Hazry Desa

Recently, with the spread of English as the global language, English has been professed as one of the prominent lingua franca for the new world. It has become the means of communication between nations in the area of judiciary, economic, education and in almost all aspect of global negotiation. Countless studies have been made on the role of English language as a lingua franca; however there is a limited study on the usage of English as lingua franca in crossborder context. It is understood that most people turn to English when communicating across nation, yet it is unclear how English language fare as the lingua franca in crossborder communication especially in South East Asia. Sharing border denoted sharing similar culture, history and exposure and for these similarities it is a wonder if English would still emerge as the language of choice for communication between such parties. This paper analyzes both Malaysian and Thai students' use of the Business English as Lingua Franca...

In gesture recognition, the database plays an important role as the foundation for the computer to recognize the input gesture. This paper discusses about the development of database to recognize gestural motion for several groups of people. Individual database is more accurate, but for a large number of recognition subject, we cannot build the database individually because it will consume more space in the system memory. To solve this problem, we need a new kind of database that ability to serve all types of people categories but using less memory on the system. The solution is grouped databases. The group database will able to identify a gesture from any subject by firstly classify the subject belong to which group. Then recognize the input gesture by using database in the dedicated group. The database is grouped based on body height, which is divided into three different groups. Five geometrical gestures were chosen to perform by the subject. The gestural motion was captured by Motion Capture System (MOCAP). Data from x, y and z-axes that were generated by the motion captured system then analyzed, classified and stored in the gesture database. An adaptive gesture recognition is presented to select the identical database to identify an unknown gesture that insert into the system. The result shows the accuracy of recognition implemented by gesture database is achieve up to 83.7% in recognizing the gesture performed by the subject.

The heritage building is a valuable asset to humans and countries due to the grandeur symbolization and the dignity representation of a country. However, the dramatic changes on the historical building physical feature has been documented poorly. Subsequently, the depletion of the building information has making the maintenance works intricate. On site surveying might difficult due to the safety issue that putting manpower into risky circumstances. Advance technology may allow many to obtain information using aid of remote sensing, photogrammetry, geographic information system (GIS) and 3D laser scanning. The projection of the As Built Drawing might possible without utilisation of BIM as an analyser for the raw information congregated. Thus, the objective of this research is to develop an ‘As Built Drawing’ for heritage building using Building Information Modelling (BIM) as an information processor. The methodology involved the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) application and Terrestri...

The development of an autonomous vehicle started since 1960 by Stanford University. Steering wheel control for an autonomous vehicle is important for a successful navigation through the designed road/paths. The recent autonomous vehicles developed by Uber, Waymo, Tesla, and others are still in the experimental stage. The current accident with Uber autonomous car in Arizona shows that the safety of the pedestrian and passengers of the autonomous cars are still at risk. The passenger�s comfort and safety while riding in the AEV can be improved by developing a controller that is precise and accurate in making decisions based on the uncertain environment. The developed Fuzzy controller that uses data from the human drivers in order to develop the Fuzzy membership function is one of the possible approaches. The human navigation experiment is the experiment that gathers data from the human driver as they drive through designed paths. The speed, steering wheel angle, heading, and position of the buggy are collected throughout the human navigation experiments. Then, data used to calculate the mean and standard deviation for each membership variables. In order to study the performance of the developed Fuzzy controller, the simulation studies were developed. The simulations are executed by using LabVIEW software. The simulation uses data from human navigation experiments in order to simulate the Fuzzy controller performance. The simulation results are expected to show the minimum path tracking error. Path tracking error is defined as the distance between the vehicle center of gravity and the desired path. The negative path tracking error indicates that the vehicle is to the left of the path. The path tracking error is expected to less than 1 meter.

Steering control for path tracking and navigation are important for the autonomous vehicle. A good steering control system can determine the success of autonomous navigation through designed paths. Comfort and safety for the passenger are the main concerns in developing a controller for an autonomous electric vehicle (AEV). Comfort and the safe autonomous system can be achieving by imitating human intelligence and decision-making ability into the controller. A GPS module couple with a fuzzy controller to follow the designed path. Steering is control by using brushless DC motor with certain gear configuration. In order to achieve better drive performance for the autonomous vehicle, the behaviors of human subjects are studied and investigated. Investigation of steering angle on 3 different paths is designed to study the driving patterns by the human subjects, which are straight, turn right and turn left. The results show satisfactory outcomes as the subject navigates through the designed path with the similar patterns. The average value of steering wheel angle for the straight, right and left path are 13°, −151°, and 237°, respectively. The maximum angle to turning to the left and right are 286° (subject #1) and −226° (subject #1). This paper consists of the construction of a Fuzzy logic controller to control steering wheel and experiments set-up to develop the Fuzzy controller for an autonomous vehicle.

