Innovation performance

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediator role of solidarity and intellectual capital elements within technocities on the relationship between resource dependency sub-dimensions and innovation performance. Research data's obtained from 234 participants who work in technocities were tested with structural equation model. Resource dependency dimensions, which are independent variables, were evaluated in two sub-dimensions; the importance of the resource (RIMP) and the availability of alternatives (AA). Uncertainty scale was evaluated in three sub-dimensions; ability to be a resource (AbiR), resource scarcity (RS) and resource interconnectedness (RINT). Mediating variables were planned as solidarity (SOL) and intellectual capital-human capital (H_C), social capital (S_C) and organizational capital (O_C)-The results of the analysis emphasized the importance of solidarity and intellectual capital in terms of dependency and uncertainty. In analyzing the mediation effects, three different models were tested and were determined to be parallel. The SOL and O_C dependents found to have a direct effect on the innovation performance (INP). According to Model 1; it can be stated that the RIMP has a direct and positive effect on INP, O_C and SOL. In the model 2; AA has a direct and positive effect on INP, O_C and SOL. In Model 3, the RINT has a direct effect on the INP, O_C and SOL. Based on AIC and R2 values calculated for comparison the SOL and O_C, the second model found to be best model among the others. Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediator role of solidarity and intellectual capital elements within technocities on the relationship between resource dependency sub-dimensions and innovation performance. Research data's obtained from 234 participants who work in technocities were tested with structural equation model. Resource dependency dimensions, which are independent variables, were evaluated in two sub-dimensions; the importance of the resource (RIMP) and the availability of alternatives (AA). Uncertainty scale was evaluated in three sub-dimensions; ability to be a resource (AbiR), resource scarcity (RS) and resource interconnectedness (RINT). Mediating variables were planned as solidarity (SOL) and intellectual capital-human capital (H_C), social capital (S_C) and organizational capital (O_C)-The results of the analysis emphasized the importance of solidarity and intellectual capital in terms of dependency and uncertainty. In analyzing the mediation effects, three different models were tested and were determined to be parallel. The SOL and O_C dependents found to have a direct effect on the innovation performance (INP). According to Model 1; it can be stated that the RIMP has a direct and positive effect on INP, O_C and SOL. In the model 2; AA has a direct and positive effect on INP, O_C and SOL. In Model 3, the RINT has a direct effect on the INP, O_C and SOL. Based on AIC and R2 values calculated for comparison the SOL and O_C, the second model found to be best model among the others.

Özet
İşletmelerin hayatta kalması ve rekabet ortamına ayak uydurabilmesi için yenilik performansları çok önemli bir unsurdur. Yenilik performansını lider davranışı ve iş görenin psikolojisi etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışma, işletmelerde dönüşümcü liderliğin yenilik performansı üzerindeki etkisinde pozitif psikolojik sermayenin rolünü tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Literatürde bu konuda yapılan çalışmalardaki araştırma eksikliğini doldurması amaçlanmaktadır. Kolayda örnekleme ile seçilen örneklem üzerinde anket yöntemiyle yapılan araştırmanın evrenini Konya 3. Organize Sanayi Bölgesi oluşturmaktadır. Dağıtılan anketlerin 464 adedinden dönüş alınmış olup 445 adedi geçerli sayılmıştır. Analizleri yaparken SPSS 20 programından yararlanılmıştır. Dönüşümcü liderlik, pozitif psikolojik sermaye ve yenilik performansı arasındaki ilişkilerin pozitif ve anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar daha önceki araştırmalarda elde edilen sonuçlarla uyumludur. Analiz sonucunda pozitif psikolojik sermayenin, dönüşümcü liderlik tarzı ile yenilik performansı arasındaki ilişkide kısmi aracılık etkisine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Abstract
Innovation performance is a very important factor in order to survive and keep up with the competitive environment. Leadership types and employee psychology may affect innovation performance as well. This study is conducted to determine the role of psychological capital in the effect of transformational leadership on innovation performance in enterprises. It is aimed that it will fill the lack of research in the literature on this subject. 3rd Organized Industrial Zone in Konya is the universe of the research on which the survey method is conducted on the sample selected by random sampling. 464 of the distributed questionnaires are returned and 445 of them are considered valid. SPSS 20 program is used to make the analyzes. The relationships between transformational leadership, psychological capital and innovation performance are found to be positive and significant complying with the previous researches. Also, it has been determined that positive psychological capital has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between transformational leadership style and innovation performance.

The Hungarian NIS has gone through a significant transition process since the early 1990s. The expansion of business R&D, both in terms of total expenditures and the number business R&D units, indicates a stronger base relying on which innovation capabilities can be improved, albeit from a low level. But the low hare of innovative firms and the huge difference between the foreign-owned and indigenous firms’ innovation activities highlight major challenges of the NIS. These figures suggest that Hungary continues to suffer from a dual economy syndrome: it is composed of highly productive and technologically intensive foreign-owned large firms, and fragile, financially and technologically weak indigenous SMEs. The period of 1990-2007 has not been long enough to find an appropriate position for science, technology and innovation (STI) in government policies and integrate this field effectively into an overall socio-economic development strategy. The low level of co-ordination and integration across policies results in ad hoc policy formation and implementation. In spite of the impressive number and range of STI policy measures, for most innovation performance indicators Hungary is lagging considerably behind most EU countries. A number of hypotheses can be put forward concerning the root cause of this major challenge. The most plausible one stresses the chief role of the so-called framework conditions. The macroeconomic situation, the structure of the economy, the level and type of competition, the overall entrepreneurship culture, and human resources have so unfavourable impacts on innovation activities of firms that the incentives provided by STI policy schemes cannot counterbalance those effects.
The Hungarian national innovation system is challenged by the pressing need that the country should move from the dominance of low cost economic activities towards an innovation-driven economy. Several weaknesses of the current NIS inhibit this fundamental strategic move: low demand for innovation and R&D, slow diffusion of innovations, poor co-operation capabilities, and ineffective governance.