Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a wide-ranging spectrum of clinical symptoms, from asymptomatic/mild to severe. Recent research indicates that, among several factors, a low vitamin D level is a modifiable risk factor for COVID-19... more
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a wide-ranging spectrum of clinical symptoms, from asymptomatic/mild to severe. Recent research indicates that, among several factors, a low vitamin D level is a modifiable risk factor for COVID-19 patients. This study aims to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on hospital and laboratory outcomes of patients with COVID-19.Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) and clinicaltrials.gov were searched until July 2022, using relevant keywords/Mesh terms. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that addressed the topic were included. The Cochrane tool was used to assess the studies’ risk of bias, and the data were analyzed using the review manager (RevMan 5.4).We included nine RCTs with 1586 confirmed COVID-19 patients. Vitamin D group showed a significant reduction of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (risk ratio = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.41, 0.84], P = 0.003), and higher change in vitamin D level ...
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Breast cancer is a major cause of death in women worldwide. In this study, 60 female rats were classified into 6 groups; negative control, α-aminophosphonates, arylidine derivatives of 3-acetyl-1-aminoquinolin-2(1H)-one, DMBA, DMBA &... more
Breast cancer is a major cause of death in women worldwide. In this study, 60 female rats were classified into 6 groups; negative control, α-aminophosphonates, arylidine derivatives of 3-acetyl-1-aminoquinolin-2(1H)-one, DMBA, DMBA & α-aminophosphonates, and DMBA & arylidine derivatives of 3-acetyl-1-aminoquinolin-2(1H)-one. New α-aminophosphonates and arylidine derivatives of 3-acetyl-1-aminoquinolin-2(1H)-one were synthesized and elucidated by different spectroscopic and elemental analysis. Histopathological examination showed marked proliferation of cancer cells in the DMBA group. Treatment with α-aminophosphonates mainly decreased tumor mass. Bcl2 expression increased in DMBA-administered rats and then declined in the treated groups, mostly with α-aminophosphonates. The level of CA15-3 markedly declined in DMBA groups treated with α-aminophosphonates and arylidine derivatives of 3-acetyl-1-aminoquinolin-2(1H)-one. Gene expression of GST-P, PCNA, PDK, and PIK3CA decreased in the ...
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Pleiotropic effects of statins in distal human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
SummarySARS-CoV-2 infections lead to a high risk of hospitalization and mortality in diabetic patients. Why diabetic individuals are more prone to develop severe COVID-19 remains unclear. Here, we established a novel human kidney organoid... more
SummarySARS-CoV-2 infections lead to a high risk of hospitalization and mortality in diabetic patients. Why diabetic individuals are more prone to develop severe COVID-19 remains unclear. Here, we established a novel human kidney organoid model that mimics early hallmarks of diabetic nephropathy. High oscillatory glucose exposure resulted in metabolic changes, expansion of extracellular membrane components, gene expression changes determined by scRNAseq, and marked upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, hyperglycemic conditions lead to markedly higher viral loads in kidney organoids compared to normoglycemia. Genetic deletion of ACE2, but not of the candidate receptor BSG/CD147, in kidney organoids demonstrated the essential role of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 infections and completely prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection in the diabetogenic microenvironment. These data introduce a novel organoid model for diabetic kidney disease and show that diabetic-i...
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Myo-inositol has gained a central position in plants due to its vital role in physiology and biochemistry. This experimental work assessed the effects of salinity stress and foliar application of myo-inositol (MYO) on growth, chlorophyll... more
Myo-inositol has gained a central position in plants due to its vital role in physiology and biochemistry. This experimental work assessed the effects of salinity stress and foliar application of myo-inositol (MYO) on growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, antioxidant system, osmolyte accumulation, and gene expression in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa L. var. Giza1). Our results show that salinity stress significantly decreased growth parameters such as plant height, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root, leaf area, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and Fv/Fm, with a more pronounced effect at higher NaCl concentrations. However, the exogenous application of MYO increased the growth and photosynthesis traits and alleviated the stress to a considerable extent. Salinity also significantly reduced the water potential and water use efficiency in plants under saline regime; however, exogenous application of myo-inositol cop...
