Abstract. The major challenge for semiconductors to achieve temperatures below 10 K by luminescence upconversion, is that at these lattice temperatures the acoustic phonon component dominates and the scattering rate becomes comparable to... more
Abstract. The major challenge for semiconductors to achieve temperatures below 10 K by luminescence upconversion, is that at these lattice temperatures the acoustic phonon component dominates and the scattering rate becomes comparable to the band-to-band radiative transition rate. This problem can be significantly alleviated by employing quantum-confined systems, where relaxation of wave-vector conservation in the confined direction reduces material conductivity by nearly three orders of magnitude. Although previous studies have reported theoretical and experimental analyses of cooling characteristics for bulk semiconductors, the electron band-to-band transition due to photon absorption or photon emission under cooling conditions in quantum-confined semiconductor systems which exhibit quantum effects at the dimensions of several nanometers have not been completely analyzed in conventional theoretical studies. We realized a numerical investigation of optical cooling conditions for a low-dimensional CdS/CdTe multiple-quantum well heterostructure where injected carriers in the active region are quantum mechanically confined in one dimension. Effects of such quantum mechanically confined carriers on photon absorption and photoluminescence (PL) were analyzed under cooling conditions. Most importantly, the CdS/CdTe heterostructure absorption and PL spectra for cooling conditions were defined in terms of the active layer width and number of quantum wells in the complete heterostructure.
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Research Interests: Humanities and Art
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) is a complex and multifaceted disorder currently listed as one of the epidemics of the twenty-first century due to its prevalence and the adverse cardiovascular effects it causes. This chapter examines the... more
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) is a complex and multifaceted disorder currently listed as one of the epidemics of the twenty-first century due to its prevalence and the adverse cardiovascular effects it causes. This chapter examines the relationships between base-pair positions in human mitochondrial genome and type 2 diabetes. The data included 510 complete mitochondrial genomes, of which 437 belonged to individuals with type 2 diabetes and 73 to healthy individuals. An alignment algorithm allowed inspecting and choosing a region with optional positions for analysis, a principal component analysis permitted viewing the data structure, and after a regression analysis, we declared three base-pair positions associated to DM2. Upon examination of the genome annotation, three genes were identified as potential candidates for association, one of which was previously linked to type 2 diabetes according to previous studies. This chapter offers further proof of a possible genetic link betwe...
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espanolEste trabajo presenta la simulacion y analisis termodinamico de un sistema de enfriamiento por absorcion avanzado tipo GAX enfriado por aire. El estudio del sistema se hace para acondicionamiento termico de espacios de sectores... more
espanolEste trabajo presenta la simulacion y analisis termodinamico de un sistema de enfriamiento por absorcion avanzado tipo GAX enfriado por aire. El estudio del sistema se hace para acondicionamiento termico de espacios de sectores residenciales localizados en regiones con climas calidos extremos. El modelo matematico del sistema se resuelve usando un algoritmo computacional de “busqueda hacia atras” (backtracking). Se desarrollo un simulador por medio del cual se evaluo el comportamiento operativo del sistema, bajo diferentes condiciones ambientales. Se encontro que la temperatura ambiente influye de manera importante en el comportamiento operativo del sistema, debido a que la eficiencia disminuye 20.4% al pasar de 40 a 50°C. Se concluye que el sistema de enfriamiento GAX operado en climas calidos extremos es una buena opcion para el acondicionamiento termico de espacios ya que tiene un alto coeficiente de operacion comparado con sistemas convencionales EnglishThis paper present...
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Distance learning is a rapidly spreading form of education worldwide and it plays a crucial role to provide access to millions of people in developing countries. However, the benefits of online learning extend far beyond and became... more
Distance learning is a rapidly spreading form of education worldwide and it plays a crucial role to provide access to millions of people in developing countries. However, the benefits of online learning extend far beyond and became increasingly popular also in medical schools, including veterinary medicine [1,2]. In these new teaching settings, high-quality, validated and easily accessible multimedia materials are of great importance, especially in specific fields, such as radiology, where graphic resources can greatly support learning [3]. The dataset presented along with this article reviews examples of 153 canine latero-lateral thoracic radiographic medical images taken and collected at the Small Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Sciences Research Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California. serves as a basis for teaching VHS calculation. Images on this dataset contain all relevant anatomical structures in the determination of VHS, which makes them optimal i...
