LIP

Introduction: Patients with dentofacial deformities may undergo orthodontic or orthodontic-surgical treatment. Both modalities can affect esthetics. Objective: This study aims to evaluate clinical and radiographic changes in exposure of maxillary central incisors occurring after orthognathic surgery for maxillary advancement. Methods: A total of 17 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery for maxillary advancement between September, 2010 and July, 2011 were selected. Exposure of maxillary central incisors was evaluated clinically and by lateral cephalograms. Measurements were taken one week before and three months after surgery. Data were paired in terms of sex, age, nasolabial angle, height and thickness of the upper lip, the amount of maxillary advancement, clinical exposure and inclination of maxillary central incisor by statistical tests (CI 95%). Results: After maxillary advancement, incisor clinical exposure had increased even with relaxed lips and under forced smile. Moreo...

AIMS To describe the two-phase treatment of a preadolescent boy with a severe skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess and spaced upper incisors. METHODS Treatment involved an orthopaedic phase using high-pull headgear and a maxillary intrusion splint followed by non-extraction orthodontic treatment with a pre-adjusted edgewise appliance. The case was assessed at the start of treatment (T1), at the end of orthopaedic treatment (T2), at the end of orthodontic treatment (T3) and 2 years after debanding (T4). RESULTS At T2 the Class II molar occlusion was corrected to a Class I molar relationship and the overjet and overbite were considerably reduced. A lower lip trap was relieved and a normal mentolabial sulcus obtained. The cephalometric changes at T2 revealed a 4 degree reduction in the ANB angle but no change in the SNA angle. At T3, the inclination of the upper central incisors, the overjet and overbite were normal and the spaces between the upper a...

Chronic actinic cheilitis is actinic keratosis located on the vermilion border. Treatment is essential because of the potential for malignant transformation. To evaluate the aesthetic and functional results of vermilionectomy using the classic and W-plasty techniques in actinic cheilitis. In the classic technique, the scar is linear and in the W-plasty one, it is a broken line. 32 patients with clinical and histopathological diagnosis of actinic cheilitis were treated. Out of the 32 patients, 15 underwent the W-plasty technique and 17 underwent the classic one. We evaluated parameters such as scar retraction and functional changes. A statistically significant association between the technique used and scar retraction was found, which was positive when using the classic technique (p = 0.01 with Yates' correction). The odds ratio was calculated at 11.25, i.e., there was a greater chance of retraction in patients undergoing the classic technique. Both techniques revealed no functio...

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a histiocytic inflammatory disorder that can present different histologic patterns. Classic JXG consists of sheets of foamy histiocytes and numerous multinucleated Touton giant cells. Nonlipidized JXG (NJXG) is one of the unusual variants of JXG, consisting of a diffuse monomorphic infiltrate of mononuclear histiocytes, suggesting an aggressive or malignant tumor due the high mitotic index. However, NJXG behaves clinically as classic JXG. We present an unusual case of a 6-year-old boy who presented an exophytic ulcerated nodule on the lower lip diagnosed as NJXG. The boy is currently well without recurrence three years after surgical excision.

Few studies have focused on the impact of malocclusion on lip - tooth relationships during smiling and speech. To evaluate the impact of different malocclusions on lip - tooth relationships during smiling and speech, using video images. One hundred and three subjects with Class I (N = 31), Class II division 1 (N = 26), Class II division 2 (N = 16) and Class III malocclusions (N = 30) were asked to repeat the same sentence and then smile in front of a video camera. Nine frames were extracted from each subject's video clip: at rest, posed smile, unposed smile and during the pronunciation of the sounds: 'che', 'fa', 'se', 'chee', 'tee' and 'mee'. On each frame, up to 10 parameters describing the lip - tooth relationships were measured. In all frames, there were no statistically significant differences in the upper central incisor display ratios among the malocclusion groups (p > 0.05). The buccal corridor ratio in the posed and unp...

In bilateral cleft lip, there is a characteristic deformity called cleft lip nose characterized by short columella and prolabium with a pressed nose. Although lots of surgical techniques were described for columella lengthening and correction of the nose deformity, no technical method was suggested for prolabium lengthening. In this paper we propose a simultaneous bilateral cleft lip repair and lengthening of the prolabium, and describe a new technique called "Turkish tulip" for this aim. Eleven patients (6 males and 5 females) with bilateral cleft lip were treated using this method. Patients' ages ranged from 3 months to 17 years at the time of operation. Five patients had incomplete and six had complete bilateral cleft lips. The patients were evaluated in terms of functional and aesthetic results in postoperative period. : The average follow-up time was 8 months (ranged from 4 months to 15 months). There were no postoperative complications. The prolabium was lengthened adequately in all patients. No notch and whistle deformity was seen in our series. The patient or parent satisfaction was good or perfect in all cases. To avoid the disadvantage of the long time course required to correct the nose deformity and to lengthen the prolabium, we propose the "Turkish tulip" technique with the primary repair of bilateral cleft lips simultaneously. With this technique it is possible to lengthen the columello-prolabial complex with cleft lip repair in the same session without any intervention to any part of the nose including the columella. As a preliminary study, according to the early results, this new technique seems to have good cosmetic outcomes.