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Pathogenic infestations are significant threats to vegetable yield, and have become an urgent problem to be solved. Rhizoctonia solani is one of the worst fungi affecting tomato crops, reducing yield in some regions. It is a known fact... more
Pathogenic infestations are significant threats to vegetable yield, and have become an urgent problem to be solved. Rhizoctonia solani is one of the worst fungi affecting tomato crops, reducing yield in some regions. It is a known fact that plants have their own defense against such infestations; however, it is unclear whether any exogenous material can help plants against infestation. Therefore, we performed greenhouse experiments to evaluate the impacts of R. solani on 15- and 30-day old tomato plants after fungal infestation, and estimated the antifungal activity of nanoparticles (NPs) against the pathogen. We observed severe pathogenic impacts on the above-ground tissues of tomato plants which would affect plant physiology and crop production. Pathogenic infection reduced total chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, which subsequently disturbed plant physiology. Further, total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were signifi...
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Bacterial blight (BB) is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and is one of the most important diseases in rice. It results in significantly reduced productivity throughout all rice-growing regions of the world. Four BB resistance... more
Bacterial blight (BB) is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and is one of the most important diseases in rice. It results in significantly reduced productivity throughout all rice-growing regions of the world. Four BB resistance genes have been reported; however, introgression of a single gene into rice has not been able to sufficiently protect rice against BB infection. Pyramiding of effective BB resistance genes (i.e., Xa genes) into background varieties is a potential approach to controlling BB infection. In this study, combinations of four BB resistance genes, Xa4, xa5, xa13, and Xa21, were pyramided into populations. The populations were derived from crossing Ciherang (a widespread Indonesian rice variety) with IRBB60 (resistance to BB). Promising recombinants from the F6 generation were identified by scoring the phenotype against three virulent bacterial strains, C5, P6, and V, which cause widespread BB infection in most rice-growing countries. Pyramiding of genes for BB ...
Research Interests: Genetics, Biology, Medicine, Plants, Gene, and 3 moreIntrogression, Blight, and Xanthomonas Oryzae Pv. Oryzae
This work deals with the assessment of physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress, as well as the regulation of the expression of the K+/Na+ transporter gene-TaHKT1;5 of two Triticum aestivum L. genotypes with contrasting... more
This work deals with the assessment of physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress, as well as the regulation of the expression of the K+/Na+ transporter gene-TaHKT1;5 of two Triticum aestivum L. genotypes with contrasting tolerance. According to the observations, salinity stress caused lipid peroxidation; accumulation of soluble sugars and proline; decreased osmotic potential, Fv/Fm value, and K+/Na+ ratio; and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in both genotypes. In the salt-tolerant genotype, the activity of enzymes, the amounts of soluble sugars and proline were higher, the osmotic potential and the lipid peroxidation were lower than in the sensitive one, and the Fv/Fm value remained unchanged. A comparison of the accumulation of Na+ and K+ ions in the roots and leaves showed that the Na+ content in the leaves is lower. The selective transport of K+ ions from roots to leaves was more efficient in the salt-tolerant genotype Mirbashir-128; consequently, the K...
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Introduction: Stomach cancer related to higher rate for blood group A over other ABO types, a prospective assessment of relation between blood group and carcinoma stomach was performed with a view to state the role of ABO blood group in... more
Introduction: Stomach cancer related to higher rate for blood group A over other ABO types, a prospective assessment of relation between blood group and carcinoma stomach was performed with a view to state the role of ABO blood group in the development of gastric cancer with relationship of clinico-pathological variation. This study sought to investigate the relationship between ABO blood groups and the risk of gastric cancer as well as clinical pathological parameters. Materials and Methods: A Prospective random observational study carried between October 2005 to September 2006 in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Department of Surgery & Radiotherapy. Maximum patients admitted in the surgery units with diagnosed case of carcinoma stomach were taken as sample or study population & rest attended in radiotherapy department in DMCH. Results: Among the 70 cases the mean age is 44.3(18-65) (M/F=4:1) years. All the information and data taken from Hospital records and patients themselves or ...
