The decomposition of trimethylsilane and tetramethylsilane has been investigated for the first time, using hot wire (catalytic) at various temperatures. Trimethylsilane is catalytic-dissociated in these species SiH 2, CH 3SiH, CH 3, CH... more
The decomposition of trimethylsilane and tetramethylsilane has been investigated for the first time, using hot wire (catalytic) at various temperatures. Trimethylsilane is catalytic-dissociated in these species SiH 2, CH 3SiH, CH 3, CH 2Si. Time of flight mass spectroscopy signal of these species are linearly increasing with increasing catalytic-temperature. Time of flight mass spectroscopy (TOFMS) signals of (CH 3) 3SiH and photodissociated into (CH 3) 2SiH are decreasing with increasing hot filament temperature. TOFMS signal of (CH 3) 4Si is decreasing with increasing hot wire temperature, but (CH 3) 3Si signal is almost constant with increasing the temperature. We calculated activation energies of dissociated species of the parental molecules for fundamental information of reaction kinetics for the first time. Catalytic-dissociation of trimethylsilane, and tetramethylsilane single source time of flight coupled single photon VUV (118 nm) photoionization collisionless radicals at temperature range of tungsten filament 800-2360 K. The study is focused to understand the fundamental information on reaction kinetics of these molecules at hot wire temperature, and processes of catalytic-chemical vapour deposition (Cat-CVD) technique which could be implemented in amorphous and crystalline SiC semiconductors thin films.
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This paper describes the entire methodology for the development of a scale to measure Attitude towards Open Educational Resources (ATOER). Traditionally, it is observed that some teachers are more willing to share their work than others,... more
This paper describes the entire methodology for the development of a scale to measure Attitude towards Open Educational Resources (ATOER). Traditionally, it is observed that some teachers are more willing to share their work than others, indicating the need to understand teachers' psychological and behavioural determinants that influence use of OER. The paper presents the methodological rigour in the development of the 17 items two-factor scale that is valid and reliable to measure attitude towards OER. The psychometric properties of the scale include: Content Validity Ratio=0.9 and Cronbach α=0.897 with strong inter-items correlation. The two-factors attitude construct in the scale was also subjected to a good model fit using Structural Equation Modelling, which revealed a mediocre fit with 0.8 Root Mean Square Error Approximation value and the chi-square to degree of freedom ratio below 3. We also discuss the significance of the scale and how to use it with other variables effectively in different contexts to help develop appropriate strategies for promoting the use of OER in educational institutions.
Research Interests: Statistics, Education, Educational Technology, Teacher Education, Research Methodology, and 22 morePsychometrics, Innovation statistics, Open Access, Educational Research, Learning and Teaching, Structural Equation Modeling, Approximation Algorithms, Modeling and Simulation, Attitudes (Social Psychology), Open Educational Resources (OER), Faculty, Oer, Scale, Attitude, Root-Mean Square Error, Psychometrics and Test Development, Content Validity, Open Distance Learning, Open Praxis, Cronbach alpha, ATOER Scale, and Psychological measures
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"The development of social networking, Web 2.0, and virtual worlds has opened new avenues for online collaborative communication. For learners in this digital age, there is a need to devise new models and metaphors to examine the... more
"The development of social networking, Web 2.0, and virtual worlds has opened new avenues for online collaborative communication. For learners in this digital age, there is a need to devise new models and metaphors to examine the learner and teacher interactions with technologies and for models which can help in designing effective and innovative learning interventions. In this chapter we examine some models and discuss how learners can be guided to become engaged in self-discovery learning. ... Sorry, the author hasn't uploaded a copy yet. Please check ...
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Ligand-capped metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have some interesting and useful physical properties that are not present in their respective bulk materials. These properties are of research interest in many applications such as... more
Ligand-capped metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have some interesting and useful physical properties that are not present in their respective bulk materials. These properties are of research interest in many applications such as catalysis, drug delivery, biological imaging, and plasmonics. In such applications, it is critical to understand the surface structure of NPs and the roles played by the surface bound ligands. To characterize surface environment, ligand dynamics, and exchange kinetics, ligand-capped metal and metal-oxide NPs are synthesized and studied by multinuclear NMR. Phosphines and phosphonic acids are used to passivate metal (gold and silver) and metal-oxide (tin dioxide) NPs in different sizes (1-5 nm) by following published procedures or original synthesis methods. In both solution and solid state NMR, the 31P chemical shift of surface-bound ligands are distinctly different from those observed for free ligands. Additionally, NMR line widths in surface-bound ligands are highly broadened compared to those of free ligands. The lines are broadened due to both homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening mechanisms, determined through hole burning NMR and spin-spin relaxation measurements. In small particles (< 2 nm), the main source of line broadening is inhomogeneous and originates due to structural heterogeneity and underlying chemical shift distributions. In large particles (> 2 nm), both inhomogeneous and homogeneous line broadening mechanisms are present. When the particles' sizes increase from small to large, the homogeneous broadening mechanism becomes dominant due to strong nuclear-electron interaction and reintroduction of residual dipolar coupling as shown by a combination of 1H, 13C and 31P NMR. Results from a series of ligand exchange experiments in silver and gold NPs further indicate the presence of Au(I) and Ag(I) on the particle surfaces.