Orthodontic treatment to improve not only tooth alignment but also facial esthetics is a given in modern society. This paper illustrates this assumption with a report of a patient with a Class I, maxillary retrusion, concave profile, and retrusion of the upper and lower lips. Maxillary expansion was followed by face mask therapy and orthodontic treatment, which significantly improved the soft tissue profile by projecting the upper lip.© 2009 BY QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO, INC.

Excerpt from the American Journal of Sexual Medicine reviewer's "comments to the author":
"Reading between the lines, it is clear that this is a political statement against circumcision masquerading as a medical definition of the foreskin as an organ. Although the authors’ pain and outrage are obvious, I really do not empathize. So what if the foreskin is a lip? Their deeper argument that its removal impoverishes the sexual lives of men does not rest on any solid scientific foundation."
(Being the owner of a healthy and efficient prepuce, the author wouldn't give it away for an empire.)

A review of the medical literature about the sexual functions of the foreskin

BACKGROUND
Elementary medical ethics forbids the excision of an organ without strict and serious medical motive.

METHODS
After the exposure of the concept of lip, its appliance to the foreskin makes the latter a full organ. Then, the article recalls the main medical literature that sets out the two functions of the foreskin: sexual and protective.

RESULTS
This article emphasizes that the foreskin is a full organ: the specific organ for autosexuality, an adjuvant for heterosexuality and the protective lip of the glans.

CONCLUSION
Anatomy has not generalized the notion of lip to all the organs with a similar structure and function. First, highlighting that the foreskin is a lip emphasizes its function of indispensable organ for protecting the glans. Second, the review of medical literature recalls that the foreskin includes an erogeneity and an ability to retract that make it not only the specific organ for solitary sexuality but also a useful tool of heterosexuality. Third: the concept of autosexuality replaces an insidiously making guilty and derogatory concept by a neutral one. So, this article brings medicine two useful concepts and takes the defence of a sometimes hastily neglected sexual organ.

Keywords: anatomy, organ, lip, foreskin, sexual function, circumcision, mutilation.

Reconstruction options for columellar defects together with membranous septum, nasal base, and upper lip are restricted. We present a case successfully treated with bilateral cheek advancement flaps with upper medial, perialar skin flaps to reconstruct the upper lip, columella, nasal base and membranous septum in a single session. This method provides adequate tissue with minimal cosmetic deformity in a single stage for repairing such compound defects.

Previous studies on the effects of surgical and rapid palatal expansion have been largely based on general skeletal and dental findings ascertained from radiographs and casts. The aim of this study was to measure and compare the soft tissue changes of the face during the expansion process and to determine the stability of any changes 1 year later. The sample consisted of 44 patients with unilateral or bilateral posterior crossbites. Twenty-four of the patients required a surgically assisted expansion procedure, and a second group of 20 patients were treated with orthopedic expansion. Ten measurements were made from standardized frontal facial photographic slides at 5 intervals of treatment: initial, bond appliance, stop expansion, debond appliance, and 1 year retention. Differences over time between the surgical and nonsurgical groups were analyzed by a 2 way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and post hoc t tests. Differences between initial and 1 year retention were found in the nasal widths (P < .001) of both surgical and nonsurgical groups. Other significant changes and trends were discussed. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;116:563-71)

Twelve sopranos with different levels of expertise (4 nonexperts, 4 advanced, 4 professionals) sustained pitches from A4 ( approximately 440 Hz) to their highest pitch (ranging from C6 to D7, i.e., from approximately 1000 to 2300 Hz). The frequencies of their first two vocal tract resonances (R1 and R2) were measured by broadband excitation at the mouth and compared with the voice harmonics (f(0), 2f(0), etc). Lip articulation was measured from simultaneous video recordings. Adjustment of R1 near to f(0) (R1:f(0) tuning) was observed below C6 to D6 ( approximately 1000-1200 Hz) for both expert and non-expert singers. Experts began this tuning at lower pitches. Some singers combine R2:2f(0) adjustment with R1:f(0) tuning. Some singers increased mouth area with increasing pitch over the whole R1:f(0) tuning range. Other singers showed this strategy on the higher part of the R1:f(0) range only, and used another, as yet unidentified, articulatory strategy on the lower part. To achieve v...