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ABSTRACTComplications affecting the lung are hallmarks of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While there is evidence for autoimmunity in severe COVID-19, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we established a prospective... more
ABSTRACTComplications affecting the lung are hallmarks of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While there is evidence for autoimmunity in severe COVID-19, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we established a prospective observational cohort to study lung specific autoantibodies (auto-Abs). Incubation of plasma from severe COVID-19 patients with healthy human lung tissue revealed the presence of IgA antibodies binding to surfactant-producing pneumocytes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and protein pull-downs using porcine surfactant confirmed the presence of auto-Abs binding to surfactant proteins in severe COVID-19 patients. Mass spectrometry and ELISAs with recombinant proteins identified IgA auto-Abs that target human surfactant proteins B and C. In line with these findings, lungs of deceased COVID-19 patients showed reduced pulmonary surfactant. Our data suggest that IgA-driven autoimmunity against surfactant may result in disease progression of COVID-19.
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Adverse knee pain occurs in 10–34% of all total knee replacements (TKR), and 20% of TKR patients experience more pain post-operatively than pre-operatively. Knee pain is amongst the top five reasons for knee replacement revision in the... more
Adverse knee pain occurs in 10–34% of all total knee replacements (TKR), and 20% of TKR patients experience more pain post-operatively than pre-operatively. Knee pain is amongst the top five reasons for knee replacement revision in the United Kingdom. The number of TKRs is predicted to continue increasing due to the ageing population. A narrative literature review was performed on the different causes of pain following TKR. A database search on Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar was conducted to look for articles related to TKR, pain, and cause. Articles were selected based on relevance, publication date, quality of research and validation. Relevant sections were added to the review. One hundred and fourteen articles were identified and potential causes of TKR pain included: arthrofibrosis, aseptic loosening, avascular necrosis, central sensitization, component malpositioning, infection, instability, nerve damage, overstuffing, patellar maltracking, polyethylene wear, psychological ...
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BackgroundNevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. It is commonly caused by mutations in PTCH1 and chiefly characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) developing prior to the age... more
BackgroundNevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. It is commonly caused by mutations in PTCH1 and chiefly characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) developing prior to the age of 30 years. In rare cases, NBCCS presents with a late onset of BCC development.ObjectiveTo investigate BCC tumorigenesis in two brothers, who showed characteristic features of NBCCS but developed their first BCCs only after the age of 40 years. Two other siblings did not show signs of NBCCS.ResultsWe obtained blood samples from four siblings and nine BCCs from the two brothers with NBCCS. Whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing revealed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of PTCH1 in eight out of nine tumours that consistently involved the same haplotype on chromosome 9. This haplotype contained a germinal splice site mutation in PTCH1 (NM_001083605:exon9:c.763‐6C>A). Analysis of germline DNA confirmed segregation of this mutation with the disease. Al...
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It is well established that antibiotic treatment selects for resistance in pathogenic bacteria. However, the evolutionary responses of pathogen populations to antibiotic treatment during infections remain poorly resolved, especially in... more
It is well established that antibiotic treatment selects for resistance in pathogenic bacteria. However, the evolutionary responses of pathogen populations to antibiotic treatment during infections remain poorly resolved, especially in acute infections. Here we map the evolutionary responses to treatment in high definition through genomic and phenotypic characterization of >100 isolates from a patient with P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Antibiotic therapy (meropenem, colistin) caused a rapid crash of the P. aeruginosa population in the lung, but this decline was followed by the spread of meropenem resistance mutations that restrict antibiotic uptake (oprD) or modify LPS biosynthesis (wbpM). Low fitness strains with high-level meropenem resistance (oprD) were then replaced by high fitness strains with ‘anti-resistance’ mutations in the MexAB-OprM efflux pump, causing a rapid decline in resistance to both meropenem and a collateral loss of resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics. I...
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Background Patients with lower airway Staphylococcus aureus (SA) colonization are at great risk (> 20%) of early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Thus, a rapid test is required to identify patients at risk. Suvratoxumab... more
Background Patients with lower airway Staphylococcus aureus (SA) colonization are at great risk (> 20%) of early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Thus, a rapid test is required to identify patients at risk. Suvratoxumab (formerly MEDI4893) is a human monoclonal antibody that neutralizes SA alpha toxin. SAATELLITE, a phase 2 study of safety and efficacy of suvratoxumab for reducing the incidence of SA pneumonia (NCT02296320) was conducted and recently completed within the consortium for Combatting Bacterial Resistance in Europe. We investigated the performance of a rapid PCR test (Xpert MRSA/SA SSTI™, Cepheid) as a screening tool during the study and the association between SA load and suvratoxumab efficacy. Methods The PCR assay was used to detect SA and methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) in lower respiratory tract (LRT) samples. Culture was performed on PCR SA+ LRT samples according to local procedures. PCR SA+ subjects were randomized 1:1 to either a single intravenous...