Abstract An experimental study was conducted on the gas–liquid two-phase flow distributions in a multi-pass channel that simulated a compact evaporator in a heat-pump system, with a focus on the similarity between the refrigerant (R-134a) flow and the air–water flow. The body of the test channel was made of transparent polyvinyl chloride to allow optical access, and multiport aluminum tubes were used as branches. Horizontal dividing and combining headers with cross sections of 20 mm × 20 mm were connected by 22 upward branches with cross sections of 20 mm × 2 mm, lengths of 120 mm, and pitches of 12 mm. Initially, the refrigerant two-phase flow was visualized to clarify the characteristics of the flow in the headers. Then, using the same test channel, the air–water flow in the headers was observed under four air and water velocity conditions at the dividing header entrance to investigate the similarity with the flow pattern of the refrigerant flow: (i) superficial gas and liquid velocities equal to those of the refrigerant flow, (ii) equal kinetic energies, (iii) equal quality and mass flow rate, (iv) equal Baker's flow pattern map parameters. A comparison of the flow patterns in the dividing header revealed that the air–water flow under the inlet conditions of the equal kinetic energies and equal Baker's flow pattern map parameters simulated the refrigerant flow closely. Then, based on this result, the air and water distribution ratios in the branches were measured under these two conditions to examine the influence of the flow inlet conditions on the flow-distribution characteristics. A close comparison of the air–water distributions and the refrigerant flow in the combining header revealed that the inlet condition of equal Baker's flow pattern map parameters yielded better results than the equal-kinetic energy condition.

The hybrid interface cooling system needs to be designed for maintaining the electric vehicle’s battery cell temperature at 25°C. The hybrid interface cooling system is a combination of two individual systems, where the primary cooling system (R-134a) and the secondary cooling system (CuO + Water) will be used to absorb the heat generated by the battery cells. The ventilation system is designed using air as the medium to transfer the heat from the batteries to the refrigeration system (R-134a). Research will focus on determining the suitable compressor displacement, the heat exchanger volume and the expansion valve resistance value. The analysis for the secondary cooling system is focused on the cooling coil where low temperature nanofluid is passing through each interval of the battery cells. For analysing purposes, the thermal properties of the mixture of 50 grams, Copper (II) Oxide and the base fluid have been determined. The hybrid interface cooling system are able to achieve 57.82% increments in term of rate of heat transfer as compared to the individual refrigeration system.

The hybrid interface cooling system needs to be established to chill the battery compartment of electric car and maintained its ambient temperature inside the compartment between 25°C to 35°C. The air cooling experiment has been conducted to verify the cooling capacity, compressor displacement volume, dehumidifying value and mass flow rate of refrigerant (R-410A). At the same time, liquid cooling system is analysed theoretically by comparing the performance of two types of nanofluid, i.e., CuO + Water and Al2O3 + Water, based on the heat load generated inside the compartment. In order for the result obtained to be valid and reliable, several assumptions are considered during the experimental and theoretical analysis. Results show that the efficiency of the hybrid interface cooling system is improved as compared to the individual cooling system.The hybrid interface cooling system needs to be established to chill the battery compartment of electric car and maintained its ambient temperature inside the compartment between 25°C to 35°C. The air cooling experiment has been conducted to verify the cooling capacity, compressor displacement volume, dehumidifying value and mass flow rate of refrigerant (R-410A). At the same time, liquid cooling system is analysed theoretically by comparing the performance of two types of nanofluid, i.e., CuO + Water and Al2O3 + Water, based on the heat load generated inside the compartment. In order for the result obtained to be valid and reliable, several assumptions are considered during the experimental and theoretical analysis. Results show that the efficiency of the hybrid interface cooling system is improved as compared to the individual cooling system.

