A kalászfuzáriózis kórokozóinak PCR-dianosztikán alapuló azonosítása és a meteorológiai adatgyűjtésen alapuló elemzés igazolta, hogy a klasszikus Fusarium járványmodell magyarországi viszonyok között nem érvényesül. Nálunk másodlagos... more
A kalászfuzáriózis kórokozóinak PCR-dianosztikán alapuló azonosítása és a meteorológiai adatgyűjtésen alapuló elemzés igazolta, hogy a klasszikus Fusarium járványmodell magyarországi viszonyok között nem érvényesül. Nálunk másodlagos gombafertőzés okozza a betegséget, és ez vezethet mikotoxin szennyeződéshez. A komposztlakó Trichoderma nemzetség tagjait összetett lignocellulózbontó enzimrendszer jellemzi; a szinergista kölcsönhatásban együttműködő enzimek biztosítják a mezőgazdasági hulladékok különösen hatékony reciklizációját. Homológia modellezéssel három CMV-izolátum (Trk7,R,M) köpenyfehérje -szerkezetét készítettük el, majd ezeknek a modelleknek a felhasználásával értelmeztük azt, hogy a köpenyfehérje egy-egy aminosavának változása miért okozhat jelentős változásokat a tünetek fenotípusában, illetve a gazdanövénykörben. A CP-térszerkezet és a tünetek összefüggéseit vizsgálva elmondhatjuk, hogy a 129-es aminosavval kezdődő βE-αEF hurok mozgékonyságának döntő szerepe van a tünete...
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Forty-six strains representing 15 species of Drechslera, five of Bipolaris and four of Exserohilum, as well as two formae of Drechslera teres were compared by RAPD analysis. Drechslera formed a large, heterologous group, while species of... more
Forty-six strains representing 15 species of Drechslera, five of Bipolaris and four of Exserohilum, as well as two formae of Drechslera teres were compared by RAPD analysis. Drechslera formed a large, heterologous group, while species of Bipolaris and Exserohilum were more closely related. Strong pair-wise affinities were observed between D. graminea and D. teres, D. tritici-repentis and D. bromi, D. siccans and D. biseptata, D. fugax and D. poae, B. sorghicola and B. zeicola, as well as between E. rostratum and E. turcicum.
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For two fungal strains to be vegetatively compatible and capable of forming a stable vegetative heterokaryon they must carry matching alleles at a series of loci variously termed het or vic genes. Cloned het/vic genes from Neurospora... more
For two fungal strains to be vegetatively compatible and capable of forming a stable vegetative heterokaryon they must carry matching alleles at a series of loci variously termed het or vic genes. Cloned het/vic genes from Neurospora crassa and Podospora anserina have no obvious functional similarity and have various cellular functions. Our objective was to identify the homologue of the Neurospora het-c gene in Fusarium proliferatum and to determine if this gene has a vegetative compatibility function in this economically important and widely dispersed fungal pathogen. In F. proliferatum and five other closely related Fusarium species we found a few differences in the DNA sequence, but the changes were silent and did not alter the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein. Deleting the gene altered sexual fertility as the female parent, but it did not alter male fertility or existing vegetative compatibility interactions. Replacement of the allele-specific portion of the coding s...
Research Interests: Biology, Medicine, Multidisciplinary, Neurospora crassa, Gene Cloning, and 13 moreFusarium, Applied Environmental Microbiology, Male Fertility, Fungal Pathogens, Molecular cloning, Convergent Evolution, Antifungal Agents, Vegetative compatibility, Amino Acid Sequence, Similarity Function, DNA sequence, Molecular Sequence Data, and alleles
During sclerotial infection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans penetrates through the host cell wall, which contains β-1,3-glucan as its major component. A PCR-based strategy was used to clone a... more
During sclerotial infection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans penetrates through the host cell wall, which contains β-1,3-glucan as its major component. A PCR-based strategy was used to clone a β-1,3-glucanase-encoding gene, designated cmg1 , from a cDNA library of the fungus. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of this gene showed high levels of similarity to the sequences of other fungal exo-β-1,3-glucanase genes. The calculated molecular mass of the deduced protein (without the predicted 24-amino-acid N-terminal secretion signal peptide) was 83,346 Da, and the estimated pI was 4.73. Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVSc1 expressing the cmg1 gene secreted a ∼100-kDa β-1,3-glucanase enzyme (as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) into the culture medium. N-terminal sequence analysis of the purified recombinant enzyme revealed that the secreted enzyme starts at Ala-32, seven amino acids downstream from the pre...