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ABSTRACT
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To determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira and the serovars responsible for Leptospira exposure in rats in Grenada in order to assess rats as a reservoir host for human infection. Rattus norvegicus rodents were collected from each of... more
To determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira and the serovars responsible for Leptospira exposure in rats in Grenada in order to assess rats as a reservoir host for human infection. Rattus norvegicus rodents were collected from each of the six parishes on the island of Grenada. Serum from 237 rats was tested by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and an Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Seroprevalence rates among parishes were compared using a chi-squared test of homogeneity. Of the 237 serum samples tested, 64 were positive by either MAT or ELISA for an overall seroprevalence of 27%. The ELISA identified 24.5% (57/233) of the rats positive at a titer of &gt; or = 1:160. The MAT identified 7.1% (13/183) of the rats positive at a titer of &gt; or = 1:100. Six of the 13 MAT positive samples had antibodies to multiple serovars. The serovars identified by the MAT with the greatest frequency were from the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. Two rats had antibodies for serogroup Cynopteri, the first time this serogroup has been identified in Grenada. Our results for Leptospira exposure in rats in Grenada support R norvegicus as an important reservoir host for Leptospira, particularly those from the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. Because this serogroup is the primary serogroup responsible for documented human exposure in Grenada, exposed rats represent a public health threat.
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Lupus vulgaris is a variant of cutaneous tuberculosis. Its more destructive and mutilating clinical forms have become rarer in consonance of a general decline of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is rarely seen now in developed countries due to... more
Lupus vulgaris is a variant of cutaneous tuberculosis. Its more destructive and mutilating clinical forms have become rarer in consonance of a general decline of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is rarely seen now in developed countries due to stringent control measures, improved quality of living and effective therapeutic regimens. Misdiagnosis, neglect, or late diagnosis may result in severe, ulcerative and mutilating &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;wolf eaten&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; skin lesions. This paper describes four such cases of &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;were-wolf&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; cutaneous tuberculosis. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent much of the disfigurement.
Research Interests: Microbiology, Adolescent, Humans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Male, and 6 moreLIP, Skin, Clinical Sciences, Adult, Ear, and Nose
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The post-flowering stalk rots (PFSR) are a complex disease, which are widely distributed in almost all the maize growing regions across the globe. A number of fungi are involved in causing decay of the pith resulting in pre-mature wilting... more
The post-flowering stalk rots (PFSR) are a complex disease, which are widely distributed in almost all the maize growing regions across the globe. A number of fungi are involved in causing decay of the pith resulting in pre-mature wilting of the plants. Most of the commercially grown cultivars have shown a high level of disease incidence at the grain filling
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Characterization of cathepsin B from buffalo kidney and goat spleen showed the presence of isozymes in case of the goat spleen (GSCB-I and GSCB-II) whereas cathepsin B from buffalo kidney exhibited only one form (BKCB). The molecular... more
Characterization of cathepsin B from buffalo kidney and goat spleen showed the presence of isozymes in case of the goat spleen (GSCB-I and GSCB-II) whereas cathepsin B from buffalo kidney exhibited only one form (BKCB). The molecular weights determined by SDS-PAGE for GSCB-I, GSCB-II, and BKCB were 25.7, 26.6 and 25.5 kDa respectively. The kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of GSCB-I showed close similarities with BKCB against alpha-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-napthylamide whereas GSCB-II was closer to the buffalo enzyme with regards to its activity against Z-Arg-Arg-MCA and Z-Phe-Arg-MCA. All the three enzymes had similar sensitivities towards urea, antipain and leupeptin. However, clear differences were observed in the inhibition patterns of the enzyme with iodoacetic acid and iodoacetamide. Differences in the kinetic, immunogenic and some catalytic properties of GSCB-I and II, which had similarities with regard to most of their physico-chemical properties, were considered to be due to ...
