Roger Hayter

Resource conflicts are widespread features of contemporary globalization. In forestry-related resource peripheries, such as British Columbia (BC), various societal stakeholders are demanding a reform of resource uses away from industrial priorities towards more ecological and cultural ones. Forest conflicts represent institutional clashes that lead to new forms of governance based on new inventories, resource maps, science, and zoning. The authors of this paper analyze the remapping of forest resources in BC as part of broader paradigmatic transformations of society and economy from shareholder to stakeholder models of resource governance, i.e. as a shift in policy-making from hierarchical control by governments and markets to more diffuse, democratic forms of governance. This process is accompanied by institutional innovation and thickening that still need to be assessed for their effectiveness. Whether stakeholder remapping can be certified as good governance remains a context-dep...

... and marketing functions during the long boom largely depended upon and, in turn ... by large externally-controlled corporations pursuing horizontal and especially vertical integration strategies [8]. Moreover ... to build up a strong private sector R&D infrastruc-ture during the 1950s ...

... Roger Hayter, Kevin G. Rees and Jerry Patchell Introduction This chapter addresses the potentials of high technology (high tech ... Discovery parks were established adjacent to the campuses of UBC in Vancouver, Simon Fraser University (SFU) and the ... 4050 3. PMC-Sierra Ltd. ...

The volatility of British Columbia’s (BC’s) forest industries over the last three decades has not only reflected the immediate impacts of demand fluctuations arising from the broader vicissitudes of capitalist economies but the evolutionary implications of industrial and resource dynamics. The 1980s recession in particular marked a turning point in the evolutionary trajectory of BC’s forest industries, associated with global paradigmatic changes driven by flexibility imperatives, the maturation of the forestry resource cycle to the plateau or fall-down stage, and conflicts caused by environmental, social and trade protectionist opposition to vested industry interests. This paper focuses on the broad contours of the restructuring of BC’s forest industries since 1980. Conceptually, the paper elaborates a resource industry life-cycle model (RILCM) that integrates industry and resource cycle dynamics and the implications of economic crisis. Empirically, the analysis uses longitudinal ou...

... For example, e-waste represents the burden of new products while the destruction of ... Environment and development are widely considered the central, related challenges facing the globe today ... The third proposal for an EEG agenda advises the environmental elaboration of ...

ABSTRACT Introductory ParagraphEconomy and environment have often been debated, not least by politicians seeking election, as two separate, conflicting realms in zero sum relationships to one another; voters must choose between economy or environment. Likewise, modern (post-1960) economic geography largely sub-disciplined itself around an interest in employment (e.g. industrial geography) or in nature (e.g. environmental geography). Fortunately, the nature of the debate is changing rapidly and political, business and environmental leaders have recognized that economic development and environmental sustainability, the two central challenges facing the world in the twenty-first century, depend on each other as potentially mutually compatible imperatives. Recognition that economic evolution is driven by innovations of all kinds that restructure relations between economy and environment supports this view. If these restructurings have been overwhelmingly negative for the environment in the past, a re-calibration of institutional and technological innovation towards a Green Paradigm that seeks to realize positive sum relationships between economy and environment is feasible. Moreover, a Green Paradigm needs to be both global in scope and sensitive to geographically uniqueness. Economy–environment relationships are distinctive in particular places and connected across space; climate warming, for example, is a global phenomenon in which processes and outcomes are locally varied. The vital role for environmental economic geography is to assess how place and space influence economy–environment relations that are site-specific, globally interdependent and multi-scalar, and to prescribe (local–global) relations that will realize economic and environmental values. Normatively, with respect to the achievement of economic and environmental values: How should innovation systems be organized globally and locally? What is the proper distribution of economic activities? How should cities and resource peripheries be remapped? How should value chains that directly and indirectly link multi-faceted (resource, manufacturing and service activities) activities in the supply of goods and services for consumers best be organized locally and globally? These are some of the fascinating questions facing environmental economic geography.Annotated Suggestions for Readings1. Freeman C. 1992 ‘A green techno-economic paradigm for the world economy’ in The Economics of Hope Freeman, C. Pinter, London, pp. 190–211. Freeman demonstrates how environmental impacts are affected by the innovation choices made by society and that a Green Techno-economic Paradigm (TEP) is a realistic hope.2. Freeman C. and Louça F. 2001 ‘The emergence of a new techno-economic paradigm: The age of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Freeman C. and Louça F. As Time Goes By, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 301–335. Part Two (pp. 139–372) explains the major features of the five TEPs since the late eighteenth century, emphasizing the role of innovation in economic evolution. The cited chapter focuses on the present TEP.3. Clapp, R. A. (1998). The resource cycle in forestry and fishing. The Canadian Geographer 42: 129–144. Reveals the powerful tendencies for even sustainable resources to boom and bust.4. Hendricks, B. (2008). The Green Road to Economic Recovery http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2008/09/hendricks_testimony.html (accessed September 2008). Testimony before the US House Select Committee on Energy Interdependence and Global Economy to argue that investment in attempts to reduce climate warming can rejuvenate the economy.5. Hayter, R., Barnes, T. and Bradshaw, M. J. (2003). Relocating resource peripheries to the core of economic geography's theorizing: rationale and agenda. Area 35: 15–23. A plea to examine resource peripheries as sites where environmental, cultural, industrial and political values are often in conflict.6. Florida, R. (1996). Lean and green: the move to environmentally conscious manufacturing. California Management Review 39: 80–105. An assessment of how manufacturing firms in the US are responding to environmental imperatives.7. Maack, M. H. and Skulason, J. B. (2005). Implementing the hydrogen economy. Journal of Cleaner Production 14: 52–64. A review of Iceland's experiment to become the world's first hydrogen economy.Focus Questions1. How realistic is a green TEP? Or, what are the possibilities for positive sum games between economic development and environment around the globe, especially for poor countries.2. In your home nation, region and community assess shifts towards positive sum relationships between economic development and environment. Are there contradictory trends?3. How are environmental priorities creating jobs in your nation, region or community? What is the potential of ‘environmental industries’ in the ‘south’ (developing countries)?4. What are innovation systems, what is their…

