’Mohamed Yusuf

180 Nile tilapia fish were used in 3 months growth trial to study the effect of turmeric on growing tilapia. Fish were divided into three treatment groups. The first group T1 was given the basal diet without any supplementation of turmeric and served as the control group. The second groupT2 was given diet supplemented by 0.25% turmeric powder. The third groupT3 was given diet supplemented by 0.50% turmeric powder. At the end of the growth trial, fish were challenged with pathogenic Pseudomonas fluorescence. Turmeric supplementation non-significantly improved growth performance. There was a trend of higher values with increasing the turmeric supplementation level, and significant improvement in feed consumption in T3 compared toT1 and T2. Fish body composition was affected by turmeric supplementation. Crude protein content was significantly increased in T3 compared to T1. Ether extract content was significantly decreased with increasing the turmeric supplementation level as T1 was th...

This study was performed on 180 one week old Japanese quail chicks. They were divided into six groups. Treatments were as follows: G1 (control), G2 (1g lactose/ kg ), G3 (3g yeast/ kg), G4 (1g lactose + 3g yeast/ kg), G5 (2g benzoic acid + 5g citric acid / kg) and G6 (1g lactose + 2g benzoic acid +5g citric acid / kg). When the birds reached 42 days of age, all birds were sexed and transferred to layer cages the birds were divided into 6 groups each of 24 birds, which were subdivided into 3 replicates [2 males to 6 females in a 1:3 sex ratio] for 12 weeks reproductive and laying trial. They were fed all dry mash layer diets. The feed additives were continued in the same manner as in growth period. For each replicate, egg number, egg weight and egg mass as well as weekly feed intake, egg production and FCR were recorded. The eggs were collected twice daily from each group, stored at 18ºC for 6 days incubated in standard automatic incubator for 17 days to follow the effect of used feed additives on fertility, hatchability and chick quality. At the last three days of each egg collection period, eggs were collected from each replicate to evaluate egg quality traits [shell weight (wt.) and %, shell thickness, shape index, egg yolk wt. and % and albumin wt. and %]. Onset of egg laying and sexual maturity came earlier than the control in all treated groups. Mean egg production recorded higher values in G6, G5 and G2 respectively. Mean FCR was improved numerically in all treated groups when compared with the control. Mean values of egg weight and egg mass were numerically higher in all treated groups than the control. Shell quality parameters were not affected with any treatment compared with the control. While shape index was improved significantly in G2, G4 and G5, with numerical improve in G3 and G6. Mean values of egg albumin and egg yolk weight were improved in all treated groups. Mean values of egg yolk cholesterol were decreased significantly in G5 and G6 while it numerically decreased in other groups compared with the control. Higher fertility was recorded in G2, G5 and G6 respectively. Hatchability% of incubated and fertile eggs was higher than the control especially in G2 and G6. The hatched chick quality was higher than the control in G6, G5 and G2 respectively. Furthermore, all treatments improved hatched chick length when compared to the control.

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal level of an Oil Mixture (OM) supplementation in drinking water to enhance the performance of  older Japanese quail. Five hundred forty Japanese quail, 40 weeks old, were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups (90 female and 45 male/group) that received OM at 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mL LG1 of drinking water during the experimental period of 42 days. Egg production, egg quality, fertility and hatchability percentages were evaluated. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, total lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides were estimated. Livers were examined for histopathological changes. Results showed that birds received 0.5 mL LG1 of OM had significantly improved in most studied traits compared to the other treated and control groups. Laying rate, fertility, hatchability percentage, yolk index, internal quality unit and ovarian yellow follicle number were superior in 0.5 group than the other experimental groups. In contrast, birds received 1 or 2 mL had significantly higher concentrations of ALT and AST than birds that received 0.5 mL or control birds. Serum chemistry analysis revealed no significant effects due to treatments on kidney functions. Histopathological findings revealed disruption of normal hepatic architecture in birds that received 1 or 2 mL of OM supplementation compared to 0.5 mL and control birds. Our findings suggest that 0.5 mL LG1 of OM could be enough and useful in improving productive and physiological performance of laying Japanese quail.