Research Interests: Electron Microscopy, Biology, Medicine, Multidisciplinary, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and 15 moreApplied Environmental Microbiology, Enzyme, Field Study, Crop Rotation, Molecular Mass, SIGNAL PEPTIDE, Long Term Effect, Amino Acid Sequence, Cell Wall, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, cDNA library, Nucleotides, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, culture medium, and Expression pattern
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Stress sensitivity of three related phytopathogenic Fusarium species (Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium verticillioides) to different oxidative, osmotic, cell wall, membrane, fungicide stressors and an antifungal... more
Stress sensitivity of three related phytopathogenic Fusarium species (Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium verticillioides) to different oxidative, osmotic, cell wall, membrane, fungicide stressors and an antifungal protein (PAF) were studied in vitro. The most prominent and significant differences were found in oxidative stress tolerance: all the three F. graminearum strains showed much higher sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and, to a lesser extent, to menadione than the other two species. High sensitivity of F. verticillioides strains was also detectable to an azole drug, Ketoconazole. Surprisingly, no or limited differences were observed in response to other oxidative, osmotic and cell wall stressors. These results indicate that fungal oxidative stress response and especially the response to hydrogen peroxide (this compound is involved in a wide range of plant-fungus interactions) might be modified on niche-specific manner in these phylogenetically related Fusar...
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There is a urgent need to develop a rational strategy for managing Fusarium ear blight in order to reduce current reliance on routine fungicide applications, based on an objective assessment of disease risks. One of important components... more
There is a urgent need to develop a rational strategy for managing Fusarium ear blight in order to reduce current reliance on routine fungicide applications, based on an objective assessment of disease risks. One of important components for such a management strategy is a fast, easy, accurate and reliable method for disease assessment. The relationship between incidence of Fusarium ear
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A trichodiene synthase gene (Tri5) was amplified from F. poae by polymerase chain reaction using synthetic primers constructed on the basis of the coding portion of the same gene from F. sporotrichioides. Sequence analysis showed a high... more
A trichodiene synthase gene (Tri5) was amplified from F. poae by polymerase chain reaction using synthetic primers constructed on the basis of the coding portion of the same gene from F. sporotrichioides. Sequence analysis showed a high degree of similarity with other trichodiene synthase genes. A 378 bp HindIII fragment of the gene that contains the genetic information for the putative active site of the trichodiene synthase enzyme was radiolabelled and used for dot blot analysis. This probe could detect Tri5 hybridization in 1-10 ng DNA of fusaria that have the genetic potentiality to synthesize toxic trichothecene compounds, but gave no reaction with trichothecene nonproducing members of the genus. When other fungi reported to produce trichothecenes (Myrothecium, Stachybotrys, Trichoderma, Trichothecium spp.) were tested, only strains of Myrothecium and Stachybotrys gave strong positive reaction. Faint but consistent hybridization signals were obtained in four species (F. semitec...
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The similar sized double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements present in vegetatively compatible strains of Fusarium poae were always genetically related, while vegetatively incompatible strains of the fungus contained either homologous or... more
The similar sized double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements present in vegetatively compatible strains of Fusarium poae were always genetically related, while vegetatively incompatible strains of the fungus contained either homologous or non-homologous dsRNAs of the same size. Electron microscopic observations revealed the co-existence of encapsidated and naked dsRNA elements in the same host. A mycovirus, named FUPO-1 was purified from strain A-11 and was found to contain two kinds of dsRNA segments, dsRNA 1 and dsRNA 2. The dsRNA genome of these segments was converted to cDNA clones by reverse transcription and the clones were subjected to sequence analysis. The single long open reading frame deduced from the sequence of dsRNA 1 showed similarities to the putative coat protein genes known from other mycoviruses, while conserved motifs of an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase were identified in the predicted amino acid sequence of dsRNA 2. The genome organization and certain sequence motifs o...