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Dysfunctional T cells can mediate autoimmunity, but the inaccessibility of autoimmune tissues and the rarity of autoimmune T cells in the blood hinder their study. Here, we describe a method to enrich and harvest autoimmune T cells in... more
Dysfunctional T cells can mediate autoimmunity, but the inaccessibility of autoimmune tissues and the rarity of autoimmune T cells in the blood hinder their study. Here, we describe a method to enrich and harvest autoimmune T cells in vivo using a biomaterial scaffold loaded with protein antigens. In model antigen systems, we find that antigen-specific T cells become enriched within scaffolds containing their cognate antigens. When scaffolds containing lysates from an insulin-producing β-cell line were implanted subcutaneously in autoimmune diabetes prone NOD mice, β-cell reactive T cells homed to these scaffolds and became enriched. These T cells induced diabetes after adoptive transfer, indicating their pathogenicity. Furthermore, T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing identified many expanded TCRs within the β-cell scaffolds that were also expanded within the pancreases of NOD mice. These data demonstrate the utility of biomaterial scaffolds loaded with disease-specific antigens to ide...
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The delineation of conservation units (CUs) is a challenging issue that has profound implications for minimizing the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. CU delineation typically seeks to prioritize evolutionary significance and... more
The delineation of conservation units (CUs) is a challenging issue that has profound implications for minimizing the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. CU delineation typically seeks to prioritize evolutionary significance and genetic methods play a pivotal role in the delineation process by quantifying overall differentiation between populations. While CUs that primarily reflect overall genetic differentiation do protect adaptive differences between distant populations, they do not necessarily protect adaptive variation within highly connected populations. Advances in genomic methodology facilitate the characterization of adaptive genetic variation, but the potential utility of this information for CU delineation is unclear. Here we use genomic methods to investigate the evolutionary basis of premature migration in Pacific salmon, a complex behavioral and physiological adaptation that exists within highly-connected populations and has experienced severe declines. Striking...
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Cancer vaccines are typically formulated for bolus injection and often produce short-lived immunostimulation resulting in poor temporal control over immune cell activation and weak oncolytic activity. One means of overcoming these... more
Cancer vaccines are typically formulated for bolus injection and often produce short-lived immunostimulation resulting in poor temporal control over immune cell activation and weak oncolytic activity. One means of overcoming these limitations utilizes immunologically active biomaterial constructs. We previously reported that antigen-laden, macroporous PLG scaffolds induce potent dendritic cell (DC) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses via the controlled signaling of inflammatory cytokines, antigen and toll-like receptor agonists. In this study, we describe the kinetics of these responses and illustrate their fundamental relationship to potent tumor rejection when implanted subcutaneously in a mouse B16 model of melanoma. By explanting scaffolds from mice at times ranging from 1-7 d, a seamless relationship was observed between the production of controlled CTL responses, tumor growth and long-term survival in both prophylactic and therapeutic models. Scaffolds must be implanted...
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The clinical potential of short interfering RNA (siRNA) based therapeutics remains hindered by the challenge of delivering enough siRNA into the cytoplasm to yield a clinically relevant effect. Although much research has focused on... more
The clinical potential of short interfering RNA (siRNA) based therapeutics remains hindered by the challenge of delivering enough siRNA into the cytoplasm to yield a clinically relevant effect. Although much research has focused on optimizing delivery vehicles for this class of molecules, considerably less is known about the microenvironmental influences on the response of target cells to siRNA. The substrate to which cells adhere is one component of the microenvironment that can modulate cellular behavior. Here, we tested the hypothesis that modulating the properties of cellular adhesion substrates can alter siRNA efficacy. Specifically, cationic lipid complexed siRNA particles were applied to U251 cells seeded on alginate hydrogel surfaces with systematic variation in elastic modulus and integrin ligand arginine‐glycine‐aspartate (RGD) peptide density. These experiments revealed no change in siRNA‐mediated eGFP knockdown over the elastic modulus range tested (53–133 kPa). However,...
