавой трудом Аристотеля, форме (санскр. РУП|а) бессутней. Теории сей Оплот — Речь: Мир в устах, Полнота.

Опорные пункты Теории

1. Единой теории Поля Предмет — Мир (Вселенная), Бога Дитя: Лоно сущих, Простор их и к Богу Стезя.
2. Бог — Любовь, Сила сил сущих; Мир — Сила эта как Плод.
3. Мир есть Всё, Абсолютность; мир сей — относительность:  бренье как Вечности — Мира, Огня — тень.
4. Ошибка Эйнштейна: Теорию Мира взыскуя, явил он труд мира сего: без Огня тени как тьмы безлунной.
5. Единство Сего и Того, Мир, дано нам их скрепой, Луною как ликом Творца в мире сем. Зримый мир — колесо на Оси, Луне; Ось Мира полного — Бог.
6. Люди Мира — разумные Богом Антропы Сего и Того как ряд их, Луной цельный; Земли человек — часть его.
7. Мир без Бога, науки дней новых кумир — безголов; цельный Мир — ныне Тайна. Лишь Слово, сосуд Всего, явит его нам. Познанье — Любовь: С|ЛОВ|о слов, душ LOV|E’ц, коим жив че’LOVE’к.

The Chapelle Notre-Dame-du-Haut in Ronchamp designed by Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, also known as Le Corbusier, has been studied, analyzed and explored by architects, theorists and historians ever since it was completed. Despite these studies, scholars have paid little attention to the east wall of the chapel as a unique architectural element. An important and iconic element within this project, it is distinguished by the turning statue of the Virgin Mary set in a cabinet within the wall and surrounded by small openings allowing light into the chapel. While the moving statue had always been part of the original design, the small openings -- the stars -- were not. Somehow and sometime the eastern wall became a sky when, at the beginning of construction, it was a wall. The story began with Le Corbusier’s slow design process, which allowed him to develop an evolving vision even after a design was finalized. His creative process allowed him to envision the building as a full scale model,...

The Annual Mary Lou Fulton Mentored Research Conference showcases some of the best student research from the College of Family, Home, and Social Sciences. The mentored learning program encourages undergraduate students to participate in hands-on and practical research under the direction of a faculty member. Students create these posters as an aide in presenting the results of their research to the public, faculty, and their peers.

Complex karyotypes are seen in approximately 15% of de novo MDS/AML and in up to 50% of therapy-related MDS/AML. These patients represent a therapeutic challenge for which no current treatment approach is satisfactory. Therefore, a large number of genetic studies using cytogenetic molecular techniques have been performed to better define the chromosomal abnormalities in this poor-prognosis group. On the basis of the available data from several studies of AML with complex karyotypes, similar findings on recurrent breakpoints and frequently lost and gained chromosomal regions have been observed. The most frequent rearrangements, in all the published series, were unbalanced translocations leading to loss of chromosomal material. Overall, loss of 5q and/or 7q chromosomal material seemed the more common event, and losses of 5q, 7q, and 17p in combination were observed in many cases. Overrepresented chromosomal material from 8q, 11q23, 21q and 22q was found recurrently and in several cases this was due to the amplification of the MLL (located at 11q23) and AML1/RUNX1 (located at 22q22) genes. As a result of these findings, the presence of MLL copy gain/amplifications or losses of the short arm of chromosome 17, in association with 5/5q, have been found to be indicators of an extremely poor prognosis. Interestingly, this non-random pattern of DNA gains and losses, that characterizes AML cases with complex karyotypes, affects the gene expression pattern, and a specific expression profile, characterized by the upregulation of genes involved in the DNA repair and chromosome segregation pathways, has been recently reported. Therefore, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of patients with AML or MDS with complex karyotypes has led to a better characterization of chromosomal aberrations. These specific alterations could be used in the near future as therapeutic targets or markers for the risk stratification of patients, detection of minimal residual disease and the development of new therapeutic interventions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

We present a portable automatic instrument for monitoring night sky brightness and atmospherical transparency in astronomical photometrical bands. Main requirements were: fast and automatic coverage of the entire sky, lightness, transportability and quick set-up in order to take measurements from more sites in the same night, easily available commercial components and software to be reproduced by any interested institution, included amateurs astronomers groups.

Since Vaughan’s seminal work (1996; 1999), social scientists have shown that risk is not an objective fact but it is rather a social construction defined by subjects and grounded on their actual experience and local contingencies (Catino, 2004). Drawing on this theoretical framework the paper presents some findings of an ethnographic research concerning Air Traffic Control Officers (ATCOs) working in four different air traffic control facilities in Italy. As other professionals in High Reliability Organisations (HROs), ATCOs have to provide real-time risk analysis and safety assessment (Vaughan, 2002), while coordinating with pilots and other controllers, both inside and outside their facility, with the possibility of harmful consequences in case of mistakes. A practice-based study of situated action (Suchman, 1987; Vaughan, 1998; Bruni, Gherardi, 2007) has been adopted in order to understand how ATCOs approach to risk, making sense of what they see on the radar, detecting and interpreting signals of potential danger and promptly correcting possible anomalies (Vaughan, 2002). To this end, we looked at the interactions between professionals and technological artifacts, team working and cooperative practices, processes of communication and coordination. The attention will be focused on the ‘creative use’ of technological artifacts, the role of local knowledge and scripts in the process of sensemaking (Weick, 1995), labeling, the importance of social redundancy and proactive behaviours, the institutional evolution in favour of a no blame culture, but also the leeway of ‘negotiation’ between the safety first culture and the optimization of air traffic fluidity.

