Income inequality is an enduring issue and an important one to address, especially in the new era of digital transformation, as it is a crucial element in promoting persistent income inequality. The theory is that while financial... more
Income inequality is an enduring issue and an important one to address, especially in the new era of digital transformation, as it is a crucial element in promoting persistent income inequality. The theory is that while financial development promotes economic growth, the mixed explanations of previous studies show that this does not always help low-income people in emerging economies. Moreover, the effects of globalization may reinforce motives and increase opportunities for international corrupt practices. It is, therefore, crucial to explore how corruption can be motivated by ineffective rules governing cross-border crimes and how technology can open up new avenues for corrupt behavior, for example by making it easier to find victims, accomplices and money. Profound socio-economic changes can also provide incentives and opportunities for corruption. This study examines how corruption and financial development affect the wealth gap in a developing country like Malaysia over the per...
Research Interests:
This study investigates how students in the Faculty of Business and Management at UiTM perceive the service quality dimensions of their lecturers during Open and Distance Learning (ODL). The study is unique because it is the first time... more
This study investigates how students in the Faculty of Business and Management at UiTM perceive the service quality dimensions of their lecturers during Open and Distance Learning (ODL). The study is unique because it is the first time UiTM implemented Open and Distance Learning (ODL) instead of the usual face-to-face learning, due to the Malaysian government’s instruction of Movement Control Order (MCO). The servqual model is used to calculate service quality dimensions such as reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, knowledge, and communication. Utilizing quantitative methodology, a survey questionnaire is used to collect data. The implication of this study for policymakers regarding the enhancement of ODL is to maximize student satisfaction by prioritizing essential dimensions. This study's findings can be utilized by ODL universities to enhance pedagogical dimension, management of atypical situations, academic service delivery, and quality, as well as to guide the i...
Research Interests:
This study aims to investigate the factors that influence BIMB customers' intention to utilise Sadaqa House, a digitalized Islamic crowdfunding platform. This study utilised the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a conceptual... more
This study aims to investigate the factors that influence BIMB customers' intention to utilise Sadaqa House, a digitalized Islamic crowdfunding platform. This study utilised the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a conceptual framework with four (4) independent variables, namely attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and religiosity, and one dependent variable, namely intention to use digitalized Islamic crowdfunding. BIMB clients in Selangor were sent an online questionnaire, Google Form, via several social media platforms. There was a total of 250 respondents collected. The findings revealed that subjective norm was the most influential factor in predicting consumer intention to use Sadaqa House BIMB. This was followed by an attitude indicating that supportive ideas from others, such as families, relatives, peers, and acquaintances, can influence the respondent's choice to utilise Sadaqa House. However, perceived behavioural control and religiosity hav...
Research Interests:
Total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosystems, and global economic growth. However, less research has examined the effect of economic depression on carbon dioxide emission (CO2),... more
Total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosystems, and global economic growth. However, less research has examined the effect of economic depression on carbon dioxide emission (CO2), especially in Malaysia. Thus, this study intents to examine the impact of the macroeconomic problems, namely unemployment (UNEMP) and the growing number of people: population (POP), on the CO2 emissions in Malaysia. The study analyzes the data for 28 years, covering the period of 1991–2019, employing a bound ARDL model as an estimation method. The time series data were sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators database. The finding from the study shows that CO2 emissions, POP, and UNEMP have a long-term cointegration. Under this situation, all variables indicated; UNEMP and POP lead to environmental degradation in Malaysia in the long run. The impact of both UNEMP and POP on CO2 emissions is positive. Moreover, it is also found that the damage o...
Research Interests:
Total carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosystems, and global economic growth. However, less research has examined the effect of economic depression on carbon dioxide emission (CO 2),... more
Total carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosystems, and global economic growth. However, less research has examined the effect of economic depression on carbon dioxide emission (CO 2), especially in Malaysia. Thus, this study intents to examine the impact of the macroeconomic problems, namely unemployment (UNEMP) and the growing number of people: population (POP), on the CO 2 emissions in Malaysia. The study analyzes the data for 28 years, covering the period of 1991-2019, employing a bound ARDL model as an estimation method. The time series data were sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators database. The finding from the study shows that CO 2 emissions, POP, and UNEMP have a long-term cointegration. Under this situation, all variables indicated; UNEMP and POP lead to environmental degradation in Malaysia in the long run. The impact of both UNEMP and POP on CO 2 emissions is positive. Moreover, it is also found that the damage of economic depression will take only around 1 year and a month on CO 2 emissions. Thus, based on this novel finding, a comprehensive set of economic policies is required to ensure our economy is in good condition and hence suggested for maintaining the environmental quality.