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Background/Aims: Childhood cerebral palsy (CP) is associated with osteopenia and the GH-IGF axis plays an important role in bone metabolism. We studied the relationship between spinal bone mineral density (BMD) and serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3... more
Background/Aims: Childhood cerebral palsy (CP) is associated with osteopenia and the GH-IGF axis plays an important role in bone metabolism. We studied the relationship between spinal bone mineral density (BMD) and serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in children with CP. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 30 children (9 F and 21 M, ages 4.5–15) with CP. Subjects underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans (spinal BMD), blood tests (IGF-1, IGFBP-3, Ca, P, PTH, vitamin D, osteocalcin) and urine tests (N-telopeptide). Results: Spinal BMD was decreased in children with CP (average Z-score –2.14 ± 1.08) compared to age- and gender-matched norms. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were also decreased compared to age-matched norms (average IGF-1 Z-score –0.74 ± 1.2, average IGFBP-3 Z-score –0.68 ± 1.2). All other blood and urine tests, including measures of calcium and vitamin D status, were normal. In 25 CP children with osteopenia (Z-score >–1), there was a trend towards correlation between spinal BMD Z-score...
Research Interests: Spine, Vitamin D, Bone Metabolism, Cerebral Palsy, Adolescent, and 15 moreMedicine, Humans, Child, Female, Male, Statistical Significance, Bone Density, Clinical Sciences, Bone Mineral Density, Hormone, Pilot Projects, Cross sectional Study, Cross Sectional Studies, Child preschool, and Paediatrics and reproductive medicine
ABSTRACT To assess overall knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to conception and fertility among reproductive-age women in the United States. Online survey of a cross-sectional sample of 1,000 women. United States, March 2013.... more
ABSTRACT To assess overall knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to conception and fertility among reproductive-age women in the United States. Online survey of a cross-sectional sample of 1,000 women. United States, March 2013. Women aged 18-40 years. None. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding selected topics in reproductive health. Forty percent of women across all age groups expressed concerns about their ability to conceive. Yet one-third of women were unaware of adverse implications of sexually transmitted infections, obesity, or irregular menses for procreative success, and one-fifth were unaware of the effects of aging. Approximately 40% were unfamiliar with the ovulatory cycle. Overall, younger women (18-24 years) demonstrated less knowledge regarding conception, fertility, and ovulation, whereas older women tended to believe in common myths and misconceptions. Respondents in all age groups identified women's health care providers (75%) and Web sites (40%) as top sources of reproductive health-related information; however, engagement with providers on specific factors affecting fertility is sparse. Knowledge regarding ovulation, fertility, and conception is limited among this sample of reproductive-age US women. Future initiatives should prioritize improved provider engagement and accurate information dissemination in Web-based venues.
Research Interests: Demography, Fertility, Adolescent, Medicine, Multidisciplinary, and 15 moreHumans, Reproductive health, United States, Fertility and Sterility, Female, Young Adult, Data Collection, Clinical Sciences, Fertilization, Adult, Public health systems and services research, Cross Sectional Studies, Medical and Health Sciences, Paediatrics and reproductive medicine, and Population surveillance
Research Interests: Medicine, Humans, Internal Medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Female, and 15 moreCohort Study, Incidence, Cohort, Body Mass Index, Risk factors, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Longitudinal Studies, Sex Factors, Biological markers, Risk Factors, Predictive value of tests, Cohort Studies, confounding, and hazard ratio
The Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei genomes each contain three dipeptidyl aminopeptidase ( dpap ) homologs. dpap1 and -3 are critical for asexual growth, but the role of dpap2 , the gametocyte-specific homolog, has not been tested.... more
The Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei genomes each contain three dipeptidyl aminopeptidase ( dpap ) homologs. dpap1 and -3 are critical for asexual growth, but the role of dpap2 , the gametocyte-specific homolog, has not been tested. If DPAPs are essential for transmission as well as asexual growth, then a DPAP inhibitor could be used for treatment and to block transmission. To directly analyze the role of DPAP2, a dpap2 -minus P. berghei ( Pbdpap2 Δ) line was generated. The Pbdpap2 Δ parasites grew normally, differentiated into gametocytes, and generated sporozoites that were infectious to mice when fed to a mosquito. However, Pbdpap1 transcription was >2-fold upregulated in the Pbdpap2 Δ clonal lines, possibly compensating for the loss of Pbdpap2 . The role of DPAP1 and -3 in the dpap2 Δ parasites was then evaluated using a DPAP inhibitor, ML4118S. When ML4118S was added to the Pbdpap2 Δ parasites just before a mosquito membrane feed, mosquito infectivity was not affected. T...
