David Bruhn

Power-to-gas-to-power technologies incorporating electrolysis, methanation, SNG-fired Allam cycles and subsurface storages allow for a confined and circular use of CO2/CH4 and thus an emission-free seasonal storage of intermittent renewable energy.

Using an innovative experimental set-up (Punch-Through Shear test), we initiated a shear zone (microfault) in Flechtingen sandstone and Odenwald granite under in situ reservoir conditions while monitoring permeability and fracture dilation evolution. The shear zone, which has a cylindrical geometry, is produced by a self-designed piston assembly that punches down the inner part of the sample. Permeability and fracture dilation were measured for the entire duration of the experiment. After the shear zone generation, the imposed shear displacement was increased to 1.2 mm and pore pressure changes of $$\pm 5$$ ± 5 or $$\pm 10$$ ± 10  MPa were applied cyclically to simulate injection and production scenarios. Thin sections and image analysis tools were used to identify microstructural features of the shear zone. The geometry of the shear zone is shown to follow a self-affine scaling invariance, similar to the fracture surface roughness. The permeability evolution related to the onset of...

Mesozoic sandstone aquifers in the North German Basin offer significant potential to provide green and sustainable geothermal heat as well as large-scale storage of heat or chill. The determination of geothermal and subsurface heat storage potentials is still afflicted with obstacles due to sparse and partly uncertain subsurface data. Relevant data include the structural and depositional architecture of the underground and the detailed petrophysical properties of the constituting rocks; both are required for a detailed physics-based integrated modeling and a potential assessment of the subsurface. For the present study, we combine recently published basin-wide structural interpretations of depth horizons of the main stratigraphic formations, with temperature data from geological and geostatistical 3D models (i.e., CEBS, GeotIS). Based on available reservoir sandstone facies data, additional well-log-based reservoir lithology identification, and by providing technical boundary condit...

The Technical University of Delft in the Netherlands are planning to produce significant amount of the heat required for the campus buildings from a resource recoverable from below their feet: A geothermal well doublet will be drilled on campus for heating a substantial part of our TU Delft buildings. The “Delft Aardwarmte Project” (DAP - Delft Geothermal Project) was initiated by students in 2007, which was a major step to increase public awareness of the potential of geothermal energy as a sustainable heating source in the Netherlands. The Dutch subsoil is well explored with (test) drillings for natural gas and oil, giving insight into the geothermal potential as well. For the well doublet on campus, two possible drilling targets are considered, depending on funding and economic scenarios: In scenario I, the wells will reach a well-characterized sandstone reservoir, the Upper Cretaceous “Delft Sandstone”, at a depth of 2200 -2500m and will be operated by commercial partners. In sc...

Multiphase mass and heat transfer are ubiquitous in the subsurface within manifold applications. The presence of fractures over several scales and complex geometry magnifies the uncertainty of the heat transfer phenomena, which will significantly impact, or even dominate, the dynamic transport process. Capturing the details of fluid and heat transport within the fractured system is beneficial to the subsurface operations. However, accurate modeling methodologies for thermal high-enthalpy multiphase flow within fractured reservoirs are quite limited. In this work, multiphase flow in fractured geothermal reservoirs is numerically investigated. A discrete-fracture model is utilized to describe the fractured system. To characterize the thermal transport process accurately and efficiently, the resolution of discretization is necessarily optimized. A synthetic fracture model is firstly selected to run on different levels of discretization with different initial thermodynamic conditions. A...

Within the project SURE (Novel Productivity Enhancement Concept for a Sustainable Utilization of a Geothermal Resource) the radial water jet drilling (RJD) technology will be investigated and tested as a method to increase in ow into insu ciently producing geothermal wells. Radial water jet drilling uses the power of a focused jet of uids, applied to a rock through a coil inserted in an existing well. This technology is likely to provide much better control of the enhanced ow paths around a geothermal well and does not involve the amount of uid as conventional hydraulic fracturing, reducing the risk of induced seismicity considerably. RJD shall be applied to access and connect high permeable zones within geothermal reservoirs to the main well with a higher degree of control compared to conventional stimulation technologies. A characterization of the parameters controlling the jet-ability of different rock formations, however, has not been performed for the equipment applied so far. ...