Research Interests:
Total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosystems, and global economic growth. However, less research has examined the effect of economic depression on carbon dioxide emission (CO2),... more
Total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are undoubtedly emitted to the environment, humans, ecosystems, and global economic growth. However, less research has examined the effect of economic depression on carbon dioxide emission (CO2), especially in Malaysia. Thus, this study intents to examine the impact of the macroeconomic problems, namely unemployment (UNEMP) and the growing number of people: population (POP), on the CO2 emissions in Malaysia. The study analyzes the data for 28 years, covering the period of 1991–2019, employing a bound ARDL model as an estimation method. The time series data were sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators database. The finding from the study shows that CO2 emissions, POP, and UNEMP have a long-term cointegration. Under this situation, all variables indicated; UNEMP and POP lead to environmental degradation in Malaysia in the long run. The impact of both UNEMP and POP on CO2 emissions is positive. Moreover, it is also found that the damage o...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The aim of this empirical study is to explore the factors that affect the capital structure of construction firms and to investigate whether the capital structure models derived from Western settings provide convincing explanations for... more
The aim of this empirical study is to explore the factors that affect the capital structure of construction firms and to investigate whether the capital structure models derived from Western settings provide convincing explanations for capital structure decisions of the Malaysia firms. This study focuses on Shariah compliant construction companies since this industry has been contributing significantly towards Malaysia economic growth. In addition, this study also includes the impact of financial crisis towards firms’ capital structure decision. Panel data from 11 Shariah compliant construction companies in Malaysia were analyzed for duration of 17 years (2001-2017). Different conditional theories of capital structure are reviewed i.e. trade‐off theory, pecking order theory, agency theory, and theory of free cash flow, in order to formulate testable propositions concerning the determinants of capital structure of the construction firms. The dependent variable that being used is debt...
This paper aims to explore the readiness of takaful operators to integrate waqf as part of their product feature by assessing on the components of as proposed in the New Product Development Model: marketing supports; formalized... more
This paper aims to explore the readiness of takaful operators to integrate waqf as part of their product feature by assessing on the components of as proposed in the New Product Development Model: marketing supports; formalized development process and top management supports. Questionnaire was employed in this survey and takaful operators’ employees who involved in product development were selected such as actuaries, business development managers and their executives. Unexpectedly, several takaful operators withdrew from participating in the survey (it was last minute) – which is limitation in this study. Accordingly, it caused the use of non-parametric tests in this study since the data is not normally distributed. Spearman rank correlation shows that formalized development process is the significant factor that influenced the readiness of the takaful operators to integrate waqf in their products. However, the other two independent variables which are marketing supports and top man...
Financial stability is important to the economy to ensure economy growth as well the sustainability of the financial system itself. One of the critical components of financial stability is the stability in the banking sectors,... more
Financial stability is important to the economy to ensure economy growth as well the sustainability of the financial system itself. One of the critical components of financial stability is the stability in the banking sectors, particularly for countries with dual banking system. The banking system is the most develop sectors in the financial sectors and thus the critical components of financial system for countries with dual banking system. Thus, there is an urgent need for a review of the current measures of bank stability. This paper aims to critically review the measures of bank stability in the selected countries with dual banking systems. This review includes the commonly used definition of bank stability, indicators used as a measure of bank stability. The review of bank stability measures is divided into principle-based measures and theoretical based measures. This review contributes to the literature by offering more details analysis on the determinants of bank stability, pa...
Research Interests:
The present study provides new empirical evidence of bank stability measures for 50 banks in Malaysia, for a period from 1999 to 2015. There are two methods of measuring bank stability that is using Z-score and CAMELS variables. After... more
The present study provides new empirical evidence of bank stability measures for 50 banks in Malaysia, for a period from 1999 to 2015. There are two methods of measuring bank stability that is using Z-score and CAMELS variables. After calculating, these variables are ranked, with the highest average is ranked as one, and the lowest average is ranked last, or fifty. This is following the method by (Roman and Procedia Economics and Finance, 6(13), 703–712 Roman and Şargu 2013) and (Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1530–1545 Dincer et al. 2011) and extending it by introducing the average of total ranking for all variables. The empirical findings suggest that both local Islamic and conventional banks are ranked favourable in overall average bank stability score, sensitivity to market risk, asset quality, earning and profitability, but local conventional banks are recorded favourable ranking in liquidity. Comparing the two types of local banks, conventional banks are ranked b...
