Lung cancer and cutaneous leishmaniasis are critical diseases with a relatively higher incidence in developing countries. In this research, the activity of Carissa macrocarpa leaf hydromethanolic extract and its solvent-fractions... more
Lung cancer and cutaneous leishmaniasis are critical diseases with a relatively higher incidence in developing countries. In this research, the activity of Carissa macrocarpa leaf hydromethanolic extract and its solvent-fractions (n-hexane, EtOAc, n-butanol, and MeOH) against the lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) and Leishmania major was investigated. The MeOH fraction exhibited higher cytotoxic activity (IC50 1.57 ± 0.04 μg/mL) than the standard drug, etoposide (IC50 50.8 ± 3.16 μg/mL). The anti-L. major results revealed strong growth inhibitory effects of the EtOAc fraction against L. major promastigotes (IC50 27.52 ± 0.7 μg/mL) and axenic amastigotes (29.33 ± 4.86% growth inhibition at 100 μg/mL), while the butanol fraction exerted moderate activity against promastigotes (IC50 73.17 ± 1.62), as compared with miltefosine against promastigotes (IC50 6.39 ± 0.29 μg/mL) and sodium stibogluconate against axenic amastigotes (IC50 22.45 ± 2.22 μg/mL). A total of 102 compounds were te...
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Citrus fruits are among the most important economical crops, because of their nutritional value, medicinal importance, and unique flavor. Gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the hydro-distilled oil from the root resulted in the... more
Citrus fruits are among the most important economical crops, because of their nutritional value, medicinal importance, and unique flavor. Gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the hydro-distilled oil from the root resulted in the identification of 110 compounds with germacrene B (22%), aromadendrene (21.6%), α-santalene (7.1%), geijerene (4,81%), germacrene D (4.3%), and limonene (3.4%) as major constituents. In addition, chemical profiling the dichloromethane fraction of the root analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array detector-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry afforded the identification of 43 compounds belonging to acridone alkaloids, coumarins, and flavonoids. Moreover, xanthyletin, citracridone I and II, clausarin, O-methylcitrusinine-I, and grandisinine were isolated as major metabolites using column chromatography and characterized depending on different spectroscopic techniques. Xanthyletin and citracridone I were investigated for th...
Chemotherapeutic-related toxicity exacerbates the increasing death rate among cancer patients, necessitating greater efforts to find a speedy solution. An in vivo assessment of the protective effect of the C. macrocarpa leaves polar... more
Chemotherapeutic-related toxicity exacerbates the increasing death rate among cancer patients, necessitating greater efforts to find a speedy solution. An in vivo assessment of the protective effect of the C. macrocarpa leaves polar fraction of hydromethanolic extract against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced neurotoxicity was performed. Intriguingly, this fraction ameliorated Dox-induced cognitive dysfunction; reduced serum ROS and brain TNF-α levels, upregulated the brain nerve growth factor (NGF) levels, markedly reduced caspase-3 immunoexpression, and restored the histological architecture of the brain hippocampus. The in vivo study results were corroborated with a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling that revealed the presence of a high percentage of the plant polyphenolics. Molecular modeling of several identified molecules in this fraction demonstrated a strong binding affinity of flavan-3-ol derivatives with TACE enzymes, in agreement with the experimental in vivo neuroprotective activity. In c...
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Aging has become a concern for many people, especially women. Given that high-quality anti-aging products are of high cost; it has imperative to search for other economical sources. Essential oils are frequently used in cosmetics products... more
Aging has become a concern for many people, especially women. Given that high-quality anti-aging products are of high cost; it has imperative to search for other economical sources. Essential oils are frequently used in cosmetics products due to a wide range of biological activities as well as their pleasant odor. The current study aimed to investigate the biochemical effect of the cosmetic potential of selected Apiaceous essential oils, traditionally used for skincare, by evaluating their anti-wrinkle activity. It is worth noting that, coriander essential oil showed the highest collagenase, elastase, tyrosinase, and hyaluronidase inhibitory activities compared to other Apiaceous oils (fennel, anise, and cumin). GC–MS proved that coriander essential oil showed a very high level of oxygenated monoterpenes, with linalool (81.29%) as the most abundant constituent. Intriguingly, coriander oil cream and Coriander Essential Oil-loaded Lipid Nanoparticles (CEOLNs) formulations attenuated i...
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This study was conducted to explore the potential cardioprotective and anti-depressive effects of dichloromethane fractions of Morus macroura leaves and stem branches on post-myocardial infarction depression induced by isoprenaline in... more
This study was conducted to explore the potential cardioprotective and anti-depressive effects of dichloromethane fractions of Morus macroura leaves and stem branches on post-myocardial infarction depression induced by isoprenaline in rats in relation to their metabolites.