Research Interests: Genetics, Biology, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Medicine, Sequence Analysis, and 15 moreRNA viruses, Biological Sciences, Fusarium, Nucleic acid hybridization, Genome Organization, Vegetative compatibility, Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Open Reading Frame, RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase, Electron Microscope, Molecular Sequence Data, cDNA cloning, Nucleotide sequence, and Medical and Health Sciences
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Fusarium acuminatum subsp. acuminatum and F. acuminatum subsp. armeniacum were subjected to comparative karyotype analysis. DifFerences in chro? mosome numbers and sizes were observed between the two taxa. When the karyotypes were probed... more
Fusarium acuminatum subsp. acuminatum and F. acuminatum subsp. armeniacum were subjected to comparative karyotype analysis. DifFerences in chro? mosome numbers and sizes were observed between the two taxa. When the karyotypes were probed with the trichodiene synthase gene Tox5, hybridization sig- nals occurred only in strains of F. acuminatum subsp. armeniacum, indicating that this subspecies has the ge? netic potential to produce trichothecene type myco? toxins, while F. acuminatum subsp. acuminatum is ge? netically incapable of synthesizing these compounds. Molecular karyotypes of F. acuminatum subsp. ar? meniacum strains were very similar to those of F. spo- rotrichioides isolates suggesting a strong phylogenetic relationship between the two fungi.
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The presence of double-stranded RNA elements was examined in 123 strains representing 18 Mucor species. These genetic elements were found to be present in 6 strains: 1 M. aligarensis, 1 M. hiemalis, 2 M. corticolus, 1 M. mucedo and 1 M.... more
The presence of double-stranded RNA elements was examined in 123 strains representing 18 Mucor species. These genetic elements were found to be present in 6 strains: 1 M. aligarensis, 1 M. hiemalis, 2 M. corticolus, 1 M. mucedo and 1 M. ramannianus. Electrophoretic separation of the nucleic acids revealed 4 different RNA patterns, with 1 to 5 discrete dsRNA bands. The molecular weights corresponding to these bands were 1.42-4.15 x 10(6) D. Using electronmicroscopy, for the first time the presence of virus like particles in Mucor species has been revealed.
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The similar sized double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements present in vegetatively compatible strains of Fusarium poae were always genetically related, while vegetatively incompatible strains of the fungus contained either homologous or... more
The similar sized double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements present in vegetatively compatible strains of Fusarium poae were always genetically related, while vegetatively incompatible strains of the fungus contained either homologous or non-homologous dsRNAs of the same size. Electron microscopic observations revealed the co-existence of encapsidated and naked dsRNA elements in the same host. A mycovirus, named FUPO-1 was purified from strain A-11 and was found to contain two kinds of dsRNA segments, dsRNA 1 and dsRNA 2. The dsRNA genome of these segments was converted to cDNA clones by reverse transcription and the clones were subjected to sequence analysis. The single long open reading frame deduced from the sequence of dsRNA 1 showed similarities to the putative coat protein genes known from other mycoviruses, while conserved motifs of an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase were identified in the predicted amino acid sequence of dsRNA 2. The genome organization and certain sequence motifs o...
Research Interests: Genetics, Biology, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Medicine, Sequence Analysis, and 15 moreRNA viruses, Biological Sciences, Fusarium, Nucleic acid hybridization, Genome Organization, Vegetative compatibility, Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Open Reading Frame, RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase, Electron Microscope, Molecular Sequence Data, cDNA cloning, Nucleotide sequence, and Medical and Health Sciences
Isozymes from 18 isolates representing seven species of the Fusarium sections Arthrosporiella and Sporotrichiella were compared by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. Of the six enzyme systems tested esterase and malate... more
Isozymes from 18 isolates representing seven species of the Fusarium sections Arthrosporiella and Sporotrichiella were compared by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. Of the six enzyme systems tested esterase and malate dehydrogenase showed the largest variation. A numerical analysis of the pI values determined for acid phosphatase, esterase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucose isomerase and phosphoglucomutase resulted in a dendrogam demonstrating the taxonomical relationships of the seven species. Fusarium avenaceum and Fusarium pallidoroseum were the two most closely related species. The high degree of isoenzyme dissimilarity among Fusarium chlamydosporum, Fusarium poae, Fusarium tricinctum, the fungi that produce pyriform or citriform microconidia, suggests that they are distinct species and their reduction to a variety level is not reasonable. The taxonomical distinctness of Fusarium camptoceras, a lesser known and rarely occurring fu...