Research Interests: Physical Chemistry, Catalysis, Kinetics, Spleen, Molecular and cellular biology, and 12 moreKidney, Animals, Enzyme, Goats, Isoenzymes, Molecular weight, Species Specificity, Physico chemical Properties, Kinetic Parameter, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Biochemistry and cell biology, and Buffaloes
... RC Sharma, T Kundu and SN Thakur ... Approximately 20% of the dye laser radiation was coaxially directed into a Hamamatsu At-hollow cathode lamp (model L233-Fe) which was connected to a regular dc power supply (Keithley model 246)... more
... RC Sharma, T Kundu and SN Thakur ... Approximately 20% of the dye laser radiation was coaxially directed into a Hamamatsu At-hollow cathode lamp (model L233-Fe) which was connected to a regular dc power supply (Keithley model 246) through a current limiting resistance ...
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Objective To investigate the effect of Potentilla fulgens extract on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in male mice as a function of age. Methods Eighteen-month-old Swiss albino male mice were administered the... more
Objective To investigate the effect of Potentilla fulgens extract on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in male mice as a function of age. Methods Eighteen-month-old Swiss albino male mice were administered the dichloromethane-methanol extract of P. fulgens (250 mg/kg b.w.) on alternate days via intraperitoneal route for a period of 14 days. Lipid peroxidation and activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) in liver and kidney were measured and serum oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was estimated. Phytochemical analysis of P. fulgens extract using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was carried out with gallic acid, quercetin, catechin, and epicatechin as markers. Results Significant increase in levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), decreased GPx1, and CAT activities as well as reduction in ORAC were observed in 18-month-old mice as compared to that of 2-month-old mice. Treatment with P. fulgens extract sig...
The regulation of hepatic and renal glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in young (4 weeks) and senescent (120 weeks) mice was studied. Significant changes in the level of GRs from liver and kidney were detected, whereas the affinity (Kd) for... more
The regulation of hepatic and renal glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in young (4 weeks) and senescent (120 weeks) mice was studied. Significant changes in the level of GRs from liver and kidney were detected, whereas the affinity (Kd) for the hormone [3H]dexamethasone did not change in young and old mice. The concentration of GRs was markedly decreased in liver (25%) and kidney (33%) of old mice as compared to young ones. The magnitude of heat activation of GR complexes was more pronounced in both the tissues at young age compared to old. In addition, we have found changes in the heat activation-inhibition studies of GRs, using polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as measured by binding to DNA-cellulose and purified nuclei. Linoleic acid (C18:2) exhibited significant decrease in heat activation of both hepatic and renal hormone-bound GR, with higher magnitude of inhibition in young liver (64%) and kidney (68%) as compared to old (41% and 43%, respectively). Arachidonic acid (C20:4) was...
Research Interests: Aging, Dexamethasone, Kidney, Liver, Mice, and 6 moreBiogerontology, Animals, Male, Clinical Sciences, Arachidonic Acid, and Linoleic Acid
Abstract Around the world many communities have been constantly struggling to maintain their customs, traditions and language. Many communities have been on the move from place to place due to various factors of social change, such as... more
Abstract Around the world many communities have been constantly struggling to maintain their customs, traditions and language. Many communities have been on the move from place to place due to various factors of social change, such as war, search of food, land, and climatic calamities. Such forces have given rise to different cultures and languages through fusion or the creation of new cultures. The cultures not only exist within nationalities and ethnic groups, but also within communities, organizations and other systems. A language ...
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Verrucarin A (Ver A) and roridin A (Ror A), macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins, were examined for their immunomodulatory effects. Both mycotoxins were administered intraperitoneally at 0.35 mg/kg (1/2 the LD50) in CD-1 mice. Lymphocyte... more
Verrucarin A (Ver A) and roridin A (Ror A), macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins, were examined for their immunomodulatory effects. Both mycotoxins were administered intraperitoneally at 0.35 mg/kg (1/2 the LD50) in CD-1 mice. Lymphocyte proliferation was studied on days 2, 4 and 7 after animals were dosed with Ver A. After day 2, no significant differences in [3H]thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation were observed using concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). On day 4 DNA synthesis induced by Con A, PHA and PWM was increased significantly. On day 7, PHA stimulation increased (p less than 0.001) above controls while Con A, PWM and LPS responses were not significantly different. The data indicated that Con A, PHA and PWM responses were time-dependent. Antibody production was evaluated by the hemolytic plaque assay; sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Ver A were administered simultaneously, and Ver A was given 2 days after SRBC cha...