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A comparative study of the essential oils isolated from the leaf and fruit peel of Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni) was carried out using gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and GLC/mass analysis (MS). Over 140 components were observed in... more
A comparative study of the essential oils isolated from the leaf and fruit peel of Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni) was carried out using gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and GLC/mass analysis (MS). Over 140 components were observed in GLC/MS, of which 123 could be identified. 112 compounds were quantitatively analyzed in the leaf oil with linalool as a major component. The total identified components in the fruit peel oil were 69 and limonene was the most prominent. Cleopatra mandarin volatile components showed high anti-inflammatory activity represented by its effect on tumour necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide. They also showed significant anti-microbial activities against most common Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and some fungi. Key words: Cleopatra mandarin, essential oils, gas liquid chromatography (GLC),GLC/mass analysis (MS), anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial.
Plants and plant products are used in food and medicine for thousands of years ago. It was thought that natural means safe, but this is not always the case as many plants or plant constituents are toxic or even poisonous especially those... more
Plants and plant products are used in food and medicine for thousands of years ago. It was thought that natural means safe, but this is not always the case as many plants or plant constituents are toxic or even poisonous especially those containing cardiac, cyanogenic, and thio-glycosides and certain types of alkaloids. Toxic natural products may cause hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, renal toxicity, and cytotoxicity. Analysis of toxic plants and plant constituents is facing a great challenge because of their different chemical and physicochemical properties. Novel extraction techniques have been proposed such as ultrasonic-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and accelerated solvent extraction. In this chapter, we will have an overview of some of the toxic plants and phytochemicals as well as the methods for their qualitative and quantitative analysis.
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Essential oil (EO) of different organs of S. molle growing in Egypt were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the fruit, leaf, stem and flower EO; 45, 67, 76 and 60 compounds were... more
Essential oil (EO) of different organs of S. molle growing in Egypt were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the fruit, leaf, stem and flower EO; 45, 67, 76 and 60 compounds were identified, respectively where α-phellandrene (25.55%), β-eudesmol (10.34%), myrcene (15.28%) and p-cymene (25.55%), were the major compounds of these organs, respectively. p-Cymene was used as external standard for quantification of major oil components using GC-FID. In vitro cytotoxic activity was carried out using MTT assay against human colon (HCT-116), hepatocellular (HepG-2) and breast (MCF-7) carcinomas. Doxorubicin was used as positive control. Fruit oil is the most potent against HCT-116 and HepG-2, with IC50 values of 1.15 and 0.95 μg, respectively while flower oil is the most potent against MCF-7 (IC50 0.98 μg). Authentic samples of α-phellandrene, myrcene and limonene exhibited high cytotoxic activity against all tested cell lines while ...
Comparative study of the essential oils isolated from fruit peel, leaf and flowers of navel orange ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck var. malesy) was carried out using gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and gas liquid chromatography/mass... more
Comparative study of the essential oils isolated from fruit peel, leaf and flowers of navel orange ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck var. malesy) was carried out using gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and gas liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (GLC/MS). A total of two hundred components were identified and quantified. The major component in the ripe and unripe fruit peel oils was limonene with 80.14 and 80.93%, respectively. In the leaf oil, terpinen-4-ol was the prominent compound (14.1%). The hydrodistilled oil and hexane-ether extract of the flower afforded 92 and 34 identified components, respectively. Sabinene followed by limonene were represented in higher amount in both flower hydrodistilled oil and its hexane-ether extract. Navel orange var. malesy volatile components exhibited high anti-inflammatory activity represented by its effect on tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide. They also showed significant insecticidal activity against the common home mosquito larvae and su...
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The Willows (genus Salix), with more than 330–500 species and 200 hybrids, are trees, shrubs or prostrate plants that are widely distributed in Africa, North America, Europe, and Asia. The genus is traditionally used in folk medicine and... more
The Willows (genus Salix), with more than 330–500 species and 200 hybrids, are trees, shrubs or prostrate plants that are widely distributed in Africa, North America, Europe, and Asia. The genus is traditionally used in folk medicine and represents a valuable source of biologically active compounds among them salicin, a prodrug for salicylic acid. Altogether, 322 secondary metabolites were characterized in the genus including flavonoids 94) (flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavan-3-ols (catechins and procyanidins), chalcones, dihydrochalcone, anthocyanins, dihydroflavonols), phenolic glycosides (76), organic acids (28), and non-phenolic glycosides (17), sterols and terpenes (17), simple phenolics 13) and lignans 7) in addition to volatiles and fatty acids (69). Furthermore, willows exert analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiobesity, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective activities. The current review provides...