Research Interests: Fusarium and Isoenzymes
The similar-sized double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements present in vegetatively compatible strains of Fusarium poae were always genetically related, while vegetatively incompatible strains of the fungus contained either homologous or... more
The similar-sized double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements present in vegetatively compatible strains of Fusarium poae were always genetically related, while vegetatively incompatible strains of the fungus contained either homologous or non-homologous dsRNAs of the same size. Electron microscopic observations revealed the co-existence of encapsidated and naked dsRNA elements in the same host. A mycovirus, named FUPO-1 was purified from strain A-11
Research Interests: Genetics, Biology, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Medicine, Sequence Analysis, and 15 moreRNA viruses, Biological Sciences, Fusarium, Nucleic acid hybridization, Genome Organization, Vegetative compatibility, Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Open Reading Frame, RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase, Electron Microscope, Molecular Sequence Data, cDNA cloning, Nucleotide sequence, and Medical and Health Sciences
Abstracts of papers presented at the 14th conference of the Weed Science Society of Israel Abstracts of papers presented at the international conference on controlled atmosphere and fumigation (CAF) in stored products Abstracts of papers presented at the joint international conference of FAOPMA —...more
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Research Interests: Plant Biology and Biology
Abstract The binding of [ 14 C]carbendazim to tubulin-like and other soluble proteins was investigated in six strains of Fusarium oxysporum , two of them sensitive and four resistant to benomyl. The resistance in the latter ones was... more
Abstract The binding of [ 14 C]carbendazim to tubulin-like and other soluble proteins was investigated in six strains of Fusarium oxysporum , two of them sensitive and four resistant to benomyl. The resistance in the latter ones was controlled by two different genes. The intact mycelium of the two resistant strains did not accumulate less fungicide from the incubation medium than a sensitive strain did. The fraction corresponding to the molecular weight of tubulin bound significantly less [ 14 C]carbendazim per milligram protein in the resistant strains than in the sensitive ones. Thus, the main biochemical feature of the resistant mutants studied here is their impaired carbendazim-binding activity. This alteration does not affect the site of action of phenylcarbamates. The decrease in binding of carbendazim is most pronounced in the strains possessing the ben1 mutation (8–12% of that in the sensitive strains). The binding of carbendazim to proteins of the whole extract was not lower in the resistant strains; moreover, it was significantly higher in ben2 mutants than in sensitive strains. This aspecific binding indicates that mutation at the ben2 locus affected not only tubulin but some other proteins as well.
Research Interests: Genetics, Biology, Biological Sciences, Resistance, Proteins, and 3 moreStrain, Tubulin, and Thallophyta
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Research Interests: Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Horizontal Gene Transfer, Gene expression, Cellulase, and 13 morePhylogeny, Sequence alignment, Temperature, Biological evolution, Molecular cloning, Actinomycetales, Time Factors, Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Recombinant Proteins, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Molecular Sequence Data, and conserved sequence
Research Interests: Microbiology, Polymorphism, Biology, Industrial Biotechnology, Medicine, and 15 moreFood Microbiology, Phylogeny, Fusarium, Maize, Mycotoxins, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Phylogenetic analysis, Chemical Analysis, Reproductive Isolation, Zea mays, Group, Food Contamination, Food Sciences, Species Specificity, and DNA sequence
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We report the isolation and expression profiles of a single-copy gene from the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma hamatum encoding a 60 S cytoplasmic ribosomal protein. The gene, named RPL36, was cloned through its nutrient-mediated... more
We report the isolation and expression profiles of a single-copy gene from the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma hamatum encoding a 60 S cytoplasmic ribosomal protein. The gene, named RPL36, was cloned through its nutrient-mediated expression, using mRNA differential screening. Its predicted ORF, interrupted by two introns, encoded a 105-aa polypeptide. The deduced rpL36 protein showed high overall homologies with other L36-type ribosomal proteins isolated from yeast, rat and human. Analysis of the promoter region of RPL36 revealed the presence of two ribosomal protein gene (RPG) boxes and a T-rich region known to be involved in the regulation of most ribosomal protein genes. Expression of RPL36 was tightly regulated by carbon and nitrogen availability. The mRNA levels of this gene decreased upon exposure of the mycelium to different stresses, whereas the addition of cycloheximide resulted in a super-induction. Levels of RPL36 transcripts also increased during mycoparasitic interaction between T. hamatum and Botrytis cinerea.