This paper evaluates the impact of reduction of doublet well spacing, below the current West Netherlands Basin standard of 1000–1500 m, on the Net Present Value (NPV) and the life time of fluvial Hot Sedimentary Aquifer (HSA) doublets. First, a sensitivity analysis is used to show the possible advantage of such reduction on the NPV. The parameter value ranges are derived from West Netherlands Basin HSA doublet examples. The results indicate that a reduction of well spacing from 1400 to 1000 m could already improve NPV by up to 15%. This effect would be larger in more marginally economic HSA doublets compared to the eywords:

This paper analyzes the relation between well spacing and Net Present Value of a Hot Sedimentary Aquifer geothermal doublet. First, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the effect of uncertainty of geological and production parameters on the Net present Value. Second a finite-element approach is utilized to study the effect of fluvial facies architecture on geothermal energy production. For this purpose detailed fluvial facies architecture models are created utilizing a process-based facies modelling approach. These models and reservoir properties are based on a geological dataset of the Lower Cretaceous Nieuwerkerk Formation in the West Netherlands Basin (WNB). Results of the sensitivity analysis show that a 10% variation in well spacing from a 1000m base case scenario could vary the NPV by 10%. The minimal required well spacing is dependent on the reservoir thickness, flow rate and the allowed production temperature drop. The simulations results show that the theoreti...

A geothermal well doublet, designed for two primary aims of research and commercial heat supply, is planned to be constructed on the campus of Delft University of Technology. The plans include a comprehensive research programme, including installation of a wide range of instruments alongside a comprehensive logging and coring programme and an extensive surface monitoring network. The wells will be cored, with samples from all representative geological units down to the reservoir. An extensive suite of well-logs is planned to provide detailed information on the properties of the various units. Fibre-optic cables will be installed in both wells all the way down to the reservoir section, which is anticipated to be at 2200m, in the Lower Cretaceous Delft Sandstone. The Delft sandstone is well-known as a reservoir rock for natural gas in the West Netherlands Basin. The wells will be operated by a commercial entity, but the infrastructure is designed and explicitly installed as a research...

In November 2013, the four year project IMAGE (Integrated Methods for Advanced Geothermal Exploration) has been launched, harnessing research power of key research institutes in Europe and industrial players to develop novel exploration techniques for geothermal power. The objective is to develop new methods to scrutinize and appraise geothermal systems in such a way that exploration wells can be sited with greater accuracy than before, thereby maximizing the success rate and reducing the cost of drilling associated with geothermal projects. In addition, such precision wells would reduce any potential environmental impact. New research methods will be tested in well-known geothermal systems, both in continental sedimentary systems in Europe and in high-temperature systems related to volcanism where one might expect supercritical fluids, as in magmatic areas, such as in Iceland and Italy. The IMAGE project will develop a reliable science based exploration and assessment method to “IM...

Seismic methods are a cornerstone for the exploration of the subsurface. In comparison to seismic surveys at the surface, downhole measurements can help to gather more detailed information about rock properties as well as potential fluid pathways within geothermal reservoirs. Temperatures within geothermal wells, especially in magmatic environments, however, often exceed the temperature limitation of conventional seismic sensors. One way to overcome the lack of seismic downhole data for geothermal exploration is the application of the novel fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology. For DAS, an optical fiber is used as seismic sensor. Lowering a fiber optic cable into a well, dynamic vibrations can be measured along the entire fiber with a high spatial resolution. As all electronics can be operated at the surface, the temperature tolerance for the measurement set-up, is defined by the operating temperature range of the fiber optic cable. Special optical fibers can be...

Indonesia with its large, but partially unexplored geothermal potential is one of the most interesting and suitable places in the world to conduct geothermal exploration research. This study focuses on geothermal exploration based on fluid-rock geochemistry/geomechanics and aims to compile an overview on geochemical data-rock properties from important geothermal fields in Indonesia. The research carried out in the field and in the laboratory is performed in the framework of the GEOCAP cooperation (Geothermal Capacity Building program Indonesiathe Netherlands). The application of petrology and geochemistry accounts to a better understanding of areas where operating power plants exist but also helps in the initial exploration stage of green areas. Because of their relevance and geological setting geothermal fields in Java, Sulawesi and the sedimentary basin of central Sumatra have been chosen as focus areas of this study. Operators, universities and governmental agencies will benefit ...

