Lajos Nyiri

Public Procurement for the Promotion of R&D and Innovation in ICT L. Nyiri, D. Osimo, R. Özcivelek, C. Centeno, M. Cabrera EUR 22671EN ... Page 3. Public Procurement for the Promotion of R&D and Innovation in ICT L. Nyiri – D. Osimo - R. Özcivelek – C. Centeno – M. Cabrera ...

The Hungarian NIS has gone through a significant transition process since the early 1990s. The expansion of business R&D, both in terms of total expenditures and the number business R&D units, indicates a stronger base relying on which innovation capabilities can be improved, albeit from a low level. But the low hare of innovative firms and the huge difference between the foreign-owned and indigenous firms’ innovation activities highlight major challenges of the NIS. These figures suggest that Hungary continues to suffer from a dual economy syndrome: it is composed of highly productive and technologically intensive foreign-owned large firms, and fragile, financially and technologically weak indigenous SMEs. The period of 1990-2007 has not been long enough to find an appropriate position for science, technology and innovation (STI) in government policies and integrate this field effectively into an overall socio-economic development strategy. The low level of co-ordination and integration across policies results in ad hoc policy formation and implementation. In spite of the impressive number and range of STI policy measures, for most innovation performance indicators Hungary is lagging considerably behind most EU countries. A number of hypotheses can be put forward concerning the root cause of this major challenge. The most plausible one stresses the chief role of the so-called framework conditions. The macroeconomic situation, the structure of the economy, the level and type of competition, the overall entrepreneurship culture, and human resources have so unfavourable impacts on innovation activities of firms that the incentives provided by STI policy schemes cannot counterbalance those effects. The Hungarian national innovation system is challenged by the pressing need that the country should move from the dominance of low cost economic activities towards an innovation-driven economy. Several weaknesses of the current NIS inhibit this fundamental strategic move: low demand for innovation and R&D, slow diffusion of innovations, poor co-operation capabilities, and ineffective governance.

Abstract: While innovation policies, as well as innovation studies, have considered the public sector under its regulatory and enabling role, if not as an obstacle to innovation, a complementary proactive role of the public sector as a generator of innovation spill over can be envisaged and might be reinforced. It is expected that future European policies will give more attention to the public sector as a set of active institutions with a performing role in the whole economy and society, and in particular on innovation and R&D. In the field of ICT-based innovation, which is the scope of the paper, the public sector is a major purchaser of ICT goods and services, an important service provider to business through ICT, and a large employer of ICT-skilled employees. There is therefore a clear opportunity for the public sector to have a positive impact in the innovation system. The paper aims at setting the problem of the public sector role as a set of organisations fully part of the innovation system, rather than as an external actor. Firstly, it analyses the increased attention devoted to the proactive role of the public sector in recent policy documents. Then, on the background of theories of national systems of innovation, the paper explores how ICT-based innovation in the public sector can have a positive impact on the systems of innovation, and it outlines taxonomy of different types of impacts, drivers and barriers. Finally, it points to specific emerging or early stage technologies where public demand could anticipate the private one, and sets an agenda for future policy-oriented research in this field.JRC.J.4-Information Societ

A tudomany es technika teruleten az OECD-orszagok raforditasainak, a kormanyok szerepvallalasanak, az uzleti szfera erőfesziteseinek vizsgalata alapjan megallapithato, hogy a napjainkban meghatarozo tudasintenziv fejlődesi tipusban a gazdasagi novekedes fontos hajtoereje a kutatasi-fejlesztesi tevekenyseg. A nemzetkozi gyakorlatot elemezve, egyertelműen kimutathato a periferia es a dinamikus fejlődest felmutato orszagok strategiaja kozti kulonbseg. A valaszut ele erkezett Magyarorszagnak ezek ismereteben kell eldontenie: mikent tamaszkodik a versenykepesseget egyre inkabb meghatarozo tudasbazisra, es az uralkodo tendenciak tanulmanyozasa es figyelembevetele alapjan kell kialakitani a tudomany- es technologiapolitikat, amely a modernizacio gazdasagi es tarsadalmi feladatainak teljesiteset szolgalja.

The Hungarian NIS has gone through a significant transition process since the early 1990s. The expansion of business R&D, both in terms of total expenditures and the number business R&D units, indicates a stronger base relying on which innovation capabilities can be improved, albeit from a low level. But the low hare of innovative firms and the huge difference between the foreign-owned and indigenous firms’ innovation activities highlight major challenges of the NIS. These figures suggest that Hungary continues to suffer from a dual economy syndrome: it is composed of highly productive and technologically intensive foreign-owned large firms, and fragile, financially and technologically weak indigenous SMEs. The period of 1990-2007 has not been long enough to find an appropriate position for science, technology and innovation (STI) in government policies and integrate this field effectively into an overall socio-economic development strategy. The low level of co-ordination and integr...

This paper assesses the socio-economic impacts stemming from Research,Technological Development and Demonstration Framework Programmes (FPs) project participation in a transition economy. Some of the most significant impacts of Central and Eastern European participation in FPs can only be understood in the context of the changing national innovation systems (NIS). In other words, when assessing impacts, besides the ‘usual’ questions on product and process development, job creation, etc., a broader set of questions should be asked, concerning competences: managerial, project development, network and collaboration-building capabilities, i.e. the process, and elements, of organisational learning, broadly defined. Our main methodological argument is based on two underlying characteristics of the Hungarian NIS. First, it had been fragmented during the planned economy the academy-industry relations had been rather weak. Second, due to the overall socio-economic transition it is also in fl...

The Hungarian NIS has gone through a significant transition process since the early 1990s. The expansion of business R&D, both in terms of total expenditures and the number business R&D units, indicates a stronger base relying on which innovation capabilities can be improved, albeit from a low level. But the low hare of innovative firms and the huge difference between the foreign-owned and indigenous firms’ innovation activities highlight major challenges of the NIS. These figures suggest that Hungary continues to suffer from a dual economy syndrome: it is composed of highly productive and technologically intensive foreign-owned large firms, and fragile, financially and technologically weak indigenous SMEs. The period of 1990-2007 has not been long enough to find an appropriate position for science, technology and innovation (STI) in government policies and integrate this field effectively into an overall socio-economic development strategy. The low level of co-ordination and integr...