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Se presentan los resultados que demuestran la influencia del efecto de borde al emplear modelos hibridos Wavelet Neuronal o Wavelet neurodifuso para pronosticar series de tiempo mensuales de lamina de precipitacion con un mes de... more
Se presentan los resultados que demuestran la influencia del efecto de borde al emplear modelos hibridos Wavelet Neuronal o Wavelet neurodifuso para pronosticar series de tiempo mensuales de lamina de precipitacion con un mes de anticipacion. Para la implementacion de los modelo se utiliza la informacion de la estacion climatologica ubicada en la presa Emilio Lopez Zamora en la ciudad de Ensenada, al noroeste del Estado de Baja California, Mexico. El estudio combina cuatro metodos: a) Transformada Wavelet Discreta con el algoritmo de Mallat (DWT): b) Transformada Wavelet Discreta de Maxima Superposicion (MODWT); c) Feed Forward Back Propagation (FFBP), y, d) Adaptive-Networkbased Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Se utilizan dos enfoques de preprocesamiento utilizados en la actualidad en la literatura para pronosticar series climaticas de variables hidrologicas. En el primer enfoque se emplean cuatro metodos para realizar la convolucion de la transformada y se discute su relacion con ...
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Research Interests: Computer Science and Art
Molecular markers have become a very important resource for genetic studies in crops. Due to their genome-wide abundance, it has increased its use for genetic studies in genomes of animals and plants. They have been used in the germplasm... more
Molecular markers have become a very important resource for genetic studies in crops. Due to their genome-wide abundance, it has increased its use for genetic studies in genomes of animals and plants. They have been used in the germplasm of the date palm to identify genetic diversity, sex determination and gene characterization. RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, ISSR and SSR are DNA based molecular markers that have been used to perform genetic diversity analyses. Advantages and disadvantages have been judged based on the level of polymorphism they capture, the quality of template DNA needed, the development cost, the reliability and the level of skill required. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) are DNA based molecular markers that have been used to perform genetic diversity analyses, sex determination and gene characterization in date palm. The SSR markers satisfy most requirements for accurate analysis of genetic diversity. The current study assess the performance of 255 SSR microsatellites that were...
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COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR HAPLOTYPE INFERENCE WITH APPLICATION TO HAPLOTYPE BLOCK CHARACTERIZATION IN CATTLE Rafael Villa Angulo, PhD George Mason University, 2009 Dissertation Director: Prof. John J Grefenstette Genetic haplotype... more
COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR HAPLOTYPE INFERENCE WITH APPLICATION TO HAPLOTYPE BLOCK CHARACTERIZATION IN CATTLE Rafael Villa Angulo, PhD George Mason University, 2009 Dissertation Director: Prof. John J Grefenstette Genetic haplotype analysis is important in the identification of DNA variations relevant to several common and complex human diseases, and for the identification of Quantitative Trait Loci genes in animal models. Haplotype analysis is now considered one of the most promising methods for studying gene-disease and gene-phenotype association studies. In this dissertation, we address the problem of haplotype inference from cattle genotypes, which has significant differences with human genotype data. Using data derived by the International Bovine HapMap Consortium, we provide the first high-resolution haplotype block characterization in the cattle genome. In addition, a new genetic algorithm method for haplotype inference in large and complex pedigrees was developed. Novel resul...
Background Peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) is increasingly considered as an alternative to central parenteral nutrition (CPN) given the higher cost and more frequent clinical complications associated with the latter. However, the... more
Background Peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) is increasingly considered as an alternative to central parenteral nutrition (CPN) given the higher cost and more frequent clinical complications associated with the latter. However, the assessment of potential risks and benefits of PPN in critically ill pediatric canine patients has not been extensively performed. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of short-term, hypocaloric PPN on weight loss, length of hospital stay, the incidence of complications, adverse effects, and mortality in critically ill pediatric canine patients. Results Between August 2015 and August 2018, a total of 59 critically ill pediatric canine patients aged from 1 to 6 months admitted at the Veterinary Sciences Research Institute of the Autonomous University of Baja California were included in this non-randomized clinical trial. Canine pediatric patients were initially allocated to 3 groups: 11 in group 1 receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) supplementa...
