The Energy Citations Database (ECD) provides access to historical and current research (1948 to the present) from the Department of Energy (DOE) and predecessor agencies.
Research Interests:
The Energy Citations Database (ECD) provides access to historical and current research (1948 to the present) from the Department of Energy (DOE) and predecessor agencies.
Research Interests: Environmental Science, Air Quality, Mass Transfer, Environmental policy, Coal, and 15 moreAir pollution, Acid Rain, Nuclear power, Noble Gases, Government Policy, Environmental Impact, Environmental quality, Particulate Matter, Pollutant, Electric Power, Health Effect, Nuclear Power Plant, Air Pollutants, Air Quality Index, and Crop damage
On December 13, 1996, the US EPA proposed to revise the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM) and ozone. The proposed revisions would lower the concentrations at which air quality is considered... more
On December 13, 1996, the US EPA proposed to revise the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM) and ozone. The proposed revisions would lower the concentrations at which air quality is considered healthful and thus require a new round of controls on air pollutant emissions. The court has given EPA until July of this year to promulgate new NAAQS, thus sparking an intense debate. EPA argues that the costs to implement the proposed NAAQS is peanuts and the benefits are substantial. Industry argues that the costs will be excessive. The environmentalists point out that the SOâ allowances currently are trading at about $100 per ton, while industry argued they would be $10,000 per ton. The difficulty is rooted in the way cost/benefit analysis is presented and argued, i.e., last minute and in the heat of political passion. If economics is to be used and relied upon, it should be aired and studied over many months not a 60-day comment period.
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The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, allow non-utility SO{sub 2} and small utility sources to opt-in to the SO{sub 2} allowance trading system. Although the regulations are not final, the general approach is available for planning. The... more
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, allow non-utility SO{sub 2} and small utility sources to opt-in to the SO{sub 2} allowance trading system. Although the regulations are not final, the general approach is available for planning. The essence of this part of the program is to give industrial sources an incentive to reduce their SO{sub 2} emissions and thus have excess allowances that can be sold to excess emitters of SO{sub 2}. This program defines the sources that may be designated, specify the emissions limitations; specifies the operating emissions baseline; prescribes monitoring requirements; promulgates permit, reporting and other requirements necessary to implement the program.
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Thorough and organized procedures streamline a cumbersome task - writing an acceptable air operating permit. Variations in state laws combined with strict new federal criteria make this task a maze of bureaucracy, forms, public... more
Thorough and organized procedures streamline a cumbersome task - writing an acceptable air operating permit. Variations in state laws combined with strict new federal criteria make this task a maze of bureaucracy, forms, public intervention, process operability/profitability and feasible emission-control technology. Eleven steps organize all information required by federal/state laws. To be successful, facilities should collect the necessary data and start planning now. The 11 steps in the process are: identify each source; evaluate emissions; decide major source status; determine practical emission limitation(s); determine compliance; if necessary, propose compliance schedule; propose measurement/recordkeeping; combine each source into permit(s); calculate fees; file application; and prepare for hearing. This paper describes the process.
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Through a supplementary control system (SCS), SOâ emissions from a facility are temporarily curtailed when meteorological conditions conducive to high ambient SOâ concentrations exist or are anticipated. This report describes a case study... more
Through a supplementary control system (SCS), SOâ emissions from a facility are temporarily curtailed when meteorological conditions conducive to high ambient SOâ concentrations exist or are anticipated. This report describes a case study demonstration of SCS reliability analysis techniques presented in 'Technique for Supplementary Control System Reliability Analysis and Upgrading' (EPA-450/2-76 015). A user manual is also provided. A primary objective of this study is to discuss the reliability analysis techniques and their applicability to the problem of estimating SCS reliability.
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This paper describes a study to develop dust emission factors for the handling of wet-formed prilled sulfur using a low-speed wind tunnel. The wind tunnel was selected as being the most cost-effective method of developing relationships... more
This paper describes a study to develop dust emission factors for the handling of wet-formed prilled sulfur using a low-speed wind tunnel. The wind tunnel was selected as being the most cost-effective method of developing relationships between rates, wind speed, and moisture content. Emission data were developed over a range of material moisture contents and horizontal wind speeds and were compared with emission factors developed from upwind-downwind tests.
