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This study is intended for forest owners considering options to increase the efficiency of the production of forest seedlings in automated nurseries. In the short rotation technology of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), the production... more
This study is intended for forest owners considering options to increase the efficiency of the production of forest seedlings in automated nurseries. In the short rotation technology of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), the production of seedlings was integrated in the process of grading seeds by spectrometric features, followed by the fall outplanting of containerized seedlings to a restorable post-pyrogenic site. There are studies of the spectrometric effect grading viable seeds, but a negligible amount of testing has been conducted on the seedling’s field performance from these seeds. It was very important for us to evaluate the morphogenesis of juvenile Scots pine trees in relation to the change in morphological features—increase in root collar diameter (RCD-increment) and increase in stem height (SH-increment)—in the second and third growing season from the field outplanting. To determine the nature of the interaction between independent (RCD increase), dependent (SH-increm...
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The article presents the results of measurements regarding the impact of the MHT9002HV tracked harvester on surface deformations and changing the physical parameters of the soil of three operational trails. The measurements were made in... more
The article presents the results of measurements regarding the impact of the MHT9002HV tracked harvester on surface deformations and changing the physical parameters of the soil of three operational trails. The measurements were made in the terrain with a longitudinal slope of up to 14.9° (33.2%) and a transverse slope of up to 8.8° (17.9%). Spruce deadwood trees in mountain forest habitats were harvested. Static Eijkelkamp Penetrologger 0615SA and dynamic own design penetrometer were used to measure penetration resistance, soil samples were taken to determine bulk density, moisture content, and ground deformations on the trails were measured with a laser profilometer. A statistically significant increase in soil penetration resistance measured with penetrometers occurred for trails in the left rut at a depth of 16–20 cm. The change in the bulk density and moisture content proved statistically insignificant. The maximum ground deformation on the trails reached an average of 5.9 cm. ...
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The automation of Scots pine seeds grading in the visible wavelength region – VIS-grading – is promising for conducting breeding and genetic experiments. This will reduce time costs and increase the accuracy of seed color classification... more
The automation of Scots pine seeds grading in the visible wavelength region – VIS-grading – is promising for conducting breeding and genetic experiments. This will reduce time costs and increase the accuracy of seed color classification compared to organoleptic techniques. When controlling VIS-grading, it is necessary to accurately detect and process the optical signal reflected from a single seed. The signal is based on the wavelength and amplitude of the optical beam. Earlier, using a spectrometer for Scots pine seeds from a natural stand of the Pavlovsky district of the Voronezh region, Russia, the boundaries of three spectrometric groups were established. In the real VIS-grading process, it is necessary to take into account the probabilistic deviations of random values of wavelengths and amplitudes. Therefore, on the basis of the Mamdani fuzzy logic theory developed an analyzing algorithm for controlling the VIS-grading quality. The algorithm consists of a sequence of logical te...
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The problem of pollution effect on insects requires careful research. It is necessary to work out ways to reduce this impact on insects, if the pollution does not aim to destroy it. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect... more
The problem of pollution effect on insects requires careful research. It is necessary to work out ways to reduce this impact on insects, if the pollution does not aim to destroy it. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of heavy metals on the species composition and population of Cynips (Neuroterus numismalis and Diplolepis quercus folii) in the overgrown oak forests of green zones. The main test - the object was a Neuroterus numismalis and Diplolepis quercus folii. The main research was carried out in coppice oak forests of the green zone of Voronezh (Russian Federation) in the Pravoberezhnoye forestry in quarters 33 and 35 along the M-4 “Don” highway. The ability of a Neuroterus numismalis to selectively populate oak leaves with an increased concentration of heavy metals puts it in the category of the most effective bio-indicators among the Cynips. The gall of the Diplolepis quercus folii is most susceptible to chemical contamination. With a low level of chemical ...
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This article will be of interest to engineers involved in designing devices for improving the quality of forest seeds. From the point of view of automated processing, in order to obtain a quality seedling, the seed of the Scots pine must... more
This article will be of interest to engineers involved in designing devices for improving the quality of forest seeds. From the point of view of automated processing, in order to obtain a quality seedling, the seed of the Scots pine must be conditioned, that is, properly graded, and have sufficient ability to germinate in the field, that is, properly sown. It is based on studies of the movement of a single pine seed in the mechanical system of an optoelectronic separator. The experiment was established by measuring the geometric dimensions of samples (n = 500) from a representative sample of a seedlot. The Pinus sylvestris L. seeds were collected in the Pavlovsky district of the Voronezh region in autumn 2019. Seed samples were measured using a microscope in three mutually perpendicular directions. Seed samples asymmetric shape and an adaptive hopper’s feeder were modeled using SolidWorks software. Our results point to an important feature in the design of loading bins-the need to a...
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W artykule opisano strukturę i zasadę działania układu sterowania i napędu dla zespołu chwytno-pozycjonującego, będącego częścią automatu przeznaczonego do skaryfikacji i oceny zdrowotności żołędzi. Urządzenie to, zaprojektowane wspólnie... more
W artykule opisano strukturę i zasadę działania układu sterowania i napędu dla zespołu chwytno-pozycjonującego, będącego częścią automatu przeznaczonego do skaryfikacji i oceny zdrowotności żołędzi. Urządzenie to, zaprojektowane wspólnie przez specjalistów z Uniwersytetu Rolniczego w Krakowie oraz inżynierów z AGH z Krakowa, PIMR z Poznania i zbudowane przez pracowników dwóch firm: OPISTER z Krakowa i PROMAR z Poznania, ma za zadanie zwiększyć liczbę uzyskiwanych sadzonek dębów poprzez eliminację nasion nie rokujących nadziei na to, że z nich wyrosną potrzebne sadzonki. Opis celu i zasady działania automatu był przedmiotem innych prac, cytowanych w wykazie literatury, natomiast w niniejszej pracy opisano wspomniany wyżej szczegółowy fragment rozważanej konstrukcji, a mianowicie układ sterowania i napędu dla zespołu chwytno-pozycjonującego. Prezentowane rozwiązanie zawiera intersujące nowatorskie rozwiązania konstrukcyjne, może więc zainteresować czytelników zajmujących się budową urządzeń chwytno-pozycjonujących o podobnym lub innym przeznaczeniu.
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Energy willow plantations are used in cycles of 20-25 years. After such a period of use, or earlier, plantations should be liquidated. In the case of arable land, liquidation of a plantation also means restoration of the original... more
Energy willow plantations are used in cycles of 20-25 years. After such a period of use, or earlier, plantations should be liquidated. In the case of arable land, liquidation of a plantation also means restoration of the original production properties of the soil. In particular, this means: permanent elimination of the possibility of plant regrowth from the above-ground rootstock and root systems and disintegration and mixing of the above-ground rootstock and root systems. The present authors undertook the task of developing a technology for stump removal on energy willow plantations that would have the advantage of lower energy consumption and execution costs than the technologies used so far. The development of a new machine for the disintegration of the above-ground rootstock and root systems requires recognition of the variability of their morphological parameters and their biomass. For that purpose, a head for planting trees was used to sample rootstocks and extract them, and a...