This paper presents a statistical comparative study of eight important parametric broadband clear sky models, against Meteosat-derived data, to estimate solar hourly direct normal irradiance (DNI) for four Moroccan arid zone sites. To achieve this aim, four sites well spread across this climatic zone were selected, and four references days were chosen. The statistical parameters such as relative mean bias error (rMBE), the relative root mean square error (rRMSE), and the determination coefficient are calculated. According to these results, the Bird model produces acceptable estimates with 62.5% of good results of rMBE ranging between 0 and 6%; 25% of average results of rRMSE ranging between 11% and 14%, and 62.5% of good results of ranging between 0.90 and 0.96. The comparison of both means of DNI, calculated and measured for a given site and day of reference, using the paired t-test, states that for a level of significance of 1%, the Bird model and the REST2 model give in the quart...

Abstract : A new computer efficient, entropy-based filter for spatial resolution improvement in images has been developed. The method, Filtered Entropy Restoration, has been applied to images constructed from IRAS telescope data. The restored images typically exhibit a factor of four improvement in spatial resolution. This work required development of a compute-efficient image construction algorithm, as the IRAS data is not in image format. Image construction required several important preprocessing steps. Development of FIER, image construction, and pre-processing algorithms are all described. IRAS is an acronym for the Infra-Red Astronomical Satellite, and the IRAS mission, a joint undertaking of the United States (50%), the Netherlands (40%), and Great Britain (10%). IRAS was launched on 26 January 1983 and collected IR sky data continuously from 9 February 1983 through 23 November 1983, at which time the cryogen had been depleted. The primary IRAS objective was to perform a complete, very sensitive survey of the entire sky in four wavelength bands centered at 12, 25, 60, and 100 micron (also referred to as IRAS Bands 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively). Completeness of the IRAS survey was limited only by interruptions during passages through the South Atlantic Anomaly and a lunar avoidance strategy which was necessary to minimize thermal loading.

We now have several decades of experience in deriving vertical ozone profiles from the measurements of diffuse ultraviolet radiation by both ground and satellite-based instruments using Umkehr and BUV techniques. Continuing technological advances are pushing the state-of-the-art of these measurements to high spectral resolution and broader wavelength coverage. These modern instruments include the ground-based Brewer and satellite-based Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) instruments, as well as advanced instruments being developed by ESA(SCIAMACHY), Netherlands(OMI) and Japan(ODUS). However, one of the issues that remains unresolved is the 0-30 km ozone profile information retrievable from these measurements. Though it is commonly believed that both the Umkehr and the satellite-based BUV techniques have very limited profile information below 30 km, there are those who argue that the data from these instruments should continue to be reported in this altitude range for they comp...

Spatial object association, also referred to as crossmatch of spatial datasets, is the problem of identifying and comparing objects in two or more datasets based on their positions in a common spatial coordinate system. In this work, we evaluate two crossmatch algorithms that are used for astronomical sky surveys, on the following database system architecture configurations: (1) Netezza Performance Server(®), a parallel database system with active disk style processing capabilities, (2) MySQL Cluster, a high-throughput network database system, and (3) a hybrid configuration consisting of a collection of independent database system instances with data replication support. Our evaluation provides insights about how architectural characteristics of these systems affect the performance of the spatial crossmatch algorithms. We conducted our study using real use-case scenarios borrowed from a large-scale astronomy application known as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST).

Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with characteristic clinical, immunophenotypic, cytological and histological features. Some karyotypic abnormalities have been related to this disorder and most of them are usually ...

CHFR is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and an early mitotic checkpoint protein implicated in many cancers and in the maintenance of genomic stability. To analyze the role of CHFR in genomic stability, by siRNA, we decreased its expression in genomically stable MCF10A cells. Lowered CHFR expression quickly led to increased aneuploidy due to many mitotic defects. First, we confirmed that CHFR interacts with the mitotic kinase Aurora A to regulate its expression. Furthermore, we found that decreased CHFR led to disorganized multipolar mitotic spindles. This was supported by the finding that CHFR interacts with alpha-tubulin and can regulate its ubiquitination in response to nocodazole and the amount of acetylated alpha-tubulin, a component of the mitotic spindle. Finally, we found a novel CHFR interacting protein, the spindle checkpoint protein MAD2. Decreased CHFR expression resulted in the mislocalization of both MAD2 and BUBR1 during mitosis and impaired MAD2/CDC20 complex formation. Furthe...