Breast cancer is a throbbing disease that no longer needs an introduction. This is especially true among women due to their unique breast structure that naturally has more breast tissues compared to that of man’s. It is been forecasted that in 2015, a minimum of 60290 new cases of breast cancer will be reported. The goal of this study is to analytically evaluate the changes in the induced Eddy current densities as a function of di-electrical properties of the breast tissue with respect to tumor positioning as well as its size. This is achieved by running numerical simulations on the proposed mechanism of magnetic induction to detect tumors among healthy breast tissue via a 2D breast model configuration. The analytical results presented in this article, proved that the multi frequency magnetic induction principle is viable in detecting the breast lesions as small as 0.2 cm non-invasively through the distributions of the induced Eddy current density. While important pattern of the induced current were reflected when the tumors are located at the far ends of the breast diameter. The minimum results computational time with the proposed system is 10 s.

This study examines the design of heat exchanger made of copper tube for cooling electric vehicle car battery system and the effects of base fluid and nanofluid (as coolants) channeling inside the heat exchanger to increase heat transfer between the compartment of the electric vehicle car and the heat exchanger and comparison between them. The nanofluid (CuO/pure water) was prepared by dispersing a nanoparticle (CuO) in base fluid (pure water). nanofluid (CuO/pure water) with a nominal diameter of 50 nm at volume concentrations (0.27 Vol. %) at batteries’ compartment temperature was used for these investigations. The analysis showed that secondary cooling system by means of nanofluid (CuO/pure water) has advantages in improving the thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient, better from base fluid (pure water) also in Nusselt number. This results work on reducing the electric power loss in the form of thermal energy from batteries. This led to increase in the efficiency of t...

Most of Napier grass industry in Malaysia is labored in small and medium scale. Therefore, the harvesting works are done manually by man power using conventional equipment such as sickle and machete. However, there are some efforts made to design the low cost equipment in assisting this Napier grass harvesting works. The aim of this study is to compare the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) performance in order to evaluate the certain body parts condition during harvesting works by using conventional equipment and innovation machine assisted. Based on survey, conventional harvesting method might increase the risk of low back pain (LBP) due to repetitive stooping posture. Furthermore, the back biomechanical load and force impact were also not handling wisely. The objective of this study is to prove that the usage of machine during harvesting works might improve the body posture especially on stoop level condition. Based on results, the overall ...

This experiment and research work is very important as for the first-step in a research of mobile robot which is equipped with encoders. It is very important to ensure that the encoder is able to read the counter and give accurate data to the processor in order to control the robot's wheel and navigate the mobile robot to the predefined stable-target. In this work, we were targeting the mobile robot for moving in straight path to the target with lesser error by the assistances of the encoder's counter data taken from the right and the left wheel.

This research paper presents the analysis study of human grasping forces for several objects by using a DataGlove called GloveMAP. The grasping force is generated from the bending of proximal and intermediate phalanges of the fingers when touching with a surface. A flexiforce sensor is installed at the finger's position of the GloveMAP. The acquired grasping force signals are filtered by using a Gaussian filtering for the pur- pose of removing noises. A Principal Component Analysis technique (PCA) is employed to reduce the dimension of the grasping force signal, and follows by the extraction of its features. In the experiment, five subjects are selected to perform the grasping activities. The experimental results show that the Gaussian filter could be used to smoothen the grasping force signals. Moreover, the first and the second principal components of PCA could be used to extract features of grasping force signals.

ABSTRACT The purpose of indoor and outdoor mobile robot navigation is to move the mobile robot toward target with stable target navigation. In this study, motion information from the movements of the two-wheeled mobile robot is used as an input to the Fuzzy membership function (MF), which is designed in the preliminary experiments. The probability value outputted from the MF is used to move the forward velocity of the mobile robot called AHMAD-R toward target. The experimental results show that the proposed fuzzy approach has the stable target navigation and could be used to navigate the mobile robot in the indoor environment.

In this paper, we present a novel approach to human facial emotion detection by applying a modified version of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, which we called Guided Particle Swarm Optimization (GPSO). Our approach is based on tracking the movements of facial action units (AUs) that are placed on the face of a subject and captured in video clips. We defined particles that form swarms as vectors consisting of points from each domain of the AUs considered. Particles are allowed to move around the effectively n-dimensional search space in search of the emotion being expressed in each frame of a video clip (where n is the number of action units being tracked). Since there are more than one possible target emotions at any point in time, multiple swarms are used, with each swarm having a specific emotion as its target. We have implemented and tested the algorithm on video clips that contain all the six basic emotions, namely happy, sad, surprise, disgust, anger and fear. Our results show the algorithm to have a promising success rate. Keywords— emotion detection; particle swarm optimization; PSO; facial emotions; facial expressions; facial action units.