Indonesia with its large, but partially unexplored geothermal potential is one of the most interesting and suitable places in the world to conduct geothermal exploration research. This study focuses on geothermal exploration based on fluid-rock geochemistry/geomechanics and aims to compile an overview on geochemical data-rock properties from important geothermal fields in Indonesia. The research carried out in the field and in the laboratory is performed in the framework of the GEOCAP cooperation (Geothermal Capacity Building program Indonesiathe Netherlands). The application of petrology and geochemistry accounts to a better understanding of areas where operating power plants exist but also helps in the initial exploration stage of green areas. Because of their relevance and geological setting geothermal fields in Java (Wayang Windu, Tanguban Perahu) have been visited so far. Mount Salak, Gunung Slamet (Java) and Flores surveys are planned in the near future. Operators, universitie...

A focus of European research cooperation in the last years has been on developing concepts for the exploitation of unconventional geothermal resources such as Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) or, more recently, Superhot Geothermal Systems (SHGS), including those with supercritical water. One such project addressing unconventional geothermal systems is the international cooperation between Europe and Mexico GEMex (Cooperation in Geothermal energy research Europe-Mexico for development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems and Superhot Geothermal Systems). The cooperation encompasses two partner projects, one funded within H2020 and one by the government of Mexico through the National Council of Science and Technology CONACyT. The projects are designed to explore two specific sites to develop concepts for their utilization as EGS and SHGS. The site for EGS development is the Acoculco crater, SHGS are investigated at Los Humeros, both in the eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Los Humeros i...

Several field campaigns have been conducted in order to detect hydrothermal alteration in rocks outcropping in the green field (not yet explored) geothermal areas under the GEOCAP (Geothermal Capacity Building program Indonesia-the Netherlands) cooperation. The aim of this study is to establish the application of the electron microprobe (EMP) on hydrothermally altered samples and to validate the results with a spectral technique (SPECIM camera). The use of the EMP allows a quicker and more reliable detection of the clay fraction directly on the thin sections if compared to the XRD where the clay component needs to be extracted and separately measured. The field missions have been carried out in Java trying to visit geothermal fields with a different geological background in order to collect a big variety of rock types from andesite to breccia to travertine. Very recently Dutch and Indonesian universities have visited the Bajawa field on Flores island where the same sampling strategy...

Recent advances in volcano-seismology and seismic noise interferometry have introduced new processing techniques for assessing subsurface structures and controls on fluid flow in geothermal systems. We present tomographic results obtained from seismic data recorded around geothermal reservoirs located both on-land Reykjanes, SW-Iceland and offshore along Reykjanes Ridge. We gathered records from a network of 234 seismic stations (including 24 Ocean Bottom Seismometers) deployed between April 2014 and August 2015. In order to determine the orientation of the OBS stations, we used Rayleigh waves planar particle motions from large magnitude earthquakes. This method proved suitable using the on-land stations: orientations determined using this method with the orientations measured using a giro-compass agreed.

Accurate prediction of temperature and pressure distribution is essential for geothermal reservoir exploitation with cold-water reinjection. Depending on our knowledge about the heterogeneous structure of the subsurface, reservoir development scheme can be optimized, and the overall lifetime of the geothermal field can be extended. In this study, we present Delft Advanced Research Terra Simulator (DARTS) which can provide fast and accurate flow response of the geothermal field. This simulation framework is using the Operator-Based Linearization (OBL) technique and is suitable for uncertainty analysis with a large ensemble of models. In DARTS, we select the molar formulation with pressure and enthalpy as primary variables. In addition, a fully-implicit two-point flux approximation on an unstructured grid is implemented to solve the mass and energy conservation equations. In our work, DARTS is compared with the state-of-the-art simulation frameworks using benchmark tests within synthe...

The project I-GET is aimed at developing an innovative geothermal exploration approach based on advanced geophysical methods. The Project Acronym stands for Integrated Geophysical Exploration Technologies for deep fractured geothermal systems. The objective of the project is to improve the detection, prior to drilling, of fluid bearing zones in geothermal reservoirs. This new approach has been tested in four European geothermal systems with different geological and thermodynamic reservoir characteristics: in metamorphic (Travale, Italy) and volcanic rocks Hengill, Iceland), and two in deep sedimentary rocks (GroßSchönebeck, Germany, and Skierniewice, Poland). Integration of different geophysical approaches is the key concept of the project. To this end, seismic and magnetotelluric data were acquired in the test sites, and new acquisition and processing techniques were developed to solve problems related to the particular target such as high temperatures, anisotropy, phase condition,...

