Gosa Girma

This article has reviewed researches that obtained from peer-reviewed literatures on Salmonellosis and Shigellosis in different parts of Ethiopia. The prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella, the causative agent for Salmonellosis and Shigellosis, respectively, their antibiogram and growth potential were the main objectives of this review. Foodborne diseases related to unhygienic food handling practices remain a major public health problem across the globe. The problem is severe in developing countries due to limitations in securing optimal hygienic food handling practices. Data shows that an estimated 70 % of cases of diarrheal diseases are associated with the consumption of foods contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Among these microorganisms Salmonella and Shigella are the major ones. In most studies of Antibiograms tests, Salmonella and Shigella spp. showed high resistance to the commonly used antibiotics which indicate serious problems in antimicrobial therapy globally, es...

This paper has reviewed researches that obtained from peer-reviewed literatures on Salmonellosis and Shigellosis. Foodborne diseases related to unhygienic food handling practices remain a major public health problem across the globe. The problem is severe in developing countries due to limitations in securing optimal hygienic food handling practices. Data shows that an estimated 70 % of cases of diarrheal diseases are associated with the consumption of foods contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Among these microorganisms Salmonella and Shigella are the major ones. In this review, it is noted that these potentially pathogens are still public health problems. Therefore, there needs to be frequent monitory and evaluation system so as to plan intervention strategies for at risk population in the area of water sanitation and hygienic food handling practice to minimize the burden posed by the diseases associated with Salmonellosis and Shigellosis.

This article describes the current status of MDR-TB and the epidemic of MDR-TB and HIV co-infection in worldwide. TB is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis that transmitted through aerosol droplets and one of the world’s most devastating human pathogens that cause more than 2 million deaths annually. On the other hand, Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) caused by M. tuberculosis strains resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RMP) has emerged as a significant global epidemic resulting largely from deficiencies in TB case management and program management. Subsequently, there are alarming reports of increasing drug resistance from various parts of the globe. Moreover, the most important risk factor for the development of MDR-TB is previous anti-tuberculosis therapy. Studies indicated that approximately 425,000 MDR-TB cases occur annually worldwide, representing nearly 5% of the world’s annual TB burden. On the other hand, the hu...

This paper has reviewed researches that obtained from peer-reviewed literatures on Salmonellosis and Shigellosis. Foodborne diseases related to unhygienic food handling practices remain a major public health problem across the globe. The problem is severe in developing countries due to limitations in securing optimal hygienic food handling practices. Data shows that an estimated 70% of cases of diarrheal diseases are associated with the consumption of foods contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Among these microorganisms Salmonella and Shigella are the major ones. In this review, it is noted that these potentially pathogens are still public health problems. Therefore, there needs to be frequent monitory and evaluation system so as to plan intervention strategies for at risk population in the area of water sanitation and hygienic food handling practice to minimize the burden posed by the diseases associated with Salmonellosis and Shigellosis. Keywords : Diarrheal diseases; Foo...

Background : Pain is a personal and subjective experience with few or no objective measurements. Pain has been defined in many different ways by health professionals. Some of the definitions enhance the nurses’ ability to assess the patient who is in pain by helping the nurse to focus on specific aspects of pain experience. The nurse may define pain control difficult problem faced in providing total care for individual patients. It is however, one of the most important areas of care because people can’t function fully when they are in pain. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess nurses’ approach to pain assessment in relation to patient satisfaction at Asella hospital. Methods : A cross -sectional study was conducted in Asella hospital. Convenience sampling technique was applied to select the study subjects. Data was collected by using pretested structured questionnaires from staff nurses of surgical ward and patients admitted in surgical ward. Result: Regarding pain assessment t...

Paper currencies could be one of the most potential vehicles to transmit diseases amongst the people. The daily transactions have made the paper currency to pass through many hands and pathogens become imposed on them before they are finally deposited in banks. Modern scientific studies have confirmed the presence of various pathogenic bacteria on paper currencies. Amongst others, Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella spp., Citrobacter spp., Mycobacterium leprae , Shigella sp., Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeroginosa , Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli were the dominant contaminants of paper currency samples. Furthermore, researches have also shown that paper currencies could be contaminated by several fungal pathogens like Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus flavus , Rhizopus spp., Penicillium spp., Candida spp., Trichoderma spp., Trichoderma viride , Alternaria tenuis, A. paraticus , Sporotrichum spp. and  Fusarium spp. Besides, several studies revealed that, paper moneys were also...

The rationale of this review is to describe the current status of Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) and the epidemic of MDR-TB and HIV co-infection through a systematic review of the literature in worldwide. TB is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis that transmitted through aerosol droplets and one of the world’s most devastating human pathogens that cause more than 2 million deaths annually. On the other hand, Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) caused by M. tuberculosis strains resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RMP) has emerged as a significant global epidemic resulting largely from deficiencies in TB case management and program management. Subsequently, there are alarming reports of increasing drug resistance from various parts of the globe. Moreover, the most important risk factor for the development of MDR-TB is previous anti-tuberculosis therapy. Studies indicated that approximately 425,000 MDR-TB cases occur ...

The present study has undertaken to assess the water quality as well potential source of contamination of Rebu River by considering effluent discharged from soap and detergent factory. In the study, three sampling sites along the river course have chosen based on the objectives of the study and potential source of pollution. Composite sampling technique has used to collect the water samples and analyzed for some physic-chemical parameters and heavy metals using HACH’s Spectrophotometer and FAAS by following standard laboratory procedure. The instruments have calibrated using de-ionized water and standard solution by following standard procedures. The water quality was relatively acceptable at upstream (site A) of the river while both the physic chemical and heavy metals at sites B and C became impaired, an inference that might suggested a significant pollution from soap and detergent effluents and municipal discharges. Site B (effluent discharge site) recorded high values in E.C. (1...