Mediation Analysis

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediator role of solidarity and intellectual capital elements within technocities on the relationship between resource dependency sub-dimensions and innovation performance. Research data's obtained from 234 participants who work in technocities were tested with structural equation model. Resource dependency dimensions, which are independent variables, were evaluated in two sub-dimensions; the importance of the resource (RIMP) and the availability of alternatives (AA). Uncertainty scale was evaluated in three sub-dimensions; ability to be a resource (AbiR), resource scarcity (RS) and resource interconnectedness (RINT). Mediating variables were planned as solidarity (SOL) and intellectual capital-human capital (H_C), social capital (S_C) and organizational capital (O_C)-The results of the analysis emphasized the importance of solidarity and intellectual capital in terms of dependency and uncertainty. In analyzing the mediation effects, three different models were tested and were determined to be parallel. The SOL and O_C dependents found to have a direct effect on the innovation performance (INP). According to Model 1; it can be stated that the RIMP has a direct and positive effect on INP, O_C and SOL. In the model 2; AA has a direct and positive effect on INP, O_C and SOL. In Model 3, the RINT has a direct effect on the INP, O_C and SOL. Based on AIC and R2 values calculated for comparison the SOL and O_C, the second model found to be best model among the others. Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediator role of solidarity and intellectual capital elements within technocities on the relationship between resource dependency sub-dimensions and innovation performance. Research data's obtained from 234 participants who work in technocities were tested with structural equation model. Resource dependency dimensions, which are independent variables, were evaluated in two sub-dimensions; the importance of the resource (RIMP) and the availability of alternatives (AA). Uncertainty scale was evaluated in three sub-dimensions; ability to be a resource (AbiR), resource scarcity (RS) and resource interconnectedness (RINT). Mediating variables were planned as solidarity (SOL) and intellectual capital-human capital (H_C), social capital (S_C) and organizational capital (O_C)-The results of the analysis emphasized the importance of solidarity and intellectual capital in terms of dependency and uncertainty. In analyzing the mediation effects, three different models were tested and were determined to be parallel. The SOL and O_C dependents found to have a direct effect on the innovation performance (INP). According to Model 1; it can be stated that the RIMP has a direct and positive effect on INP, O_C and SOL. In the model 2; AA has a direct and positive effect on INP, O_C and SOL. In Model 3, the RINT has a direct effect on the INP, O_C and SOL. Based on AIC and R2 values calculated for comparison the SOL and O_C, the second model found to be best model among the others.

The procedure set for mediation analysis in the Baron and Ken-ny's (1986) classical research article did not go without criti-thanks to those critics, that Kenny (2012) had to bring a number of modifications and improvements through his today's contemporary mediation analytic procedure. This paper presents a comparison of what Baron and Kenny (1986) had originally proposed, and what Kenny (2012) has now suggested after incorporating critics' concerns. For this purpose, the two approaches of mediation analysis have been practically applied on an organizational justice-trust in supervisor-employees' job satisfaction case, wherein variable 'trust in supervisor' was used to mediate between various facets of organization justice and employees' job satisfaction. Whereas the classic approach required the estimation of the four paths (c, a, b & c'), through four steps and running three regression equations and testing for their statistical significance; the contemporary mediation analysis has shortened the paths from four to three (a, b & c'), requiring taking only two steps (Steps 2 and 3), and running two regression equations, declaring the first equation as unnecessary. The classic approach required that path b needs to become statistically significant and path c' insignificant in step 3 & 4 for a complete mediation; contemporary approach asks for adding c' with ab for determining total effect c, and then decomposing c in to direct effect (c'/c) and indirect or mediation effect (ab/c). Whereas classic approach aimed at solving for full or partial mediation in abstract form, the contemporary approach has the edge over the classic, in quantifying the mediation effect (ab). In case of our solved example, classic approach could only help to indicate that 'trust-in-supervisor variable is partially mediating', while in case of contemporary approach, mediation effect of this variable for INJ facet of organizational justice was not only quantified (17.36%) and tested for its non-zero effect, but zero-effect of other two facets, DJ and IJ, were also differentiated .

Forty-three spiritually distressed older women (aged 55–83) who had survived multiple types of interpersonal trauma participated in a spiritually focused group intervention designed to address spiritual struggles related to earlier abuse and to enhance spiritual coping. It was hypothesized that the intervention would increase spiritual well-being and that religious/spiritual coping would mediate the relationship between the intervention and the outcomes of depression, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, somatic symptoms, and
spiritual well-being. The results provide strong initial support for the importance of understanding the effect of negative religious/spiritual coping on depression and anxiety symptoms in older religious survivors of interpersonal trauma.

Background: COVID-19 represents a threat both for the physical and psychological health of oncological patients experiencing heightened distress levels to which the fear of the virus is also added. Moreover, fear of COVID-19 could lead oncological patients to experience feelings of hopelessness related to their medical care. Patient-centered communication may act as a buffer against the aforementioned variables. This study aimed to test the role of doctor-patient communication in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and hopelessness. Methods: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a sample of 90 oncological outpatients was recruited (40 males (44.4%) and 50 females (55.6%), mean age = 66.08 (SD = 12.12)). A structured interview was developed and used during the pandemic to measure the patients' perceived (A) fear of COVID-19, and (B) feelings of hopelessness, and (C) physicians' use of empathetic and (D) clear language during the consultation. A multiple mediation model was tested, and the effects between males and females were also compared. Results: Empathetic and clear doctor-patient communication buffered the adverse effect of the fear of COVID-19 on hopelessness through a full-mediation model. The effects did not differ between males and females in the overall model but its indirect effects. Discussions: Patient-centered communication using empathy and clear language can buffer the adverse effect of the fear of COVID-19 and protect oncological patients from hopelessness during the pandemic. These findings might help to improve clinical oncological practice.

willingnessto pay in a simple way. Using data on 427 Italian consumers regarding different organic logos, mediationand moderation analysis is applied for the first time in a discrete choice setting. We tested the hypothesisthat trust in logo mediates the relationship between the logo and consumer choice for organic labelledfood products. Results do not allow rejecting the hypothesis that trust in logo totally mediates the effectof the logo. Therefore, the willingness for organic products could be interpreted as “cost for trust”: thehigher the trust the higher the perceived value-for-money. The mediation effect of trust in logo doesnot vary across points-of-purchase or regions. Our novel approach is susceptible of various applicationswhen analysing choice data and can be extended further.