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There have been no reports published on the rare Echinops taeckholmiana growing wildly in Egypt. So, this study aimed to preserve it through method optimization of in vitro seed germination, besides callus formation from induced... more
There have been no reports published on the rare Echinops taeckholmiana growing wildly in Egypt. So, this study aimed to preserve it through method optimization of in vitro seed germination, besides callus formation from induced seedlings. Chemical profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the n-hexane fraction afforded 29 identified components, mainly fatty acids esters, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, one thiophene, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electron spray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MS-MS) analysis of total alcoholic root and induced calli extracts resulted in 68 metabolites. Taraxeryl acetate, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol-3β-D-glucoside, and 1,1,1-kestopentaose were identified from the defatted root extract, which inhibited α-amylase (IC 50 54.6 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (60.4 μg/mL) enzymes compared with acarbose (IC 50 values of 30.57 and 34.71 μg/mL, respectively). Moreover, it showed mo...
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Utilizing bioassay- and TLC-guided column chromatography, fifteen secondary metabolites from Populus alba and eight compounds from Salix subserrata were isolated, including a novel plant metabolite salicyl ether and characterized using... more
Utilizing bioassay- and TLC-guided column chromatography, fifteen secondary metabolites from Populus alba and eight compounds from Salix subserrata were isolated, including a novel plant metabolite salicyl ether and characterized using ultralviolet light (UV) absorbance, mass spectrometry (MS), 1H-, 13C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC). The extracts, their sub-fractions and the isolated compounds exhibited promising antioxidant activities in vitro in DPPH and FRAP assays. Also, the extracts of P. alba leaf (PL), shoots (PS), and S. subserrata leaf (SL) demonstrated substantial antioxidant activities in vivo in the multicellular model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. For the first time, the isolated secondary metabolites, aromadendrin, tremuloidin, salicin, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-rutinoside, gallocatechin, triandrin, and chrysoeriol-7-O-glucuronide were investigated. They exhi...
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A comparative study of the essential oils isolated from the leaf and fruit peel of Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni) was carried out using gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and GLC/mass analysis (MS). Over 140 components were observed in... more
A comparative study of the essential oils isolated from the leaf and fruit peel of Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni) was carried out using gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and GLC/mass analysis (MS). Over 140 components were observed in GLC/MS, of which 123 could be identified. 112 compounds were quantitatively analyzed in the leaf oil with linalool as a major component. The total identified components in the fruit peel oil were 69 and limonene was the most prominent. Cleopatra mandarin volatile components showed high anti-inflammatory activity represented by its effect on tumour necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide. They also showed significant anti-microbial activities against most common Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and some fungi.
Anti-inflammatory, insecticidal and antimicrobial activities and chemical composition of the essential oils of different plant organs from navel orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck var. Malesy) grown in Egypt
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Column chromatography of the dichloromethane fraction from an aqueous methanolic extract of fruit peel of Citrus pyriformis Hassk. (Rutaceae) resulted in the isolation of seven compounds including one coumarin (citropten), two limonoids... more
Column chromatography of the dichloromethane fraction from an aqueous methanolic extract of fruit peel of Citrus pyriformis Hassk. (Rutaceae) resulted in the isolation of seven compounds including one coumarin (citropten), two limonoids (limonin and deacetylnomilin), and four sterols (stigmasterol, ergosterol, sitosteryl-3-beta-D-glucoside, and sitosteryl-6'-O-acyl-3-beta-D-glucoside). From the ethyl acetate fraction naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin were isolated. The dichloromethane extract of the defatted seeds contained three additional compounds, nomilin, ichangin, and cholesterol. The isolated compounds were identified by MS (EI, CI, and ESI), 1H, 13C, and 2D-NMR spectral data. The limonoids were determined qualitatively by LC-ESI/MS resulting in the identification of 11 limonoid aglycones. The total methanolic extract of the peel and the petroleum ether, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions were screened for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited a significant scavenging activity for DPPH free radicals (IC50 = 132.3 microg/mL). The petroleum ether fraction inhibited 5-lipoxygenase with IC50 = 30.6 microg/mL indicating potential anti-inflammatory properties. Limonin has a potent cytotoxic effect against COS7 cells [IC50 = (35.0 +/- 6.1) microM] compared with acteoside as a positive control [IC50 = (144.5 +/- 10.96) microM].
