Using Bass' (1990) framework of transactional and transformational leadership, this research investigated the employees' perceptions of the prevalent leadership style among Malaysian managers and its impact on organizational... more
Using Bass' (1990) framework of transactional and transformational leadership, this research investigated the employees' perceptions of the prevalent leadership style among Malaysian managers and its impact on organizational commitment. The Malaysian society with its social complexity has much to offer to the understanding of culture's effect on leadership style and organizational commitment. Data were collected in a survey on a sample of 40 respondents chosen among employees working in cargo companies. Results showed that leadership tends to be more transformational than transactional. Evidence supporting a positive relation between transformational and transactional leadership and organizational commitment has been found.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate factors that influenced Malaysia’s Gen Y consumers’ behavioral intention to purchase halal food in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative method was adopted in this study and responses... more
Purpose This study aims to investigate factors that influenced Malaysia’s Gen Y consumers’ behavioral intention to purchase halal food in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative method was adopted in this study and responses were obtained from 110 Gen Y consumers in Malaysia. Findings Using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), the results showed that subjective norms and perceived behavioral control influenced behavioral intention among Gen Y consumers to purchase halal food, while attitude did not play a significant role in the purchase of halal food products among Gen Y consumers. Research limitations/implications This study adopts a cross-sectional research design and examines the opinions of consumers at only one point in time. Future research also may look upon halal awareness toward other products in a broader geographical area and in other different culture. Longitudinal research design and a bigger sample size should be conducted in futu...
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This study pertains to the use of the brand personality measurement framework as a means to investigate the pervasiveness of Starbucks, a foreign branded coffee outlet, in Malaysia. A survey was performed to obtain 261 consumer... more
This study pertains to the use of the brand personality measurement framework as a means to investigate the pervasiveness of Starbucks, a foreign branded coffee outlet, in Malaysia. A survey was performed to obtain 261 consumer perceptions and opinions regarding the corporate branding ofa foreign coffee outlet brand in Malaysia. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires from respondents in various cities throughout Malaysia using purposive and convenience sampling methods. Statistical analysis, including factor and reliability analysis, has been applied in order to statistically validate the findings of this research. The results of the analysis indicate that consumers identify Starbuck's to be distinctive and a confident brand.
The benefit of exercise in inducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) functions in relation to cognition had been reported. Nevertheless, the ambiguity remains with regards to the types of exercise and the duration of exercise... more
The benefit of exercise in inducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) functions in relation to cognition had been reported. Nevertheless, the ambiguity remains with regards to the types of exercise and the duration of exercise required for one to have beneficial effects. In this study, we aimed to analyse the effects of varying modes of exercises and the duration required to improve BDNF functions, specifically in the young adults. The types of exercises evaluated in the meta-analysis include (1) single bout of acute aerobic exercise, (2) repeated and frequent sessions of aerobic exercise (program exercise) over a course of several weeks, and (3) resistance training. Only a single bout of acute aerobic exercise (z=4.92, p=0.00001) is sufficient to cause an increase in BDNF following exercise intervention, while program exercise (z=1.02, p=0.31) and resistance training (z=0.92, p=0.36) demonstrated inconsistencies, some exhibited significant increase in BDNF levels while other...
Dicranopteris linearis leaf has been reported to exert antinociceptive activity. The present study elucidates the possible mechanisms of antinociception modulated by the methanol extract of D. linearis leaves (MEDL) using various mouse... more
Dicranopteris linearis leaf has been reported to exert antinociceptive activity. The present study elucidates the possible mechanisms of antinociception modulated by the methanol extract of D. linearis leaves (MEDL) using various mouse models. The extract (25, 150, and 300 mg/kg) was administered orally to mice for 30 min priot to subjection to the acetic acid-induced writhing-, hot plate- or formalin-test to establish the antinociceptive profile of MEDL. The most effective dose was then used in the elucidation of possible mechanisms of action stage. The extract was also subjected to the phytochemical analyses. The results confirmed that MEDL exerted significant (p < 0.05) antinociceptive activity in those pain models as well as the capsaicin-, glutamate-, bradykinin- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced paw licking model. Pretreatment with naloxone (a non-selective opioid antagonist) significantly (p < 0.05) reversed MEDL effect on thermal nociception. Only l-arg...
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A nationwide investigation into stress among teachers in the United Kingdom, found teachers to be reporting stress-related problems which were far higher than those of the population norms and other comparable occupational groups. Job... more
A nationwide investigation into stress among teachers in the United Kingdom, found teachers to be reporting stress-related problems which were far higher than those of the population norms and other comparable occupational groups. Job stress can be influenced by personal factors (Matteson & Ivancevich, 1999). The present study examined the role of demographic variables as the moderator between organizational variables and job stress. A sample size of 177 teachers participated in this study revealed that teachers in Tawau and Lahad Datu experienced low stress levels. This study found that demographic variables do not serve as the moderator between organizational variables and job stress.
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This study pertains to the use of the brand personality measurement framework as a means to investigate the pervasiveness of Starbucks, a foreign branded coffee outlet, in Malaysia. A survey was performed to obtain 261 consumer... more
This study pertains to the use of the brand personality measurement framework as a means to investigate the pervasiveness of Starbucks, a foreign branded coffee outlet, in Malaysia. A survey was performed to obtain 261 consumer perceptions and opinions regarding the corporate branding of a foreign coffee outlet brand in Malaysia. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires from respondents in various cities throughout Malaysia using purposive and convenience sampling methods. Statistical analysis, including factor and reliability analysis, has been applied in order to statistically validate the findings ofthis research. The results of the analysis indicate that consumers identify Starbuck's to be distinctive and a confident brand.