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Tehri hydroelectric project of 2,400 MW capacity, the Asia's highest dam constructed on the Bhagirathi river in Uttarakhand is one of the most debatable dams of the country. The fluvial system of Bhagirathi and Bhilagana has been... more
Tehri hydroelectric project of 2,400 MW capacity, the Asia's highest dam constructed on the Bhagirathi river in Uttarakhand is one of the most debatable dams of the country. The fluvial system of Bhagirathi and Bhilagana has been converted into a huge lentic water reservoir of 2.62x10(9) m3 capacity. Therefore, the information on periphytonic diversity before impoundment is very important. The preimpoundment study over one year (September 2004 - August 2005) was carried out monthly to analyse the periphytonic diversity in a lotic environment of Bhagirathi, one of the parent streams of Ganges. Periphytons are the important primary producers of metarhithronic stretch of Bhagirathi. 40 taxa of periphytons, represented by the families of Bacillariophyceae (25 taxa), Chlorophyceae (11 taxa) and Myxophyceae (4 taxa), were recorded from the Bhagirathi river before impoundment. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index ranged between 3.404 to 4.360 for periphytons, which indicates a good healt...
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Craniofacial surgery, one of the newest subspecialties of plastic surgery, has taken roots in India. The author, after having trained with Dr Ian Jackson at USA, started this facility in Chandigarh at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical... more
Craniofacial surgery, one of the newest subspecialties of plastic surgery, has taken roots in India. The author, after having trained with Dr Ian Jackson at USA, started this facility in Chandigarh at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research in 1995. The hospital caters to a population of approximately 100 million. To date, approximately 1000 major craniofacial procedures have been performed. A wide spectrum of cases belonging to congenital and acquired craniofacial deformities have been managed and followed up over a long period. The pattern of these deformities is different from those seen in the Western world. The complication rate has been comparable to any craniofacial unit in the developed countries. We have suggested ways to augment the existing facilities in India.
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At the outset we are happy to be busy and are keen to help ODL researchers all around the world (please see a summary report, Kawachi, 2008a). We all need research into open and distance education. Teachers, prospective students and... more
At the outset we are happy to be busy and are keen to help ODL researchers all around the world (please see a summary report, Kawachi, 2008a). We all need research into open and distance education. Teachers, prospective students and current students, administrators, funding agencies and governments each and all need findings from research. The overarching reason why we need research is to improve course design through better understand the factors affecting the achieved learning outcomes. We need to understand the students' characteristics, the ...
... Books 1 to 1 of 1. Title: Symmetries of spacetimes and Riemannian manifolds. Author(s): Krishan L. Duggal and Ramesh Sharma. Date: 1999. Publisher: Kluwer. Pages: 214. Series: Mathematics and its applications, Vol. 487. ...
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Abstract???Patient Clinical Management tools are necessary for doctor's and support staff to undertake patient care more efficiently. Such tools are also of interest from an administrative perspective because they help reduce costs.... more
Abstract???Patient Clinical Management tools are necessary for doctor's and support staff to undertake patient care more efficiently. Such tools are also of interest from an administrative perspective because they help reduce costs. We have developed a mobile patient clinical ...
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Research Interests: Treatment Outcome, Dermatology, Adolescent, Dexamethasone, Humans, and 19 moreChild, Blood Pressure, Female, Male, Skin, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Triamcinolone Acetonide, Adult, Mouth mucosa, Public health systems and services research, Retrospective Studies, Combination drug therapy, Retrospective Study, Cyclophosphamide, Pemphigus, Glycosuria, and Azathioprine
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Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) in India is due mostly to Leishmania tropica. It is mainly endemic in the deserts of Rajasthan. Recently, Himachal Pradesh has been identified as a new endemic focus for the disease. In the last few... more
Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) in India is due mostly to Leishmania tropica. It is mainly endemic in the deserts of Rajasthan. Recently, Himachal Pradesh has been identified as a new endemic focus for the disease. In the last few years, the number of new cases has been increasing almost to epidemic proportions. This report presents the preliminary findings of clinico-epidemiologic and investigative results of 161 new localized cases of LCL seen between May 2001 and December 2003. The study populaton was composed of 80 males and 81 females between 10 months and 75 years of age. All were indigenous to the sub-alpine valley along the Satluj River in the mountainous region of the Kinnaur District (altitude = 700-2,900 meters). Most patients were seen from April to September and had 1-8 lesions (duration = 1-6 months) that involved mainly the face. Tissue smears were positive for amastigotes in 37% and histopathology showed non-caseating epitheloid cell granuloma in 77% of the c...
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Results In India, 23 patients with subcutaneous pheohyphomycosis have been reported, distributed throughout the country in a belt from north to south, sparing the eastern and western regions. The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 60... more
Results In India, 23 patients with subcutaneous pheohyphomycosis have been reported, distributed throughout the country in a belt from north to south, sparing the eastern and western regions. The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 60 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.3 : 1. A ...