In 2010 cooperation between Germany and Indonesia has been initiated in the field of sustainable geothermal energy development. Within this German project “Sustainability concepts for exploitation of geothermal reservoirs in Indonesia – capacity building and methodologies for site deployment” several research activities have been carried out which were closely accompanied by capacity building measures, such as a PhD-program in Germany with focus on Indonesian topics. Research activities and knowledge transfer were carried out bidirectional in order to strengthen science and technology for both, Indonesian and German partners. In the field of exploration, low enthalpy geothermal green fields in magmatic (East Java) and amagmatic settings (North Sumatra) have been investigated. Also analyses on the controlling mechanisms of operated geothermal fields in North Sulawesi and West Java have been carried out. Regarding sustainable exploitation, we report on the integrated geoscientific mon...

Abstract. In January 2020, a scientific borehole planning workshop sponsored by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program was convened at Cornell University in the northeastern United States. Cornell is planning to drill test wells to evaluate the potential to use geothermal heat from depths in the range of 2700–4500 m and rock temperatures of about 60 to 120  ∘ C to heat its campus buildings. Cornell encourages the Earth sciences community to envision how these boreholes can also be used to advance high-priority subsurface research questions. Because nearly all scientific boreholes on the continents are targeted to examine iconic situations, there are large gaps in understanding of the “average” intraplate continental crust. Hence, there is uncommon and widely applicable value to boring and investigating a “boring” location. The workshop focused on designing projects to investigate the coupled thermal–chemical–hydrological–mechanical workings of continental crust. C...

The development of an EGS is one of the goals of the GEMex project, an international collaboration of two consortia, one from Europe and one from Mexico. The research is based on exploration, characterization and assessment of two geothermal systems located in the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt, Los Humeros and Acoculco. Los Humeros has been a producing field for several years, but Acoculco is yet to be developed. Thanks to surface manifestations of hydrothermal activities, the existence of a geothermal system is evident. However, two wells reached very high temperatures, but did not find any fluids. For that reason, the Acoculco Caldera is foreseen as EGS development site, hoping to connect existing wells to a productive zone.

Unconventional geothermal systems such as Engineered Geothermal Systems (EGS) have been in the focus of interest for geothermal exploitation for several decades. In addition, the development and exploitation of high-temperature geothermal fields with supercritical conditions are emerging as a new hot topic in various parts of the world. In the GEMex project, these two unconventional geothermal resources are investigated, building on previous efforts within the Mexican CeMIEGeo project (Centro Mexicano de Innovación en Energía Geotérmica). For this purpose, two sites have been selected in the eastern part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (Los Humeros and Acoculco, Puebla) with the goal to develop transferable concepts for other high-temperature geothermal fields. Los Humeros is a geothermal field within a Quaternary volcanic complex with an existing geothermal power plant in operation since 1990. Temperatures around 380°C were found at depths below 2000 m; however, geothermal fluid...

The project I-GET was aimed at developing an innovative geothermal exploration approach based on advanced geophysical methods. The objective was to improve the detection, prior to drilling, of fluid bearing zones in naturally and/or artificially fractured geothermal reservoirs. This approach was tested in four European geothermal systems with different geological and thermodynamic reservoir characteristics: two high enthalpy (metamorphic and volcanic rocks), and two low enthalpy geothermal system in sedimentary rocks. Petrophysical and geomechanical properties of the investigated rocks have been defined by laboratory measurements. With respect to the high enthalpy sites elastic and electric rock properties have been determined at the steam/liquid transition of the pore fillings. Results of these measurements are presented in a separate presentation. Seismic and magnetotelluric measurements were acquired at the test sites, and new acquisition and processing techniques have been devel...