This study was planned to determine the effect of normal protein/normal energy diet of adult Japanese quail (G1) compared with a low protein/low energy diet (G2), on some laying performances, egg quality, some reproductive performance traits, tibia ash contents, and some serum biochemical parameters. Each group was divided into 3 replicates 10 quails each, with sex ratio 1:4. The 2 diets were formulated to have the same calorie/protein ratio (145). The G1 of (20% CP and 2,900 kcal/kg diet, the second cost-effective diet G2 was 18% CP and 2,610 kcal/kg diet. The experimental period lasted 12 wk. The t-test was used to compare the values of means between the 2 groups (P < 0.05) and results indicated that dietary manipulation of G2 did not significantly (P < 0.05) differ from G1 in body weight change, daily feed intake, daily protein intake, egg production, egg weight, feed efficiency, mortality, egg shell thickness, egg albumen index, egg yolk index. Hatchability and fertility was significantly (P < 0.05) in G2 than G1, there were nonstatistical differences in hatched chick weight between G1 and G2. It was concluded that, dietary manipulation and using of 2%-low protein/low energy diets (with normal calorie/protein ratio-145) for laying Japanese quail may not affect the production.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of incorporating some
organic feed additives (lactose (G2), yeast (G3), lactose+yeast (G4),
benzoic+citric acid (G5) and lactose+benzoic+citric acid (G6) on
performances and immune status of one-week-old growing Japanese
quails in 35 days growth performance trial. Chicks were randomly
divided into 6 groups (30 birds each; mean weight 30.5g), each was
subdivided into 3 replicates (10 chicks each). Body weight, feed intake,
feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency were determined weekly. At the
end of the growing trial for birds at 42 days old, 36 birds (2
birds/replicate) were slaughtered for determination of carcass traits, and
the economic efficiency. Blood samples were collected for measuring
some serum biochemical parameters and immunoglobulin M (IgM). The
results showed that the BW increased significantly in G2 and G6
compared with control (G1). The average BWG was significantly higher
in all treatments compared to G1. Cumulative feed conversion ratio/bird
was improved in G2, G3 and G6. European efficiency index (EEI) was
significantly improved in G4, G5 and G6. There were significant
increases of circulating natural agglutinins and mean serum levels of IgM
in G4, G5 and G6, while other treatments showed increased natural
agglutinins or IgM levels. Biochemical parameters showed significant
decrease in cholesterol levels in G4, G5 and G6, and significant increase
in high density lipoprotein levels in G3, G4 and G5. G2, G5 and G6
showed a relative decreased cost of production, while G6 and G2 showed
higher relative economic efficiency compared to G1.

180 Nile tilapia fish were used in 3 months growth trial to study the effect of turmeric on growing tilapia. Fish were divided into three treatment groups. The first group T1 was given the basal diet without any supplementation of turmeric and served as the control group. The second groupT2 was given diet supplemented by 0.25% turmeric powder. The third groupT3 was given diet supplemented by 0.50% turmeric powder. At the end of the growth trial, fish were challenged with pathogenic Pseudomonas fluorescence. Turmeric supplementation non-significantly improved growth performance. There was a trend of higher values with increasing the turmeric supplementation level, and significant improvement in feed consumption in T3 compared toT1 and T2. Fish body composition was affected by turmeric supplementation. Crude protein content was significantly increased in T3 compared to T1. Ether extract content was significantly decreased with increasing the turmeric supplementation level as T1 was the highest in ether extract content and T3 was the lowest, this was significantly reflected on the gross energy (GE) content of the fish. The clinical signs in the challenged fishes were observed at the second day post injection. Fish showed loss of balance, excessive mucus secretions on skin and gills, ascites with slightly protruded reddish vent and hemorrhages all over the body surface, frayed and torn tail and fins, with no mortalities in the 0.50% turmeric supplemented group. We concluded that 0.50% turmeric supplementation may improve growth performance and significantly protect fish against P. fluorescens.

assess the effect of single low energy-low
protein diet with normally required calorie: protein ratio
against normal dietary NRC 1994 requirements in summer
season on laying and reproductive state of Japanese quails.
Forty-two days old, 60 adult and sexed Japanese quails were
divided into two equal groups, 5 replicates, and 6 birds each
with a sex ratio 1:5. A laying and reproductive trial
extended for six weeks. All dry mash two different layer
diets were formulated containing 20% CP and 2900 Kcal
ME/kg diet (control) and Low Energy - Low Protein (LELP)
group containing 18% CP and 2610 Kcal ME/kg diet with
normal methionine, lysine and mineral requirements,
without antibiotic supplementation. By the end of laying
and reproductive trial from 8th-14th week of age the two
different diets resulted in non-statistical differences in the
terms of body weight, metatarsal ash% laying rate %, total
egg No., average daily and weekly feed intake with similar
intestinal pH. Manipulated diet was significantly improved
Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Protein Conversion Ratio
(PCR), total egg mass, egg weight, egg yolk with significant
improvement in fertility and hatchability. Results concluded
that, normal energy: protein ratio with normally required
critical amino acids with low protein and energy contents
may protect the normal production with improved concept
of cost-effective diets.

Ginger roots used as a feed additive in laying hens diets, in a single or different doses, with or without
another organic additives and for different durations. To assess the effect of single dose of dried ginger
roots powder, individually or with citric acid and dried instant yeast on laying, reproductive performance
and cellular immunity of adult Japanese quails, 72 sexed Japanese quails 6 weeks old were randomly
allotted into 4 treatments with 3 replicates each (1 male with 5 females) in wire cages, (G1) supplemented
with 1.5g ginger/kg diet; (G2) 1.5g ginger with 3g citric acid/kg, (G3) 1.5 ginger plus 3g dried yeast/kg
diet, all in comparison with (G4) control plane, non-antibiotic treated diet, lasted for 6 weeks, from 8th-14th
week of age (2weeks adaptation period). All laying hens had similar body weight, laying rate %, total egg
mass, AV. Egg No. /W, AV daily and weekly feed intake and intestinal pH, with numerical non-statistical
improvement in treated diets when compared to G1. Significant improvement (P < 0.05) were in egg
weight, FCR, protein conversion ratio especially G2 and G3 in comparison to G1 and G4. Hatchability and
fertility were significantly improved by G1 and G3. In conclusion, data analysis showed that, ginger plus
organic acid or probiotic improved the nutritional, immune and productive parameters of laying Japanese
quail.