Research Interests:
The present study, grounded in theory of financial intermediation, provides new empirical evidence on comparison of bank stability measures between Islamic and conventional banks in the MENA region. Specifically, 77 commercial banks and... more
The present study, grounded in theory of financial intermediation, provides new empirical evidence on comparison of bank stability measures between Islamic and conventional banks in the MENA region. Specifically, 77 commercial banks and 54 Islamic banks from Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Egypt are considered focusing on the sample period of 1999-2015. The study adopts z-score as a measure of bank stability, while an independent two samples t-test with unequal variance was used to test the significance of the differences between the bank stability of the two banking models, namely Islamic and conventional banks. The sample period is further divided into three sub-periods, namely, before the global financial crisis (1999-2006), during the global financial crisis (2007-2009) and after the global financial crisis (2010-2015) so as to gain more detail findings on the impact of the global financial crisis on the banks’ stability. Findings of this study con...
Research Interests:
This article discusses the sustainability of an Islamic CSR programs by assessing the satisfaction and their quality of life. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with the beneficiaries of the CSR programs through the... more
This article discusses the sustainability of an Islamic CSR programs by assessing the satisfaction and their quality of life. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with the beneficiaries of the CSR programs through the platform established by the bank, Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad which is known as the Sadaqa House. Three key informants or key informants had been selected who represented their institutions and received assistance from the CSR programs. The interviews data were analyzed using the content analysis method. Findings showed that Sadaqa House as a platform that managing the CSR programs has managed to improve the quality of life and being sustainable. This study is constrained by a small sample of key informants however the saturation of information or data is achieved as per the objectives of the study. Moreover, the key informants who were selected were relevant and appropriate for the study. Hence, able to provide meaningful insights and achieve the objec...
Research Interests:
The 2007-2009 Global Financial Crisis showed that despite reported as ‘healthy’ financial institution prior to crisis had indeed suffered many problems including liquidity during the crisis. Thus, there is confusion on the healthy... more
The 2007-2009 Global Financial Crisis showed that despite reported as ‘healthy’ financial institution prior to crisis had indeed suffered many problems including liquidity during the crisis. Thus, there is confusion on the healthy financial institutions, leading to loss of confidence on the overall stability of the banking system. Thus, there is an urgent need to review the current measures of financial as well as banking stability. This paper aims to look at the definition of ‘stability’ used in the academic researches and by different regulatory bodies, like International Monetary Fund, Basel Committee for Banking Supervision (BCBS) and central banks in selected countries with dual banking systems. It is then, critically review indicators used as measures of financial as well as banking stability. This review is hope to identify areas of strengths as well as weaknesses of the current measures of stability and serves as foundation for further research in future.
Research Interests:
Takaful operators are expected by the policyholders to act beyond the role of traditional insurance companies that only offer Shariah-compliant protection services. They are expected to be commercially viable. One of the ways to be... more
Takaful operators are expected by the policyholders to act beyond the role of traditional insurance companies that only offer Shariah-compliant protection services. They are expected to be commercially viable. One of the ways to be commercially viable is takaful operators must be able to invest the policyholders' funds in the profitable investment avenues. Nevertheless, the critical issue before investing the funds is to develop products that are suitable with the takaful operators' investment strategy. This study employed a questionnaire survey to gather the feedback of fund managers from 11 takaful operators in Malaysia — all were the senior staffs of takaful operators in Malaysia were surveyed. The questionnaire is developed in the form of a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 as the research instrument. By Delphi technique, the draft of the questionnaire was sent to a panel of experts for review, was adopted, and their feedback reflected in the final questionnaire. The expe...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Bank stability is of paramount importance in the growth of the economy, sustainability and going concern of the financial sector. Thus, it places high reliance on the measures to indicate the stability of the financial institution. There... more
Bank stability is of paramount importance in the growth of the economy, sustainability and going concern of the financial sector. Thus, it places high reliance on the measures to indicate the stability of the financial institution. There are many indicators used as measures for bank stability. However, the recent Global Financial Crisis showed that despite reports of ‘healthy’ financial institution prior to crisis, these institutions suffered many problems including liquidity, during the crisis. Thus, this led to confusion on reliance of important components of a healthy financial institutions as indicators, leading to loss of confidence on the overall stability of the financial system. Therefore, there is an urgent need for review of the current measures of bank stability that look at the indicators used as measures of banking stability across different jurisdictions. This study aims to develop bank stability index as a measure of bank stability in countries with dual banking system. This methodology rely on qualitative review of literatures and report produced by central banks of different jurisdictions. © 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.