The GEISER (Geothermal Engineering Integrating Mitigation of Induced Seismicity in Reservoirs) project was funded by the European Commission from 2010 until 2013. The project addressed one of the major challenges the development of geothermal energy is facing: the mitigation of induced seismicity to an acceptable level. To address this objective, induced seismicity from representative geothermal reservoirs throughout Europe was analyzed (Soultz, Basel, Gross Schoenebeck, Iceland, Campi Flegrei). In addition, data from regions outside continental Europe were made available by companies and partners working in the respective caountries (Berlín, El Salvador; The Geysers, USA; Paralana and Cooper Basin, Australia). Induced earthquakes were analyzed with respect to their relationship with injection parameters, local stress fields, and geological settings. These analyses demonstrated that locating the hypocentres of the observed seismic events (seismic cloud) is dependent on the design of...

This paper evaluates the impact of reduction of doublet well spacing, below the current West Netherlands Basin standard of 1000–1500 m, on the Net Present Value (NPV) and the life time of fluvial Hot Sedimentary Aquifer (HSA) doublets. First, a sensitivity analysis is used to show the possible advantage of such reduction on the NPV. The parameter value ranges are derived from West Netherlands Basin HSA doublet examples. The results indicate that a reduction of well spacing from 1400 to 1000 m could already improve NPV by up to 15%. This effect would be larger in more marginally economic HSA doublets compared to the eywords:

Designing low-cost network layouts is an essential step in planning linked infrastructure. For the case of capacitated trees, such as oil or gas pipeline networks, the cost is usually a function of both pipeline diameter (i.e. ability to carry flow or transferred capacity) and pipeline length. Even for the case of incompressible, steady flow, minimizing cost becomes particularly difficult as network topology itself dictates local flow material balances, rendering the optimization space non-linear. The combinatorial nature of potential trees requires the use of graph optimization heuristics to achieve good solutions in reasonable time. In this work we perform a comparison of known literature network optimization heuristics and metaheuristics for finding minimum-cost capacitated trees without Steiner nodes, and propose novel algorithms, including a metaheuristic based on transferring edges of high valency nodes. Our metaheuristic achieves performance above similar algorithms studied, ...

<p>In response to the growing geo-societal challenges of our densely populated planet, current research frequently requires convergence of multiple research disciplines, and optimized use of openly available data, research facilities and funds. Such optimization is the main aim of many research infrastructures developing both at the national and international level. In the Netherlands, the European Plate Observing System – Netherlands (EPOS-NL) was formed, as the Dutch research infrastructure for solid Earth sciences. EPOS-NL aims to further develop world-class facilities for research into georesources and hazards, and to provide international access to these facilities and derived data. It is a partnership between Utrecht University, Delft University of Technology and the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) and is funded by the Dutch Research Council. EPOS-NL facilities include: 1) The Earth Simulation Lab at Utrecht University, 2) The Groningen gas field seismological network and the ORFEUS Data Center at KNMI, 3) The deep geothermal doublet (DAPwell), to be installed on the Delft university campus, and 4) A distributed facility for multi-scale imaging and tomography (MINT), shared between the Utrecht and Delft universities. EPOS-NL provides financial, technical and scientific support for access to these facilities. To get facility access, researchers can apply to a bi-annual call, with 2021 calls planned in Q1 and Q3. EPOS-NL further works with researchers, data centers and industry to provide access to essential data and models (e.g. pertaining to the seismogenic Groningen gas field) within the framework of the European infrastructure EPOS, conforming to FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. In that way, EPOS-NL contributes directly to a globally developing trend to make research facilities and data openly accessible to the international community. This supports cost-effective and multi-disciplinary research into the geo-societal challenges faced by our densely populated planet. See www.EPOS-NL.nl for more information.</p>

In every tight formation reservoir, natural fractures play an important role for mass and energy transport and stress distribution. Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) make no exception, and stimulation aims at increasing the reservoir permeability to enhance fluid circulation and heat transport. EGS development relies upon the complex task of predicting accurate hydraulic fracture propagation pathway by taking into account reservoir heterogeneities and natural or preexisting fractures. In this contribution, we employ the variational phase-field method, which handles hydraulic fracture initiation, propagation, and interaction with natural fractures and is tested under varying conditions of rock mechanical properties and natural fractures distributions. We run bidimensional finite element simulations employing the open-source software OpenGeoSys and apply the model to simulate realistic stimulation scenarios, each one built from field data and considering complex natural fracture geometries in the order of a thousand of fractures. Key mechanical properties are derived from laboratory measurements on samples obtained in the field. Simulations results confirm the fundamental role played by natural fractures in stimulation's predictions, which is essential for developing successful EGS projects.