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Research Interests: Medicine, Prospective studies, Population, Humans, Internal Medicine, and 15 moreFemale, Male, Cohort, Body Mass Index, Clinical Sciences, Prevalence, Middle Aged, Adult, Hiv seropositivity, Efavirenz, Logistic Models, Predictive value of tests, Cohort Studies, Nutrition assessment, and Paediatrics and reproductive medicine
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Research Interests: Dentistry, Stem Cells, Flow Cytometry, Medicine, Biological Sciences, and 15 moreHumans, Hypertension, Bicuspid Aortic Valve, Female, Male, Vascular endothelium, Peptides, Glycoproteins, Middle Aged, Aortic Valve, Case Control Studies, Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, Aortic valve stenosis, Medical and Health Sciences, and Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Research Interests: Endocrinology, Adolescent, Growth Hormone, Gigantism, Humans, and 15 moreInternal Medicine, Human Growth Hormone, Insulin, Diabetes mellitus, Low Dose, Male, Endogenous Growth, Acromegaly, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Adenoma, Antineoplastic Agents, Insulin Glargine, Medical Treatment, Combined Modality Therapy, and Cabergoline
Page 1. Chapter 12 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiology, Genetics, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Manifestations Omar Ali ... So, while vitamin D levels or sun exposure may play a role, they cannot be the sole explanation of the observed... more
Page 1. Chapter 12 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiology, Genetics, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Manifestations Omar Ali ... So, while vitamin D levels or sun exposure may play a role, they cannot be the sole explanation of the observed variation. ...
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Research Interests: Endocrinology, Adolescent, Growth Hormone, Gigantism, Humans, and 15 moreInternal Medicine, Human Growth Hormone, Insulin, Diabetes mellitus, Low Dose, Male, Endogenous Growth, Acromegaly, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Adenoma, Antineoplastic Agents, Insulin Glargine, Medical Treatment, Combined Modality Therapy, and Cabergoline
Page 1. Chapter 12 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiology, Genetics, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Manifestations Omar Ali ... So, while vitamin D levels or sun exposure may play a role, they cannot be the sole explanation of the observed... more
Page 1. Chapter 12 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiology, Genetics, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Manifestations Omar Ali ... So, while vitamin D levels or sun exposure may play a role, they cannot be the sole explanation of the observed variation. ...
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Research Interests: Orthopedic Surgery, Cerebral Palsy, Adolescent, Medicine, Growth Hormone, and 15 moreHumans, Child, Internal Medicine, Clinical, Body Composition, Bone Density, Clinical Sciences, Bone Mineral Density, Biological markers, Body Height, Control Group, Muscle mass, Child preschool, Height Growth, and bone development
We review recent developments in the therapy of growth disorders, focusing mainly on recent developments in the field of growth hormone (GH) therapy. Review of current practice reveals wide variation in the approach to short stature and... more
We review recent developments in the therapy of growth disorders, focusing mainly on recent developments in the field of growth hormone (GH) therapy. Review of current practice reveals wide variation in the approach to short stature and the institution of GH therapy. No new indications for GH treatment have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration since 2007, but off-label use has been explored in several chronic illnesses. There is also increasing focus on GH effects beyond increase in stature (e.g. effects on body composition and bone density). As the experience with GH increases, the long-term risks and outcomes are better understood and risks appear to be low. Data regarding beneficial effects of GH in Prader-Willi syndrome are accumulating but questions remain about patient selection, start age and safety. Recombinant insulin-like growth factor 1 has become more widely available and has been aggressively promoted for Food and Drug Administration-approved indications as well as off-label uses in the last few years. The use of aromatase inhibitors has been tempered by concern about side-effects and lack of efficacy. Growth hormone remains the mainstay of therapy for growth disorders, though other options, including recombinant insulin-like growth factor 1, are being investigated in various settings.