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"The volatile secondary metabolites of essential oils from fruit peel and leaves of variegated pink-fleshed lemon (Citrus x limon) were investigated using GLC and GLC-MS (gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy). Altogether 141... more
"The volatile secondary metabolites of essential oils from fruit peel and leaves of variegated pink-fleshed lemon (Citrus x limon) were investigated using GLC and GLC-MS (gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy). Altogether 141 compounds were identified and quantified, accounting for 99.59% and 96.33% of the total hydrodistilled peel and leaf oil, respectively. Limonene occurred in higher amounts in fruit peel (52.73%) than in leaf oil (29.13%). Neral (12.72%), neryl acetate (8.53%), p-menth-1-en-7-al (4.63%), beta-pinene (6.35%), and nerol (4.42%) were the most abundant constituents in leaf oil, whereas gamma-terpinene (9.88%), beta-pinene (7.67%), geranial (4.44%), and neral (3.64%) dominated in the fruit peel oil. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitrypanosomal, and antimicrobial activities of the fruit peel essential oil were evaluated. The oil had a low antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of (26.66 ± 2.07) mg/ml as compared to the efficient antioxidant ascorbic acid [IC50 (16.32 ± 0.16) µg/ml]. The oil moderately inhibited soybean 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) with an IC50 value of (32.05 ± 3.91) µg/ml and had moderate antitrypanosomal activity [IC50 (60.90 ± 0.91) µg/ml]. In addition, moderate antimicrobial activities were detected against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus capitis, Micrococcus luteus), one Gram-negative bacterium (Pseudomonas fluorescens), and yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida parapsilosis)."
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Hesperidin and neohesperidin are the major flavanones isolated from bittersweet orange. It was recently reported that they have potent anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory models. In the present study, the effects of... more
Hesperidin and neohesperidin are the major flavanones isolated from bittersweet orange. It was recently reported that they have potent anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory models. In the present study, the effects of hesperidin and neohesperidin on indomethacin-induced ulcers in rats and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Gastric ulcers were induced in rats with a single dose of indomethacin. The effects of pretreatment with hesperidin and neohesperidin were assessed in comparison with omeprazole as reference standard. Ulcer index, gene expression of gastric cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), lipid peroxidation product, malondialdhyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) content in stomach were measured. Furthermore, gross and histopathological examination was performed. Our results indicated that both hesperidin and neohesperidin significantly aggravated gastric damage caused by indomethacin administration as evidenced by increased ulcer index and histopathological changes of stomach.
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The chemical compositions of essential oils from cumin and coriander fruits were investigated using GLC and GLC/MS. Forty six compounds were identified in both oils. The major constituents of cumin oil were identified as γ-terpinene... more
The chemical compositions of essential oils from cumin and coriander fruits were investigated using GLC and GLC/MS. Forty six compounds were identified in both oils. The major constituents of cumin oil were identified as γ-terpinene (22.7%), β-pinene (19.2%), cuminaldehyde (18.0%), p-cymene (11.5%), whereas linalool (70.43%) is the most
abundant component in coriander oil. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of the essential oils were assessed. Cumin oil exhibited stronger antioxidant activity (IC50 values, 2.37 mg/ml for DPPH• assay and 27.7 µg/ml for OH• assay) as compared to the coriander oil. Both oils inhibited the PGE2 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated HepG-2 cells. They also inhibited soybean lipoxygenase (5-LOX). Cumin oil (20 µg/ml) caused a 22.44%
reduction in PGE2 level after treatment of the cells. IC50 values for lipoxygenase inhibition were 35.8 and 38.6 µg/ml for cumin and coriander oils, respectively. Cumin oil exhibited substantial antiproliferative activity against HepG-2 with an IC50 value of 31.4 µg/ml, whereas coriander was less active (IC50 120.4 µg/ml).
abundant component in coriander oil. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of the essential oils were assessed. Cumin oil exhibited stronger antioxidant activity (IC50 values, 2.37 mg/ml for DPPH• assay and 27.7 µg/ml for OH• assay) as compared to the coriander oil. Both oils inhibited the PGE2 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated HepG-2 cells. They also inhibited soybean lipoxygenase (5-LOX). Cumin oil (20 µg/ml) caused a 22.44%
reduction in PGE2 level after treatment of the cells. IC50 values for lipoxygenase inhibition were 35.8 and 38.6 µg/ml for cumin and coriander oils, respectively. Cumin oil exhibited substantial antiproliferative activity against HepG-2 with an IC50 value of 31.4 µg/ml, whereas coriander was less active (IC50 120.4 µg/ml).