Abstract Understanding fractures and fracture networks is essential for the investigation and use of subsurface reservoirs. The aim is to predict the fractures and the fracture network when there is no direct access to subsurface images available. This article presents a universal workflow to numerically compute a discrete fracture network by combining the 1D scanline survey method, processed with the newly written SkaPy script, together with the multiple point statistic method (MPS). This workflow is applied to a potential geothermal site in Mexico called Acoculco. We use Las Minas outcrops and quarries as surface analogues for the Acoculco reservoir, as Las Minas and Acoculco are both formed by the influence of a plutonic intrusion into the Jurassic–Cretaceous carbonate sequence of the Sierra Madre Oriental in the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (TMVB). The intrusion is associated with contact metamorphism and metasomatic phenomena, providing the basis for the mining activities at Las Minas. The results obtained using this workflow demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, which presents a solution combining the efficiency of data processing and an interpretation-driven approach to build realistic discrete fracture networks. This workflow can be used in the process of estimating the permeability of a fracture controlled reservoir, with using only scanline surveys data as input. This is essential in the process of evaluating the feasibility to develop an enhanced geothermal system.

Seismic methods are a cornerstone for the exploration of the subsurface. In comparison to seismic surveys at the surface, downhole measurements can help to gather more detailed information about rock properties as well as potential fluid pathways within geothermal reservoirs. Temperatures within geothermal wells, especially in magmatic environments, however, often exceed the temperature limitation of conventional seismic sensors. One way to overcome the lack of seismic downhole data for geothermal exploration is the application of the novel fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology. For DAS, an optical fiber is used as seismic sensor. Lowering a fiber optic cable into a well, dynamic vibrations can be measured along the entire fiber with a high spatial resolution. As all electronics can be operated at the surface, the temperature tolerance for the measurement set-up, is defined by the operating temperature range of the fiber optic cable. Special optical fibers can be...

Dehydration of serpentinite has been proposed as an important factor for subduction related processes, such as intermediate-depth earthquakes caused by dehydration embrittlement, weakening of the mantle and arc magmatism. Better understanding of the distribution of water in the subducting slab and of the effect of dehydration on the physical properties of rocks is thus of fundamental importance for our understanding of subduction related processes. We have therefore performed laboratory experiments to determine the petrophysical signature of serpentinite with changing temperature and pressure beyond the dehydration reaction of serpentine to talc, forsterite and water. Seismic velocities and electrical conductivities were measured on various well-characterized serpentinites. In contrast to previous studies, our experiments were performed at undrained conditions, such that water produced by dehydration did not escape from the system. Electrical conductivity of water saturated samples ...

This article provides an overview on the geothermal energy research in Europe and one of the EU funded projects 'GEISER (Geothermal Engineering Integrating Mitigation of Induced Seismicity in Reservoirs)' in which the authors were involved. More details are given for description of GEISER, in particular, about aims and discussions and how the project was managed. Emphasis is given to one of the work packages 'Induced Seismicity and Large Magnitude Events (LME)' and results of this work package are summarized. This article intends to summarize the lessons learned in the GEISER project and give recommendations to future geothermal projects by creating Enhanced Geothermal Systems hydraulic stimulation where induced seismicity issues are expected to be a major issue and obstacle.

The presence of fluids and melts in crustal rocks above subduction zones has often been attributed to the dehydration of subducting oceanic crust and hydrated mantle rocks. Dehydration processes have also been suggested to cause intermediate-depth earthquakes in the subduction zone. The most common mineral containing structurally bound water in the mantle is serpentine. By incorporating water into their crystal structure, serpentine minerals can store up to 13 wt% of water. This water is released when serpentines break down at elevated temperatures and pressures. In this study, we measured the electrical resistivity of dehydrating serpentinites and its evolution with time in laboratory experiments. Electrical properties of rocks respond highly sensitively to transiently available fluids, which are also detectable over very short time spans. The electrical resistivity measurements were performed at elevated pressure and temperature in a gas confining-medium pressure vessel at pressur...

In this work, both temperature dependence and liquid-steam phase transition experiments for an analysis of core-scale properties of rock samples at simulated reservoir conditions were performed to characterize the effects of both temperature and phase tra