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Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to identify karyotypes for eight species of the Fusarium sections Arthrosporiella and Sporotrichiella. The total number of chromosome-sized DNA molecules varied from six to nine, depending on the... more
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to identify karyotypes for eight species of the Fusarium sections Arthrosporiella and Sporotrichiella. The total number of chromosome-sized DNA molecules varied from six to nine, depending on the species. The sizes of chromosomes ranged from 0.4 to approximately 6.5 Mb which gave estimates of genome size of between 27.0 and 29.9 Mb. When fractionated chromosomes of the eight species were probed with Tox5, a gene coding for the key-enzyme of trichothecene biosynthesis, strong hybridization signals developed in F. poae and F. sporotrichioides, suggesting that of the eight species examined only these two have the genetic potentiality to produce trichothecene mycotoxins. By using heterologous probes from Aspergillus different rRNA loci have also been mapped on Fusarium chromosomes.
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Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to identify karyotypes for eight species of the Fusarium sections Arthrosporiella and Sporotrichiella. The total number of chromosome-sized DNA molecules varied from six to nine, depending on the... more
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to identify karyotypes for eight species of the Fusarium sections Arthrosporiella and Sporotrichiella. The total number of chromosome-sized DNA molecules varied from six to nine, depending on the species. The sizes of chromosomes ranged from 0.4 to approximately 6.5 Mb which gave estimates of genome size of between 27.0 and 29.9 Mb. When fractionated chromosomes of the eight species were probed with Tox5, a gene coding for the key-enzyme of trichothecene biosynthesis, strong hybridization signals developed in F. poae and F. sporotrichioides, suggesting that of the eight species examined only these two have the genetic potentiality to produce trichothecene mycotoxins. By using heterologous probes from Aspergillus different rRNA loci have also been mapped on Fusarium chromosomes.
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Research Interests: Microbiology, Polymorphism, Biology, Industrial Biotechnology, Medicine, and 15 moreFood Microbiology, Phylogeny, Fusarium, Maize, Mycotoxins, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Phylogenetic analysis, Chemical Analysis, Reproductive Isolation, Zea mays, Group, Food Contamination, Food Sciences, Species Specificity, and DNA sequence
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The presence of double-stranded RNA elements was examined in 123 strains representing 18 Mucor species. These genetic elements were found to be present in 6 strains: 1 M. aligarensis, 1 M. hiemalis, 2 M. corticolus, 1 M. mucedo and 1 M.... more
The presence of double-stranded RNA elements was examined in 123 strains representing 18 Mucor species. These genetic elements were found to be present in 6 strains: 1 M. aligarensis, 1 M. hiemalis, 2 M. corticolus, 1 M. mucedo and 1 M. ramannianus. Electrophoretic separation of the nucleic acids revealed 4 different RNA patterns, with 1 to 5 discrete dsRNA bands. The molecular weights corresponding to these bands were 1.42-4.15 x 10(6) D. Using electronmicroscopy, for the first time the presence of virus like particles in Mucor species has been revealed.
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Conidium production was significantly reduced in three independent ΔFvMAT1-2-1 gene disruption mutants of F. verticillioides as compared to the wild type parental strain, when fungi were incubated on carrot agar either under diurnal... more
Conidium production was significantly reduced in three independent ΔFvMAT1-2-1 gene disruption mutants of F. verticillioides as compared to the wild type parental strain, when fungi were incubated on carrot agar either under diurnal illumination conditions or in total darkness. The conidiation specific con10 gene was expressed constitutively at low levels in the wild type strain, whereas levels of con10 transcripts were drastically reduced in the the ΔFvMAT1-2-1/M15 mutant. These findings demonstrate that mutants, lacking the functional mat1-2-1 mating type gene have lost not only their sexual reproduction capability, but became also retarded in asexual sporulation indicating that mating type genes have positive functions during the asexual phase of the fungal life cycle.
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This work is an extended abstract of a presentation, held at the symposium ‘Non-specific and Specific Innate and Acquired Plant Resistance’ (August 31–September 3, 2006, Budapest, Hungary), devoted to the memory of the late Professor Dr.... more
This work is an extended abstract of a presentation, held at the symposium ‘Non-specific and Specific Innate and Acquired Plant Resistance’ (August 31–September 3, 2006, Budapest, Hungary), devoted to the memory of the late Professor Dr. Zoltan Klement, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Fusarium species use different reproduction strategies, ranging from frequent heterothallic mating to clonal reproduction. Mating type genes, the major regulators of sexual reproduction are fully functional in “asexual” members of the genus and they may affect important events not only in the sexual but also in the asexual phase of the life cycle of these fungi. Female sterility, a lesser known trait, which greatly influences the frequency of mating and meiotic recombination in fungi, is also affected by genes not directly related to sexual reproduction.