A physically-oriented statistical prediction of sky-noise temperature intercepted by ground Deep-Space antennas has been developed, based on simulations obtained by using a radiative transfer model approaching the electromagnetic propagation in a scattering medium. A model dependent on attenuation, frequency and elevation angle is proposed for describing the atmospheric mean radiative temperature, which relates sky-noise temperature to attenuation. Model validity ranges from X to lower W band for space research allocated bands and for elevations between 10 deg and 90 degrees.

ABSTRACT The column-averaged, dry air mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 (XCO2 and XCH4, respectively) were retrieved from short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectra observed by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). Continuous measurements of SWIR spectra have been made via GOSAT since 2009, but there has been insufficient investigation of the effects of cirrus clouds and aerosols on the observations. In this work, we investigated the influences of aerosols and cirrus clouds on the differences between GOSAT observations and Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) data for XCO2 and XCH4 (ΔXCO2 and ΔXCH4) at three sites: Tsukuba and Saga in Japan, and Lauder in New Zealand. We used aerosol optical thickness (AOT), Angstrom exponents (AEs), and single scattering albedo (SSA), all obtained from sky radiometer observations, as well as vertical profiles of aerosols and thin cirrus clouds from lidar observations. Matchups were performed within ±0.1° latitude/longitude rectangular areas of each TCCON site, and within 30 min of the GOSAT overpass time. The results show a negative slope between ΔXCO2 and AOT at 500 nm determined from sky radiometer data at Tsukuba and Saga. The GOSAT XCO2 values tended to be lowered in the presence of cirrus clouds and dense boundary-layer aerosols. Moreover, a significant negative ΔXCO2 was observed at times of large AOTs that resulted from dust-like events. At Lauder, ΔXCO2 was negatively correlated with the AOT at 500 nm, although the AOT at this site was generally small. The mean ± standard deviation for ΔXCO2 and ΔXCH4 at Lauder are −0.80 ± 1.83 (ppm) and −5.27 ± 10.79 (ppb) with correlation coefficients r between GOSAT and TCCON of 0.94 and 0.83, respectively. Both ΔXCO2 and ΔXCH4 were significantly and negatively correlated with the AOT during Sep-Oct-Nov. In addition, stratospheric aerosols caused large negative biases of ΔXCO2 and ΔXCH4 at Lauder despite the small stratospheric aerosol optical depth at that site.

When comparing ditital simulations with experimental field measurements, we often find references associated with a large margin of uncertainty. In other words, to what degree do the results come close to the real situations studied? Indeed, a number of research studies attest to the significant difference between the two simulated and real situations. This work consists of two comparative experiments: i) Comparison between the results of the digital simulation of the levels of illuminance on a work plan carried out by the two software Radiance 2 BETA and Ecotect5.5., As well as ii) Comparison of the results obtained by a digital simulation of the levels of illuminance on a work plan carried out by means of two software programs, namely Radiance 2 BETA and Ecotect 5.5. A simulation by models (models) under a clear sunny sky. The results obtained prove differencees in the comparison. The most important ones are presented by the discrepancies between the data measureed and simulated b...

Project ASTRO is a national program that partners professional and amateur astronomers with local educators at regional sites around the country. Developed by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Project ASTRO provides training for astronomer-educator partnerships in hands-on, inquiry-based science activities while emphasizing the importance of student preconceptions as a starting point for learning. During an intensive two-day training workshop, a partnership is forged that blends the teacher's knowledge of instructional methods and classroom management with the astronomer's knowledge of and passion for science and astronomy. The regional sites' directors and coordinators are part of a ``National Network'' whose aims are to foster communication and cooperation among its members and with other science education and research communities. Nationwide, over 500 active astronomer-educator partnerships bring the excitement of astronomy to over 20,000 students ...

The TopHat telescope was flown on a Long Duration Balloon (LDB) flight from McMurdo Station, Antarctica, on 4 January 2001. The telescope made repeated observations of a patch comprising ˜6% of the sky, centered on the South Celestial Pole (SCP), over ˜4 sidereal days. The observations were made in five frequency bands centered at 175, 245, 400, 460, and 630 GHz. Maps of the observing region were produced in each channel. This thesis gives an overview of the design and flight performance of the TopHat instrument, with particular attention to the thermal system and the pointing sensors. The data analysis pipeline for the Antarctic flight data is described, with particular emphasis on the pointing model reconstruction, fast map-making techniques, instrument signal contamination, and in-flight noise properties of the instrument. A thorough CMB power spectrum analysis demonstrates that the experiment was unable to make an internally consistent CMB measurement. Finally, the data are analyzed to find the integrated spectra relative to the background of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) and the star forming region 30-Doradus in the LMC, in combination with data from the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE). These spectra are fit to a single-component greybody emission model and best-fit dust temperatures, optical depths, and emissivity power-law indices are reported and compared with other measurements in these regions.