Karen Aulrich

Composition of feeds from GMO crops were determined as well as digestion and feeding experiments were carried out with broilers (Bt-corn), layers (Bt-Corn, Pat-corn), pigs (Bt-corn, Pat-sugar beet, soybeans), sheep (Bt-corn silage, Pat-corn silage), growing bulls (Bt-corn silage) and fistulated cows (Bt-corn silage). Up to now, no significant differences in nutritional value between feeds from isogenic and transgenic plants of the first generation were observed. The so-called substantial equivalence, but also the nutritional equivalence of transgenic hybrids could be demonstrated. Recombinant plant DNA constructs were not detected in animal tissues samples. In the future, long term feeding experiments for nutritional assessment of novel feeds should be combined with risk assessment studies. Proposal for discussion has been submitted.

... 1 Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Institut für Ökologischen Landbau, Trenthorst 32, 23847 Westerau, tanja.stuhr@vti.bund.de, karen ... Daher stellt sich S. aureus als hoch ansteckender Keim, mit schlechten Behandlungserfolgen des infizierten Euters, dar, bei dem lange ...

By use of an in vitro model, the effects of NSP-degrading enzymes on the cage effect and the hydration properties were demonstrated using wheat bran. The in vitro model simulates the conditions (pH, dry matter, temperature and transit time) in the fore sections of the porcine gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) by neglecting endogenous enzyme activities. Enzyme treatment caused a dose-dependent increase in wheat bran solubility and thus resulted in improved protein and mineral release from the insoluble NSP fraction. Up to 17% protein and 40% crude ash from the insoluble NSP-fraction were dissolved after enzyme treatment. Hydrating properties of wheat bran were strongly affected by enzyme treatment and particle size. Water-binding capacity (WBC) and water-holding capacity (WHC) decreased with increasing enzyme dosage in dependence on particle size. The studies confirmed the applicability of the tested in vitro model as a useful tool for preliminary tests to estimate the effects of NSP-degrading enzymes on nutrient release and changes in some physico-chemical properties.

In the present study we address the development of a rapid technique –NIRS– for the evaluation of organically produced feedstuffs in Trenthorst (Germany). The exclusive use of organically produced animal feedstuffs is fixed in the EU-VO 2092/91 for the year 2011. The differences of the contents of crude nutrients between the data of conventionally and organically analysed feedstuffs, as well as the possible differences of the contents from year to year, point out that a satisfying calculation of feed rations needs an exact knowledge of the chemical constituents of the feed components used. Therefore, well-defined material from field trials of the experimental station of the Institute of Organic Farming in Trenthorst of the years 2002-2005 was used for the determination of the contents of crude nutrients and energy in different grain legumes and cereals. All samples were analysed by classical chemical methods and also scanned by NIRS. Predictions of crude protein, crude ash, ether ex...

Legumes as protein feedstuffs could solve the problems of protein supply in organic farming. To evaluate the quality of these feedstuffs the NIRS could be used to predict the main ingredients. The basic for a successful application of the NIRS are stable calibration equations for the prediction of the ingredients. Therefore reference analyses are necessary. In the presented investigation 200 legumes were analysed by classical chemical methods and also by NIRS. The measured reference data were used to develop NIRS equations. Using two-thirds of the samples as a calibration set and the remaining samples as a validation set NIRS equations were calculated by partial least square regression and different pretreatments of spectra. Prediction was satisfactory for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and crude fiber. NIRS prediction was less accurate for crude ash. On the improvement of the NIRS equations should be further worked.

Der ständig wachsende Marktanteil ökologisch erzeugter Milch erfordert leistungsstarke und zuverlässige Methoden zur Herkunftssicherung der Milch. Die Zusammensetzung der Milch, speziell die Gehalte an ω3-Fettsäuren (FS) werden im Wesentlichen durch die Fütterung beeinflusst. Deshalb wurde die NIRS als mögliche Alternative zur Gaschromatographie (GC) für die quantitative Analyse der FS bewertet und ihre Eignung für die Unterscheidung von ökologisch und konventionell produzierter Milch geprüft. Um variable Effekte der Fütterung einschließlich saisonaler Effekte aufzuzeigen, wurden zwei konventionell und eine ökologisch erzeugte Markenmilch im zweiwöchigen Abstand über 18 Monate im Einzelhandel gekauft. Zusätzlich wurde im gleichen Intervall eine ökologisch erzeugte Milch direkt ab Hof bezogen. Die FS-Gehalte wurden mittels GC bestimmt und für die Entwicklung von NIRS Kalibrationen verwendet. Für die Vorhersage der Gehalte an C18:3ω3 wurde ein Standardfehler (SEP) von 0,099 % und ein ...