Date palm pollen (DPP) plays a very important role in the fertilization process, since its viability and the pollination method influence on the quality, development, and yield of the fruit. In the present study, a broad review of its... more
Date palm pollen (DPP) plays a very important role in the fertilization process, since its viability and the pollination method influence on the quality, development, and yield of the fruit. In the present study, a broad review of its main characteristics, consumption, and DPP production are presented, as well as a description of its extraction methods and viability tests. The evolution of the pollination methods used in the date palm is also presented, from its natural pollination to the use of specialized mechanical and electrical devices, as well as the use of dry DPP and the current trend towards the use of DPP in liquid suspension. Likewise, the efficiency of the methods of natural pollination (wind); traditional (strands placement); dusting hand; dusting with manual, mechanical, or electric pollinator; and liquid pollination were evaluated from the fruit set percentage (FSP). Finally, starting from a scientometric analysis, the pollination methods were widely discussed, conclu...
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The goal of this study was to investigate the association of body composition components and to elucidate whether any of these components is a risk factor for Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH). The group of study consisted of 90 adults... more
The goal of this study was to investigate the association of body composition components and to elucidate whether any of these components is a risk factor for Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH). The group of study consisted of 90 adults involved in a physical activity program due to overweight and obesity. 19 adults with medical diagnostic through Magnetic Resonance Imaging with LDH. Body composition data was obtained with a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Descriptive statistics and principal components analysis permitted to analyze the information's structure and to visualize information clusters. A logistic regression analysis allowed us to find the association between some of the variables of body composition with LDH. The Degree of Obesity, Body Mass Index, Visceral Fat Area and the Abdominal Circumference resulted associated (P values of 0.0388, 0.0171, 0.0055 and 0.0032, respectively). The application of Odd Ratio allowed us to declare the Visceral Fat Area and Abdominal Circu...
La comunidad de Ojos Negros está ubicada en el municipio de Ensenada Baja California, México. Desde 1930, los residentes locales fabrican un queso artesanal muy apreciado en la región; sin embargo, la leche cruda y el queso nunca han sido... more
La comunidad de Ojos Negros está ubicada en el municipio de Ensenada Baja California, México. Desde 1930, los residentes locales fabrican un queso artesanal muy apreciado en la región; sin embargo, la leche cruda y el queso nunca han sido analizados por la calidad microbiológica y de higiene del producto final. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la calidad microbiológica, física y química de la leche cruda utilizada para producir queso y el queso artesanal producido en las 22 unidades de producción individuales. Se tomaron muestras de queso y leche de las unidades de producción para realizar pruebas microbiológicas. Se realizaron determinaciones físicas y químicas de proteínas, grasas y lactosa utilizando un analizador LACTOSCAN-S. Los resultados del análisis de la leche mostraron un contenido de proteína (33,11 g/l) y grasa (39,89 g/l) dentro de los parámetros de la normatividad. Para la calidad microbiológica de la leche, los resultados del recuento de mesófilos aeróbico...