During the 1970s, the explosion of Japanese exports of automobiles (and other products) led American and European governments in particular to introduce various forms of protection for their domestic industries. In response to trade barriers, including the'voluntary export quota'system in the US, Japanese auto manufacturers began to invest in branch plants in the US, Canada, the UK and, later, in continental Europe. Among western countries, there was a widespread view-one that helped rationalise protectionist ...

ABSTRACT In this article, trade is conceptualized as a cultural as well as an economic and political process. In this view, exporting connects market intelligence with production intelligence on either side of national, typically cultural, borders. These connections frequently imply alternative, mutually influencing, forms of communication and learning that have various implications for local development. A model of relational market intelligence is outlined as a way of understanding this dimension of exporting. The model integrates production and market intelligence while emphasizing alternative pathways of learning and communication. It is applied to the newly emergent trade that features the export of houses from British Columbia to Japan. Within an extended case-study research design framework, information is based on interviews with manufacturing firms and related organizations in British Columbia. Implications for local development in British Columbia are noted.

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... greatly benefited as supervisor of an outstanding group of gradu-ate students, several of whom, notably Ben Ofori-Amoah, Eric Grass ... xvi Acknowledgments Paul DeGrace has done a superlative job drawing the maps; Ray Squirrel continues to provide much welcome advice, as ...

... of technological change increased rapidly in the forest product industries during the 1970s ... technology became a potentially more important element in the competitive strategies of forest ... upon proven technology (in support of commodity production and marketing), forest product ...

Based on interviews with corporate executives, this paper examines several decisions to locate pulp and paper mills in British Columbia during the 1960's and early 1970's. It emphasizes locational evaluations of regions, communities, and sites interpreted as parts of wider investment decision processes and longer-run corporate strategies. Relationships between initial locational decisions and post-locational assessments and adjustments are also identified.

... as Martin (2000, p. 86) notes, dissenting institutionalism constantly wres-tles between forces of ... but based on judge-ments rooted in experience, context and social le-gitimacy ... Within economicgeography, the interlocking principles of embeddedness, evolution and differ-ence ...

... Although Atkinson does not provide much discussion of this third form, Harrison and Bluestone (1990) do, arguing it is the principal cause of America's "great U-turn"; that is, an increasing wage polarisation since ... Labour market segmentation, flexibility, and recession ...

... Canada's global trading role and have exercised a significant influence over Canada's institutions and internal structures (Clement, 1989; Innis ... of this complex discussion are available elsewhere and need not be repeated here (Percy and Yoder, 1987; Rugman and Porteous ...

... Townsend, 1983; Peck and Townsend, 1984) I stress in this paper the importance of the marketingstrategies, and specifically the export strategies, of firms ... should be interpreted as an integral part of a process through which firms evolve and during which systematic ...

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This paper uses the work of the Canadian economic historian, Harold Innis, to reflect on the nature of resource economies and the single-industry towns that form their backbone. For Innis resource or staple economies are subject to extreme spatial and temporal disruptions that are both creative and destructive. Single-industry towns are on the front line of both that creativity and

In trying to understand resource economies, the article develops the idea of local models. A local model, in contrast to a universal model, is sensitive to the peculiarities of geo- graphical context. Those peculiarities, rather than being reduced to some higher order of logic as in universal models, are kept intact, forming the very basis of understanding. Our approach to