Plant breeders have made and will continue to make important contributions toward meeting the need for more and better feed and food. The use of new techniques to modify the genetic makeup of plants to improve their properties has led to a new generation of crops, grains and their by-products for feed. The use of ingredients and products from genetically modified plants (GMP) in animal nutrition properly raises many questions and issues, such as the role of a nutritional assessment of the modified feed or feed additive as part of safety assessment, the possible influence of genetically modified (GM) products on animal health and product quality and the persistence of the recombinant DNA and of the 'novel' protein in the digestive tract and tissues of food-producing animals. During the last few years many studies have determined the nutrient value of GM feeds compared to their conventional counterparts and some have additionally followed the fate of DNA and novel protein. The results available to date are reassuring and reveal no significant differences in the safety and nutritional value of feedstuffs containing material derived from the so-called 1st generation of genetically modified plants (those with unchanged gross composition) in comparison with non-GM varieties. In addition, no residues of recombinant DNA or novel proteins have been found in any organ or tissue samples obtained from animals fed with GMP. These results indicate that for compositionally equivalent GMP routine-feeding studies with target species generally add little to nutritional and safety assessment. However, the strategies devised for the nutritional and safety assessment of the 1st generation products will be much more difficult to apply to 2nd generation GMP in which significant changes in constituents have been deliberately introduced (e.g., increased fatty acids or amino acids content or a reduced concentration of undesirable constituents). It is suggested that studies made with animals will play a much more important role in insuring the safety of these 2nd generation constructs.

On 22 pairs of organic and conventional dairy farms in Germany amount, storage, use and quality data of livestock manure were determined over three years. The emissions of CH4, N2O und NH3 and the associated global warming potential were calculated based on manure composition and storage conditions for each farm. Only two organic farms exclusively had solid manures, six conventional farms had only liquid manure. The ranges of dry matter, organic matter and nutrient contents in the manures were wide in both farming systems. Corresponding to the lower NH4-N and total-N concentrations found in manures of organic farms lower N2O and NH3-emissions from storage of liquid manures, lower mean NH3-emissions from storage of solid manures as well as their associated greenhouse gas emissions were calculated. Significant mean differences of the CH4-emission-potential of manures between organic and conventional farms were not found. Also the mean total global warming potentials of manure storage ...

Composition of feeds from GMO crops were determined as well as digestion and feeding experiments were carried out with broilers (Bt-corn), layers (Bt-Corn, Pat-corn), pigs (Bt-corn, Pat-sugar beet, soybeans), sheep (Bt-corn silage, Pat-corn silage), growing bulls (Bt-corn silage) and fistulated cows (Bt-corn silage). Up to now, no significant differences in nutritional value between feeds from isogenic and transgenic plants of the first generation were observed. The so-called substantial equivalence, but also the nutritional equivalence of transgenic hybrids could be demonstrated. Recombinant plant DNA constructs were not detected in animal tissues samples. In the future, long term feeding experiments for nutritional assessment of novel feeds should be combined with risk assessment studies. Proposal for discussion has been submitted.

Investigations were conducted to assess the effect of duodenal infusions of oleic and linoleic acids both on milk composition and fatty acid patterns of milk fat. The investigations were carried out in two trials, I and II, each with 3 cows, fitted with a ruminal and a duodenal cannula. 56 g of oleic acid (Trial I) and 46 g linoleic acid (Trial II) were infused daily into the duodenum over a period of 7 days, while no application of fatty acids acted as a control in each case. An increase in milk fat content was observed in both trials whereas the content of protein and lactose in milk remained unaffected. In both trials the milk oleic acid and linoleic acid concentrations increased. In trial I C18:1 increased from 14.8 to 18.7%. In trial II C18:2 increased from 2.5 to 5.8% of total lipids. It was estimated that 84.8% of the infused C18:1 and 86.5% of C18:2 were transferred into milk fat.

By use of an in vitro model, the effects of NSP-degrading enzymes on the cage effect and the hydration properties were demonstrated using wheat bran. The in vitro model simulates the conditions (pH, dry matter, temperature and transit time) in the fore sections of the porcine gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) by neglecting endogenous enzyme activities. Enzyme treatment caused a dose-dependent increase in wheat bran solubility and thus resulted in improved protein and mineral release from the insoluble NSP fraction. Up to 17% protein and 40% crude ash from the insoluble NSP-fraction were dissolved after enzyme treatment. Hydrating properties of wheat bran were strongly affected by enzyme treatment and particle size. Water-binding capacity (WBC) and water-holding capacity (WHC) decreased with increasing enzyme dosage in dependence on particle size. The studies confirmed the applicability of the tested in vitro model as a useful tool for preliminary tests to estimate the effects of NSP-degrading enzymes on nutrient release and changes in some physico-chemical properties.