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Herein, we apply theoretical models to characterize the transfer function and frequency response of a complex optoelectronic circuit that comprises a primary ultrafast sampling circuit followed by a cascade connection of N demultiplexing... more
Herein, we apply theoretical models to characterize the transfer function and frequency response of a complex optoelectronic circuit that comprises a primary ultrafast sampling circuit followed by a cascade connection of N demultiplexing stages. The successive radio-frequency optoelectronic samplers were based on the cascade connection of positive-intrinsic-negative-photodiodes (PIN-PDs). We developed a procedure to calculate the principal design parameters that allows us to use optical power for each sampling and demultiplexing stage, such that the circuit can be designed based on the application requirements. The results obtained from the theoretical models were compared with the measurements obtained from the 2.5 GS/s sampling circuit connected in cascade with a 1.25 GS/s and a 625 MS/s demultiplexing circuit implemented using commercial PIN-PDs
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Abstract. Predictions for the photon absorption coefficient (α) and photoluminescence (PL) of quasitype II CdS/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals [quantum dots (QDs)] have been obtained using a straightforward developed procedure. The developed... more
Abstract. Predictions for the photon absorption coefficient (α) and photoluminescence (PL) of quasitype II CdS/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals [quantum dots (QDs)] have been obtained using a straightforward developed procedure. The developed procedure begins by solving the three-dimensional (3-D) Schrodinger equation written in spherical coordinates. Then, α is obtained by solving an equation based on the strict k-selection approach, and PL is derived by solving the Kubo–Martin–Schwinger relationship. This formulation allows the prediction of fundamental QD energy properties as a function of the QD radius. The predicted properties include quantized energy levels, effective bandgap, effective photon absorption wavelength, and effective photon emission wavelength. In addition, CdS/ZnS QDs were synthetized and stabilized based on previously reported procedures. Experimental measurements of α and PL were found to be very well matched to the calculated results. Hence, the developed procedures can be of great interest for designers who correlate theoretical results with experimental measurements to predict next generation QD performance for nanophotonics applications.
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Hypoplasia and ovarian cysts are the most common ovarian pathologies in cattle. In this genome-wide study we analyzed the signal intensity of 648,315 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and identified 1338 genes differentiating cows... more
Hypoplasia and ovarian cysts are the most common ovarian pathologies in cattle. In this genome-wide study we analyzed the signal intensity of 648,315 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and identified 1338 genes differentiating cows with ovarian pathologies from healthy cows. The sample consisted of six cows presenting an ovarian pathology and six healthy cows. SNP signal intensities were measured with a genotyping process using the Axiom Genome-Wide BOS 1 SNPchip. Statistical tests for equality of variance and mean were applied to SNP intensities, and significance p-values were obtained. A Benjamini-Hochberg multiple testing correction reveled significant SNPs. Corresponding genes were identified using the Bovine Genome UMD 3.1 annotation. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) confirmed differentiation. An analysis of Copy Number Variations (CNVs), obtained from signal intensities, revealed no evidence of association between ovarian pathologies and CNVs. In addition, a haplotype f...
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Date palm crop was introduced to Mexico by Spanish colonizers. The best climatic conditions for plant development were found in the San Luis Rio Colorado, Sonora and Mexicali, Baja California valleys. By 2015 both areas achieved the 97%... more
Date palm crop was introduced to Mexico by Spanish colonizers. The best climatic conditions for plant development were found in the San Luis Rio Colorado, Sonora and Mexicali, Baja California valleys. By 2015 both areas achieved the 97% of the national production. High quality Medjool variety is almost the only grown in the region, and is very demanded in international markets. Mexico is the second largest producer in the American continent, and the third largest producer in the world.
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Recently, for copy number variation (CNV) analysis, bovine researchers have focused mainly on the use of genome-wide SNP genotyping arrays. One of the highest densities commercially available SNPchips for cattle is the Affymetrix axiom... more
Recently, for copy number variation (CNV) analysis, bovine researchers have focused mainly on the use of genome-wide SNP genotyping arrays. One of the highest densities commercially available SNPchips for cattle is the Affymetrix axiom genome-wide Bos 1, which assays 648,315 informative SNPs across the whole bovine genome. Here, we describe the microarray data, quality controls and validation implemented in a study published in Genetics and Molecular Research Journal in 2015 [1]. The microarray raw data has been deposited into Gene Expression Omnibus under accession #GSE54813.
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This paper describes a work related to the design and implementation of a communication tool for persons with speech and hearing disabilities. This tool provides to the user a Human-Computer interface capable of the capture and... more
This paper describes a work related to the design and implementation of a communication tool for persons with speech and hearing disabilities. This tool provides to the user a Human-Computer interface capable of the capture and recognition of gestures belonging to the Mexican Spanish Sign Alphabet. To capture the manual expressions, a data-glove constructed to sense the position of fifteen articulations of one of the user´s hand is described. A location system that detects the position and movements of the hand with respect to the user´s body is also constructed. The data-glove and location system signals are processed by a pair of programmable automatons. The automaton´s outputs are sent to a personal computer that realizes the gesture recognition and interpretation tasks. Artificial neural network techniques are utilized to implement the mappings of the space of information generated by the instruments to the interpretation space, where the representation of the gestures are found...
