confounding
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Recent papers in confounding
In Namibia, the prevalence of hypertension among women and men aged 35–64 years is high, ranging from 44% to 57%. In this study, we aimed to determine adherence and predictors to antihypertensive therapy in Khomas region, Namibia. A... more
Researchers in management regularly face modelling issues that involve double moderated mediation models. Here, we illustrate how to conceptualise, specify and empirically estimate mediation effects when having to simultaneously account... more
The life course perspective, the risky families model, and stress-and-coping models provide the rationale for assessing the role of smoking as a mediator in the association between childhood adversity and anxious and depressive... more
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the association between the number of times one eats daily (termed eating occasions [EO]) with indices of glycemic control and insulin resistance (IR) in a large sample of adults from... more
Several researchers have raised the concern that the cross-sectional association of retrospectively reported childhood adversity with self-reported onset of asthma and chronic bronchitis in adulthood may be confounded, as well as mediated... more
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inflammatory marker predicting the prognosis of several diseases. We aimed to assess its role as a predictor of mortality or admission to the intensive care unit in COVID-19 patients. We... more
The prevalence of vaping, also known as using e-cigarettes, vapes and vape pens, has prompted a demand for reliable, evidence-based research. However, published literature on the topic of vaping often raises concerns, characterized by... more
Official Website(C) Iranian Journal of Public Health. Comprehensive Research Information Management System. http://ijph.rp.tums.ac.ir. ...
In this article, we illustrate the command distrate, which calculates age-standardized rates with efficient interval estimation by using formulas developed by Tiwari, Clegg, and Zou (2006, Statistical Methods in Medical Research 15:... more
El concepto de confusión es probablemente uno de los más importantes de la epidemiología general. En primer lugar, porque gran parte del trabajo que se realiza en este campo de la ciencia consiste precisamente en intentar prevenirlo al... more
ObjectivePropensity score analyses attempt to control for confounding in non-experimental studies by adjusting for the likelihood that a given patient is exposed. Such analyses have been proposed to address confounding by indication, but... more
ABSTRACT Assessing treatment effects in observational studies is a multifaceted problem that not only involves heterogeneous mechanisms of how the treatment or cause is exposed to subjects, known as propensity, but also differential... more
The mechanisms by which childhood socioeconomic status (CSES) affects adult mental health, general health, and well-being are not clear. Moreover, the analytical assumptions employed when assessing mediation in social and psychiatric... more