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As summarized in Reed et. al. (2009), the Upper Green River Basin (UGRB), which is located in Sublette County, Wyoming, is bounded by the Wind River Range to the east, the Wyoming Range to the west, the Gros Ventre Range to the north, and... more
As summarized in Reed et. al. (2009), the Upper Green River Basin (UGRB), which is located in Sublette County, Wyoming, is bounded by the Wind River Range to the east, the Wyoming Range to the west, the Gros Ventre Range to the north, and bounded by the Uinta Range to the south. These surrounding, significant terrain features effectively create a bowl-like basin that greatly influences the local meteorology relative to the rest of the area. The UGRB is roughly 1,000 meters to 2,000 meters lower than the terrain features to the east and west (WDEQ-AQD 2009). Within the UGRB, significant development of oil and gas fields has occurred recently. This development has resulted in the release of significant quantities of NOx and VOC emissions, which are both known ozone precursors. Recent monitoring data has indicated elevated ozone concentrations in the late winter that exceed the current National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for 8-hour ozone. As a result of these high concentrat...
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: A study of ambient air quality, requested as a result of an employee grievance, was performed at the South Annex of the Air Force Aeronautical Chart and Information Center, 8900 South Broadway, St. Louis, Missouri. Data gathered on... more
: A study of ambient air quality, requested as a result of an employee grievance, was performed at the South Annex of the Air Force Aeronautical Chart and Information Center, 8900 South Broadway, St. Louis, Missouri. Data gathered on concentrations of sulfur dioxide, sulfation rates, hydrogen sulfide and sulfuric acid mist, are supplemented by data from other sources. Sulfur dioxide concentrations, sulfation rates and particulate loadings were found to be significantly above the ambient air quality and emission standards set by St. Louis County. Several pollutants were found to be meteorologically traceable to an industrial titanium pigment plant. Pollutant concentrations, while not above industrially established threshold limit values, are in the area of 'potential health hazards'. Recommendations are given. (Author)
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: Pima County, Arizona Air Pollution Rules and Regulations applicable to the Aircraft Smelter operation at Davis-Monthan AFB are presented, and air pollution abatement requirements, based on results of previous laboratory studies of the... more
: Pima County, Arizona Air Pollution Rules and Regulations applicable to the Aircraft Smelter operation at Davis-Monthan AFB are presented, and air pollution abatement requirements, based on results of previous laboratory studies of the present operation are discussed. Climatological, topographical and meteorological conditions in the area are taken into account in predicting potential metal fume concentrations to be expected from an adequately controlled new facility. The design is briefly discussed.
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Results of a workshop entitled 'On-Site Meteorological Instrumentation Requirements to Characterize Diffusion from Point Sources' are summarized and reported. The workshop was sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection... more
Results of a workshop entitled 'On-Site Meteorological Instrumentation Requirements to Characterize Diffusion from Point Sources' are summarized and reported. The workshop was sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Raleigh, North Carolina, on January 15-17, 1980. Its purpose was to provide EPA with a thorough examination of the meteorological instrumentation and data collection requirements needed to characterize airborne dispersion of air contaminants from point sources and to recommend, based on an expert consensus, specific measurement technique and accuracies. Secondary purposes of the workshop were to (1) make recommendations to the National Weather Service (NWS) about collecting and archiving meteorological data that would best support air quality dispersion modeling objectives and (2) make recommendations on standardization of meteorological data reporting and quality assurance programs.
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An examination of trends of nationwide anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter (PM), sulfur oxides (SO/sub x), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NO/sub x/) shows that between 1940 and 1980 PM emissions decreased... more
An examination of trends of nationwide anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter (PM), sulfur oxides (SO/sub x), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NO/sub x/) shows that between 1940 and 1980 PM emissions decreased by about two-thirds; SO/sub x/ emissions increased by a third; NO/sub x/ emissions increased over twofold; and the ratio of SO/sub x/:PM emissions increased about three-fold; the ratio of NO/sub x/:PM emissions increased about eight-fold; the ratio of VOC:NO/sub x/ emissions declined by about one-half. Data suggest that for areas that were already industrialized by 1940 (i.e., many urban areas in the East and Midwest) atmospheric concentration of alkaline species should have been reduced significantly, and nitric acid in precipitation should have increased since 1940. However, the amount of sulfuric acid in precipitation could have gone either way because of a number of compensating factors including an increase in acidic primary sulfate emissions; ...
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This paper provides annual and seasonal estimates of acidic and total primary sulfates for the 48 contiguous states. These estimates are based upon applying the emission factors on the 1980 NEDS inventory. The paper describes the... more
This paper provides annual and seasonal estimates of acidic and total primary sulfates for the 48 contiguous states. These estimates are based upon applying the emission factors on the 1980 NEDS inventory. The paper describes the methodology for allocation of seasonal emissions, the emissions inventory estimates for acidic and total primary sulfates, and the relative importance of primary sulfates with respect to secondary sulfates based upon gross mass balance considerations.