Research Interests:
This paper provides new empirical evidence of the bank stability in relation to the macroeconomic indicator of Indonesia. The bank stability is first calculated using Z-score, and then regressed using Autoregressive distributive lag... more
This paper provides new empirical evidence of the bank stability in relation to the macroeconomic indicator of Indonesia. The bank stability is first calculated using Z-score, and then regressed using Autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model on the macroeconomic variables i.e. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in US dollar, Interest rates (IR) in percentage and Consumer Price Index (CPI). To analyse further the long run relationship and the impact of bank stability, Cholesky standard deviation shock to the model, ARDL and Impulse Response Function (IRF) are used. These ARDL and IRF are carried out independently and repeated over data for three different models: (i) the commercial banks model, (ii) Islamic banks model, and (iii) the overall banking industry model. The empirical findings suggest long run relationship between the stability of commercial banks and macroeconomic factors. The findings also suggest the long run relationship between the stability of overall banking industry ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The main objective of this study is to examine the nonlinear relationship between ownership concentration and firm value. The issue of dynamic endogeneity between the two variables is investigated in this study. Empirically, there is no... more
The main objective of this study is to examine the nonlinear relationship between ownership concentration and firm value. The issue of dynamic endogeneity between the two variables is investigated in this study. Empirically, there is no evidence of nonlinearity between ownership concentration and firm value. The result also suggests that dynamic endogeneity is not serious in influencing the relationship between ownership concentration and value of Malaysian firms.
Research Interests:
This paper examines the nonlinear relationship between debt and firm value in Malaysia. The issue of dynamic endogeneity in the determinant of the relationship between debt and firm value is also investigated in this paper. Based on the... more
This paper examines the nonlinear relationship between debt and firm value in Malaysia. The issue of dynamic endogeneity in the determinant of the relationship between debt and firm value is also investigated in this paper. Based on the sample consisting of 367 Malaysian firms listed on Bursa Malaysia for the period of 2007–2012, the study fails to find evidence on the nonlinearity between debt and firm value. It concludes that dynamic endogeneity does not influence the relationship between debt and firm value in the Malaysian firms.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This paper aims to investigate significant relation between exchange rates, macroeconomic fundamentals and international trade of a group of Asian countries from 1980 to 2009. International trade is imperative to the progress of... more
This paper aims to investigate significant relation between exchange rates, macroeconomic fundamentals and international trade of a group of Asian countries from 1980 to 2009. International trade is imperative to the progress of developing countries to induce investments and earn foreign exchange in this liberalized and globalized borderless world. Regression analyses reveal that market size and exchange rate play very important function in the promotion of international trade. Growth in population has significant negative effects on developed nations: Japan and Singapore, but has positive effects on the Philippines. Additionally, inflation rate affects the Philippines and India negatively, while financial market development is only marginally significant on total trade of Singapore and India. Results from the study present policy implications to emerging and developed Asian countries on strategies to facilitate international trade and enhance growth.
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT This paper investigates significant factors that improve international trade competitiveness of ASEAN5+4 countries. Due to worldwide liberalization and globalization policies which promote borderless flow of capital and goods,... more
ABSTRACT This paper investigates significant factors that improve international trade competitiveness of ASEAN5+4 countries. Due to worldwide liberalization and globalization policies which promote borderless flow of capital and goods, international trade is vital to the development of emerging nations in attracting investments and facilitating expansion. Results from this study uncover that exchange rate and economic growth play very significant role in improving trade competiveness and escalating cross-border trade. Inflation rate significantly affects India and the Philippines, while stock market only marginally affects trade of India and Singapore. Additionally, growth in population affects developed nations negatively as in Japan and Singapore but positively on the Philippines. This study provides policy propositions to developed and developing nations in the region on strategies to improve competitiveness, expand international trade and further enhance economic growth.
Research Interests:
Based on the theory of financial intermediation from both the perspective of original theory and the Islamic perspective, this paper aims to investigate the level of stability of the Islamic and the conventional banks. It also examines... more
Based on the theory of financial intermediation from both the perspective of original theory and the Islamic perspective, this paper aims to investigate the level of stability of the Islamic and the conventional banks. It also examines the different timing effects including the period of crisis on the stability of the Islamic and the conventional banks. The study evaluates 51 conventional banks and 50 Islamic banks in selected Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) using data from the Bankscope database over the period of 1999 to 2015. The study employs two-sample t-test with unequal variance t-test and the non-parametric Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test to compare i) mean of Islamic versus conventional banks over different timing period ii) mean of tested period versus other periods for each of the Islamic and conventional banks. The study suggests that the GCC Islamic banks are more stable compared to their conventional counterparts. However, in testing different timing period, only GCC conventional banks seem to be affected by the crisis period while Islamic banks are less prone to the crisis.. Findings of this study contribute to the literature and fill the gap towards extending the theory of financial intermediation through empirical works of investigating the stability of the Islamic and the conventional banks.