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In a second generation of high resolution haplotype block and LD analysis in the Cattle genome, 503 samples from 20 different breeds where genotyped with the BovineHD Beadchip, which interrogates 777,000 SNPs. The analysis focused on... more
In a second generation of high resolution haplotype block and LD analysis in the Cattle genome, 503 samples from 20 different breeds where genotyped with the BovineHD Beadchip, which interrogates 777,000 SNPs. The analysis focused on chromosomes 1, 6, 14, and 25, containing 46492, 35512, 24774, and 12931 SNPs, respectively. Haplotype blocks were estimated based on r2. In summary, the average maximum number of markers per block was 68.79. The mean block size varied from 7.81 to 13.25 kb across breeds (with a mean block size of 10.25 kb over all breeds) and an average of 4.65 markers per block. The analysis also includes: linkage disequilibrium within and between breeds, breeds differentiation based on haplotype sharing and haplotype block boundary discordances, and effective population size estimations.
ABSTRACT In this paper we present the practical implementation of a high-speed polyphase sampling and demultiplexing architecture for optoelectronics analog-to-digital converters (OADCs). The architecture consists of a one-stage... more
ABSTRACT In this paper we present the practical implementation of a high-speed polyphase sampling and demultiplexing architecture for optoelectronics analog-to-digital converters (OADCs). The architecture consists of a one-stage divide-by-eight decimator circuit where optically-triggered samplers are cascaded to sample an analog input signal, and demultiplex different phases of the sampled signal to yield low data rate for electronic quantization. Electrical-in to electrical-out data format is maintained through the sampling, demultiplexing and quantization processes of the architecture thereby avoiding the need for electrical-to-optical and optical-to-electrical signal conversions. We experimentally demonstrate a 10.24 giga samples per second (GS/s), 12-bit resolution OADC system comprising the optically-triggered sampling circuits integrated with commercial electronic quantizers. Measurements performed on the OADC yielded an effective bit resolution (ENOB) of 10.3 bits, spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of -32 dB and signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of 63.7 dB.
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ABSTRACT The nonlinear response of p-i-n photodiodes (PIN-PDs) has become a concern for circuit designers implementing PIN-PD-based switches because this response can significantly compromise systems performance. A major challenge with... more
ABSTRACT The nonlinear response of p-i-n photodiodes (PIN-PDs) has become a concern for circuit designers implementing PIN-PD-based switches because this response can significantly compromise systems performance. A major challenge with this implementation is the selection of an appropriate linear operation range from the (I) – (V) curve of the PIN-PD to reduce nonlinear effects. In this letter, a set of equations is derived to determine an operation point at the fourth-quadrant of the (I) – (V) curve. The determined operation point establishes a range of linear excursion for the peak-to-peak voltage input signal. The theoretical results obtained from linear approximation and numerical simulations were compared with practical measurements obtained from a switching circuit implemented with a commercial PIN-PD.
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Genomic structural variations represent an important source of genetic variation in mammal genomes, thus, they are commonly related to phenotypic expressions. In this work, ,770,000 single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes from 506... more
Genomic structural variations represent an important source of genetic variation in mammal genomes, thus, they are commonly related to phenotypic expressions. In this work, ,770,000 single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes from 506 animals from 19 cattle breeds were analyzed. A simple LD-based structural variation was defined, and a genome-wide analysis was performed. After applying some quality control filters, for each breed and each chromosome we calculated the linkage disequilibrium (r 2) of short range (#100 Kb). We sorted SNP pairs by distance and obtained a set of LD means (called the expected means) using bins of 5 Kb. We identified 15,246 segments of at least 1 Kb, among the 19 breeds, consisting of sets of at least 3 adjacent SNPs so that, for each SNP, r 2 within its neighbors in a 100 Kb range, to the right side of that SNP, were all bigger than, or all smaller than, the corresponding expected mean, and their P-value were significant after a Benjamini-Hochberg multiple testing correction. In addition, to account just for homogeneously distributed regions we considered only SNPs having at least 15 SNP neighbors within 100 Kb. We defined such segments as structural variations. By grouping all variations across all animals in the sample we defined 9,146 regions, involving a total of 53,137 SNPs; representing the 6.40% (160.98 Mb) from the bovine genome. The identified structural variations covered 3,109 genes. Clustering analysis showed the relatedness of breeds given the geographic region in which they are evolving. In summary, we present an analysis of structural variations based on the deviation of the expected short range LD between SNPs in the bovine genome. With an intuitive and simple definition based only on SNPs data it was possible to discern closeness of breeds due to grouping by geographic region in which they are evolving.
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ABSTRACT The dependence of photon absorption by a low-dimensional cadmium-sulfide/cadmium-telluride (CdS/CdTe) heterostructured absorber on the thickness and number of CdTe active layers is investigated. The equation for the photon... more
ABSTRACT The dependence of photon absorption by a low-dimensional cadmium-sulfide/cadmium-telluride (CdS/CdTe) heterostructured absorber on the thickness and number of CdTe active layers is investigated. The equation for the photon absorption coefficient (α) used is based on the partial momentum k-selection approach. Theoretical results show that absorption greater than 4×104 cm-1 is obtained when the thickness of the active layer reaches 50 Å. Similarly, with each additional CdTe active layer in the heterostructured absorber, a relative increase of 0.5×104 cm-1 in photon absorption is achieved. The relation between photoelectric quantum efficiency and photon absorption is determined by the number and thickness of the CdTe active layers in the heterostructured absorber. A quantum efficiency greater than 0.9 is obtained using 15 active layers with a thickness of 50 Å.
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The imprints of domestication and breed development on the genomes of livestock likely differ from those of companion animals. A deep draft sequence assembly of shotgun reads from a single Hereford female and comparative sequences sampled... more
The imprints of domestication and breed development on the genomes of livestock likely differ from those of companion animals. A deep draft sequence assembly of shotgun reads from a single Hereford female and comparative sequences sampled from six additional breeds were used to develop probes to interrogate 37,470 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 497 cattle from 19 geographically and biologically diverse breeds. These data show that cattle have undergone a rapid recent decrease in effective population size from a very large ancestral population, possibly due to bottlenecks associated with domestication, selection, and breed formation. Domestication and artificial selection appear to have left detectable signatures of selection within the cattle genome, yet the current levels of diversity within breeds are at least as great as exists within humans.
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SNPs are the most recurrent polymorphisms at the genome and they appear about one per each kilobase between both chromosomes of an individual. A principal approach of research investigation is the use of SNPs to identify genomic variation... more
SNPs are the most recurrent polymorphisms at the genome and they appear about one per each kilobase between both chromosomes of an individual. A principal approach of research investigation is the use of SNPs to identify genomic variation of diverse ...
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Molecular markers have become a very important resource for genetic studies in crops. Due to their genome-wide abundance, it has increased its use for genetic studies in genomes of animals and plants. They have been used in the germplasm... more
Molecular markers have become a very important resource for genetic studies in crops. Due to their genome-wide abundance, it has increased its use for genetic studies in genomes of animals and plants. They have been used in the germplasm of the date palm to identify genetic diversity, sex determination and gene characterization. RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, ISSR and SSR are DNA based molecular markers that have been used to perform genetic diversity analyses. Advantages and disadvantages have been judged based on the level of polymorphism they capture, the quality of template DNA needed, the development cost, the reliability and the level of skill required. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) are DNA based molecular markers that have been used to perform genetic diversity analyses, sex determination and gene characterization in date palm. The SSR markers satisfy most requirements for accurate analysis of genetic diversity. The current study assess the performance of 255 SSR microsatellites that were used in recent studies, where patterns of genetic diversity were analyzed among 1066 date palms, from 411 cultivars in 12 countries. In addition, the different results of genetic diversity are presented, and the 19 SSR markers showing the best performance, were identified for future analysis of genetic diversity in the date palm.